Bilad Alrafidain Journal of Humanities and Social Science

The research deals with the problem of the marriage of a minor Jewish girl to an old man، through the novel "Fraim...Fraim" by the Israeli writer Shalom Darwish، who is of Iraqi origin. The research aims to identify how the writer expressed the concept of marriage of minors among the Jews. The study is divided into an introduction and three topics. The introduction introduces the writer and summarizes the events of the novel. The first section deals with the family’s motives for marrying off their young daughter to an older man. The second topic deals with the groom's family's motives for marrying their son to a young girl. The third topic presents the position of the Jewish law on the marriage of the young girl، and the psychological impact on the young girl because of this marriage.

The oversight of the administrative judiciary is one of the basic guarantees that are relied upon in order to exercise the legally recognized rights and freedoms guaranteed by national constitutions and international treaties and conventions, as the most important protection for these freedoms and rights is the one that results from the oversight exercised by the administrative judge on the occasion of the abolition lawsuit due to abuse of use. Authority is considered an important guarantee for it, as the legality judge restores matters to their normal course, and thus makes the principle of legality generate all the effects associated with it that provide the conditions and situations for the enjoyment of all basic rights and public freedoms. In normal circumstances, individuals have the right to resort to the judicial facility to file a lawsuit to cancel the administrative decision that affects the principle of legality, as the administrative judiciary exercises its control over those decisions to ensure the extent to which they respect the laws that guarantee basic rights and public freedoms, but this guarantee may be affected depending on the circumstances that the country is going through and resorting to at that time, the administration resorted to exceptional measures to confront an imminent external danger that threatens public order, which results in legal problems related to the nature of those decisions taken during the emergency period.
The current study aims to determine the correct obstacles facing the Iraqi administrative judiciary during the period of health emergency, as well as the measures taken by the executive authority as precautionary and preventive measures to reduce the risk of the spread of the corona virus covid-19 in Iraq, and the extent of the administrative judiciary’s control over the work of the problem crisis cell according to Diwani Order No. (55) of March 12, 2020, how can there be a role for the urgent judiciary in settling disputes that may arise from the application of this order.

Internal displacement was not a new phenomenon, but rather an old human phenomenon that most countries of the world suffered from, and it is more widespread and common in countries experiencing international and non-international armed conflicts and situations of turmoil and instability, which works to uproot the population and force them to migrate and flee in search of a safe place that protects them from fire. war, tyranny of armed groups, or the wrath of nature when their countries or regions are exposed to natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and droughts .As for Iraq, it has become a model for the homeless citizen because of the displacement and displacement that its population has been subjected to, for reasons that may be military, armed conflicts, or terrorist acts.

The current research focuses on the concept of rehabilitating the interior spaces of the Ottoman heritage buildings in the city of Baghdad, represented by the interior spaces of the heritage Qishla building, in a way that achieves preservation and continuity of its spaces embracing humanitarian events, artistic activities and various public events. The concept of rehabilitating the interior spaces of heritage buildings, which provides a theoretical base and clear indicators for the interior designer in his dealings with the rehabilitated interior spaces. The research consists of three sections, the first section represents the methodological aspect and the second section the theoretical framework and previous studies, while the third section includes the descriptive analytical study, and the research concludes with a set of results, conclusions and recommendations embodying the research vision of the concept of rehabilitating the internal spaces of heritage buildings. This study is a tributary that flows into the course of future ideas and research

Toward the finish of the 20th 100 years and the start of the twenty-first 100 years, cinema tended to produce science fiction films, and these films derive their ideas from scientific theories in various fields of science in addition to the imaginary ideas of the author of the film. In these films the characters were characterized by superhuman and unfamiliar traits and ideas. The producers tried to load these characters with ideas and messages addressed to the audience. Therefore, this study expected to recognize "the job of the person in sci-fi films by conveying the message to the beneficiary."A sample was chosen, which is the movie “Terminator” directed by James Cameron Because this director was distinguished in the production of science fiction films that won many awards, and to achieve the goal of this research, the researcher prepared an analysis and observation form (research tool), and after the experts approved it, he reached the most important results:
1. The imaginary character (not real) does not have feelings and sensations like natural characters, and it carries the ideas of the author or the producer.
2. The imaginary and natural characters carry messages through which they try to influence the recipient.
3. Photography, montage, visual and sound effects, in addition to the rest of the techniques, contribute to drawing the personal, intellectual, psychological and social dimensions.
4. This film was able to send a key message to the world showing America's scientific, economic and political power. This research was concluded with conclusions, recommendations, and a list of sources and references.

