Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is a common disease that affected the reproductive problem. Aim: the study tried to determine the association between PCOS with the body mass index (BMI) and the effect of metformin as treatment for PCOS.
Patients and Methods: This case control prospective experimental study was carried out in Kirkuk General Hospital from January 2014 to July 2014. The recruited cases divided into three groups; Group I, 68 women with normal menstrual cycle as control group; Group II, 61 cases diagnosed as a PCOS; and