Research has become an important tributary for all societal, humanitarian and cultural issues, as it plays a prominent role in describing, clarifying and finding a solution to everything related to the issue internally and externally, as well as in supporting the links between the university and its students, staff and professors. Also, in increasing the enrichment of information with deep research activities supported by the ideas of its students. Today, the media has taken the major initiative to rectify the situation, and enter into the prevailing issues through development and highlighting them in order to build a knowledge - based society that contributes to improving societal reality, and to benefit from and develop previous experiences. To shed more light on it, although the site is widespread, its damages are many, and no radical solution has been found so far to limit it, as an attempt to reduce the phenomenon of violence against women; And that is by using audited schemes that depend on the means of communication used for the audiences and many others that are used to influence the intended environment, with the contribution and support of the (Red Crescent Organization) always and effectively.

Among the important and circulating topics in the field of sports psychology, which has great importance in terms of its impact on the level of the athlete, is emotional arousal, which is considered one of the important topics that affect negatively or positively the level of development of the game and to achieve the best achievements and results. As emotional arousal is one of the main factors Which has a direct influence on the level of performance of coaches and players because it does not go at one pace, but we find it high at times and low at other times for many reasons, including the level of the team, the level of the opponent, the location of the match, and the audience present, especially during the establishment of sports tournaments.
This research aims to investigate the emotional arousal of the coaches and football players of the youth forums in Diyala and the extent of this variable's relationship to the team's arrangement in the youth forums championship.
The research assumes that there is a discrepancy in the emotional arousal index of coaches and players, because the players are more emotionally aroused than the coaches.
The researchers used: The descriptive approach in the style of survey studies within his study, due to its suitability to the subject of the research study. 30) a player from the youth forums, as the sample was distributed to six youth forums (Baquba Youth Forum, Al-Khalis, Kanaan, Khan Bani Saad, Mandali, Baladruz) for Diyala youth football clubs.

At the present time the genetic fingerprint is considered one of the most important evidences of criminal evidence as it is superior to evidence and one of the means of knowing the truth that does not leave room for doubt which prompted many countries to recognize it in order to find solutions to many criminal facts, no matter how diverse they are However. The legitimacy and adoption of DNA technology in some cases raises a number of difficulties and issues as to the utilization of innovation as proof in the certification or denial and this requires the development of legislation to simplify the procedures for working with it in order to decipher the circumstances of crimes and identify of the perpetrators. and at the same time protect people in society from the abuse that results from the misuse of the fingerprint.

The present study displays the influence and situation in the Jewish religion through the Book of Job. The issue of being influenced by pagan religions in the Jewish religion through the Book of Job is a model for this influence that affected this religion and the resulting development, distortion and change of the teachings of this Jewish religion revealed from God, where he presented what was mentioned in the Book of Job about the personality of Job. We explained the nature of this personality and compared it to the personality of the Prophet Ayoub mentioned in the Holy Qur’an, and how can a prophet have the characteristics mentioned in the book of Ayoub, the least of which are described as arrogant. God Almighty is not commensurate with his being a prophet, just as his character was presented in the Qur’an and his patience and facing God’s affliction with patience, supplication, supplication, and submission to God Almighty, which is commensurate with what characterizes God’s prophets and their morals. Information that seems to be affected by pagan religions, especially the ancient Egyptian religion, and that this book is written and not heavenly from God, and even a writer influenced by much of what he wrote from Egyptian paganism, whether in what he mentioned of animals or the ethics of dealing with the same God, and he indicated that what many claims among the owners of the Arab-Islamic culture in our Arab environment, those who describe the religion of the Jews as heavenly, make a big mistake when they describe the Jewish religion as heavenly to our present time, despite its predominant influence on pagan religions and the resulting development, distortion and change of the law of God Almighty.

The scientific revolution that our contemporary world has witnessed, especially the development in reproductive medicine or artificial fertilization, has become a societal and realistic reality, not a mere fantasy that any couple resorts to, who are late in achieving childbearing and were unable to achieve it naturally, so that they have no choice but to go to specialized centers that carry out the fertilization process for them in order to achieve childbearing. A child, and the couple and the fertilization center must establish interaction and agreement between them to complete the process, and given that this process affects the moral, legitimate and legal aspects, it was necessary for an officer to govern it, so this officer for this interaction must invoke a legal contract that organizes it and draws for him ways to be knowledgeable of what he is about to do , and this contract is the contract of the two a legal contract that has subjectivity and a special nature that gives it the status of legitimacy if the religious, moral and legal aspect is taken into account so that it does not violate public order and etiquette by obeying and complying with general and special controls that characterize it. Keeping up with this medical knowledge of childbearing by the new methods by creating a legal system that governs and regulates them with a legal contract. There is no doubt that this leads us to the stability of the legal base through the emergence of new legal branches to fill the legislative void, as well as to keep our society in line with the development and openness to the
outside world.

The world saw astonishing advancement in all everyday issues, and this raised a few contemplations about the harms coming about because of this astonishing advancement in the field of PCs programming, and what is called information technology. Apart from the proper uses of these systems and the amazing development in all areas of life, it may result in the development of advanced crimes that have a negative impact on people. Informatics crime is characterized by scientific and technical development in the current era and its adoption of a technical dimension in the field of informatics, as it differs from traditional crimes in terms of the place of criminal behavior committed by the criminal and the methods and means used in it, and as a result, laws must be enacted to confront this type of criminal behavior.

The current study aimed to identify the impact of electronic commercial advertisements on the consumer behavior of students of the University of Diyala, through the method of advertisements followed by social media in displaying their commercial advertisements to affect the consumer behavior of the citizens in general and the Iraqi university student in particular, as well as to identify the most important topics that focused on electronic commercial advertisements in social media, including the study sample (Facebook, Instagram and Telegram), and reflecting the impact of electronic advertising through the means of communication Electronic on consumer behavior. The researcher relied her research on observation and questionnaire tools as the main tool being the most tools that allowed the collection of information about the respondents, but the most important conclusions reached by the researcher are: -
Commercial advertisements tended through Iraqi electronic social networking sites to focus on influencing the consumer and his purchasing behavior by displaying display ads and short and quick videos containing elements of advertising attraction. The research conclusions also revealed the conviction of the majority of research samples from Diyala University students that commercial advertisements through websites and means of communication are characterized by their technical, technical and editorial methods better than the rest of the other advertising and media means, such as magazines, newspapers and some satellite television channels, which have a place among the local audience (Iraqi student) and have a role in influencing their consumer behavior. The research also recommended the need to circulate the results of the current study to companies and commercial institutions governmental and private to adopt them in the production of commercial advertisements whose objectives are related to influencing consumer behavior, as well as the recommendation of those in charge of communication in the various media to the need to follow advertising standards in the manufacture and processing of electronic commercial advertisements in a moderate manner.

The idea of the research lies in focusing on the logical relationship of the parties to the contract concluded between them and the extent to which the balance is achieved in the obligations in this contract. Balance, as the civil law obliges the parties not to exceed their conditions of legal logic, and here we focus on the extent to which the law achieves this balance and limiting the parties’ freedom to exchange contractual obligations in accordance with logic.

Unemployment is a severe issue that affects a large portion of the national labor force. It is detrimental to the community's numerous facets, the economic, the social, and the political. From this standpoint, this research focuses on the phenomenon of unemployment in Diyala governorate that forms the central part of Eastern Iraq and has a population of 1,626,000, with an unemployment rate of not less than 32%. The investigation seeks to pinpoint the root reasons of the governorate's unemployment. The research relied on data from a sample of 1500 unemployed people; the questionnaire was distributed to the administrative unit of the governorate during the month of February 2021 and used the descriptive and experimental analysis method through the use of SPSS program. The most important result of the research is the high percentage of unemployed males 69% and females 31%. The main reasons for the high unemployment rate in the governorate are the lack of sufficient work opportunities, seasonality of work, mediation and favoritism, long distance between residency place and workplace and the lack of experience and skills. Due to these results, the researcher recommends the increase of the investments in order to provide job opportunities, eliminating financial and administrative corruption, linking education to the requirement of market needs, and developing advanced training programs compatible with the market needs.

It has become a duty of the media to play a major role in caring for societal activities related to democratic practice, caring for educational aspects, and exposing corruption and political and democratic deviation, as it is the oversight body that exercises a supervisory role on the work of governments in various societies as well as exercising its role as a personal guard and a helper for society. From this point of view, the research will reveal what results in media work in light of these technologies in a transitional country where democracy thrives and recovers when the practices highlighted by the elections in both its parliamentary and local forms succeed, and that success requires the media as an authority and a basic and immediate influence on the formation and industry of public opinion towards many issues that may lead public opinion to reject or change prevailing stereotypes of mistrust or political indolence .

This research explored the relationship between intellectual capital and its impact on achieving a competitive advantage in the knowledge of economy, specifically in municipal departments. The study tested hypotheses using the statistical analysis program SPSS. The results indicated a significant relationship between investment in intellectual capital and the ability of government departments to deliver exceptional services to the community. The F test showed a highly significant level at 0.01, with a value of 12.739. The coefficient of determination was 0.581 and the β coefficient was 0.193, indicating that a change in intellectual capital by one unit is associated with a 0.193 change in exceptional service delivery to society. The regression constant (α) was 2.997.

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Using the descriptive survey technique on a purposefully selected sample of 30 basketball players from three teams, the study seeks to determine the association between psychological endurance and various components of complex physical fitness among players in the Iraqi basketball league, Mesopotamia Club, Shahrban Club, and Darbandikhan Club out of (12) participants’ clubs in the Iraqi clubs League for junior women’s basketball, which is held in the closed hall in the city of Sulaymaniyah in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, from 10-14/9/2022. The ages range of the participants was between 14 - 18 years, with a percentage of 25% of the research community. The researchers used the measure of psychological endurance and tests of strength endurance, speed endurance, and strength characterized by speed. The most important results showed that there is a direct positive relationship between psychological endurance and both strength endurance, speed endurance, and strength characterized by speed. The researchers recommended the need to pay attention to developing psychological endurance as an important variable in preparing female players to engage in sports competitions, appearing at a high level, using research variables, conducting similar research on both sexes, and using other physical fitness elements.

The research is an attempt to find out the reality of the Iraqi public's use of social networking sites, so its importance comes in identifying the extent of satisfaction achieved from the use of social networking sites, or the public's desire to spread this type of media based on their experience in using these sites, as well as knowing the information they wish to share. With the public, is this information real or not, and also knowing the level of trust they feel towards these sites. The research problem was summarized in knowing the reality of the use of social networking sites by the Iraqi public and the confidence in it and its ability to maintain the confidentiality of its information and its importance to the public as one of the most important sources of information on which it depends. The researcher used an electronic questionnaire tool that was presented to the sample in the various governorates of Iraq through a number of social networking sites and through them to the rest of the sample. The most important results came to confirm that the vast majority of the public owns more than one site and that Facebook is the most important to them and that they share a postal address and the personal photos ,are largely with the members, and the most exciting topics for them were the contents of the videos then advice, and they prefer entertaining and interesting topics over the rest of the political, religious . and other topics

Commercial mediation is considered one of the commercial activities mentioned in the form of a commercial project. A commercial mediation contract is defined as “a contract whereby a person undertakes to perform a specific work for the account of another person in return for a commission without being affiliated with him, i.e., to manage and supervise him.” If one of them fails, the contract is considered invalid, and it is characterized by many characteristics. It is a consensual contract that does not require any formal conditions for its conclusion, except that it is sufficient for the contracting parties to agree through the conjunction of the offer with acceptance, and it is also considered a netting contract because each of the contracting parties takes in it a consideration for what he gave, in addition to that it is a form of a binding contracts for both sides, and it is one of the contracts based on independence, and also the commercial mediation contract is considered one of the commercial contracts because doing mediation is the subject of the contract and mediation is considered a professional business, and it is also considered one of the contracts of fixed value and duration because its parties can determine the time of its concluding, they can also decide when to meet and know how much to take or give. As for the legal nature of the commercial mediation contract, opinions differed about its adaptation. There are those who said that it is one of the unnamed contracts and another opinion sees it is an agency contract, and other sees it as a service-sale contract, yet another opinion sees it as a contracting contract. Through these opinions, it can be said that the commercial mediation contract is nothing but a contractor’s contract because they are distinguished by common characteristics.

The conclusion of financial transactions electronically raises many problems that may arise between its parties due to the medium through which it takes place, provided that these transactions include in their contracts a clause stating the possibility of resolving disputes by electronic arbitration, or the parties agree to resort to electronic arbitration after the dispute has occurred, that is, the parties to the dispute agree to resort to electronic arbitration either within a special condition of the contract, but there is nothing to prevent the agreement on arbitration being contained within a document containing the arbitration clause and considering it an integral part of the contract or in the terms of the original contract, but what counts is the agreement before the dispute arose, or the agreement of the parties to resort to arbitration in a dispute has already arisen between them, and it is subject to the general rules that regulate the provisions of the electronic contract, which is conducted through electronic means, that is, the contract concluded remotely takes place through the exchange of goods and services between the supplier and the consumer through the special rules that regulate the sale via the Internet until the completion of the contract.

The great radical transitions demonstrated the ability of the new Russian Federation to assume a distinguished place in international interactions, and that Russia's strong presence on the international arena, along with its insistence on creating a multipolar world, is based on the elements of real power. The elements of this power can be observed in all economic, political and security fields, and among the features It is characterized by the Russian strategy, and its fairness to building the foundations of the nation-state and reforming the economic situation, and that the new Russian role that the country’s strategic capabilities allow is within the borders of Asia, Europe and the competition of the United States of America. Russia’s restoration of its position as one of the major active powers in the international system, as well as the Russian political support for Arab issues, prospects for cooperation in the economic, military and technological field, which serves the interests of the Arab and Russian parties .

By reviewing the historical roots of the Iraqi-Kuwaiti conflict, it becomes clear that the border is one of the reasons for the collision and the tension of friendly relations between the two countries. The Iraqis have always viewed their borders with Kuwait as caused by colonial interests, and that they should be adjusted for the benefit of Iraq and the Iraqi people, and Iraq has expressed its desire to establish a port in Kuwait to become an outlet on the Gulf., but Britain opposed the transfer of ownership of the entire course of Khawr Abdullah to it except after Iraq ceded part of its lands to the Sheikh of Kuwait, and in 1961 Britain ceded its control In Kuwait's foreign relations according to a new agreement that negotiations took place between Britain's envoy and the Sheikh of Kuwait .

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Resignation is a direct and exceptional way to voluntarily terminate membership in Parliament. It begins with expressing the member’s editorial desire to leave the parliamentary position of his own free will and choice. Resignation is a right of a member of Parliament and is permissible if its reasons are related to the public interest and it is not intended to disrupt the work of the legislative institution whose approval must be obtained in order for to be valid. The deputy often resorts to leaving the prosecution of his own will and submitting a request for his resignation when he finds that the atmosphere is no longer conducive for him to perform his assigned role to the fullest. In other cases, the deputy is forced to submit his resignation at the request of the head of his party or parliamentary bloc. For political reasons that are beyond the will of the MP, therefore, the political regimes have been keen to regulate the right to resign and its procedures, and the lack of regulations of this right makes the door open to interpretation and diligence in how and when to exercises it by the MP especially since the constitution referred the matter of replacing members of the House of Representatives to the law, and the law was issued free from the regulation of resignation procedures, in order to clarify how to use this right and its impact on parliamentary work, the topic was selected and studied in a comparative analytical manner.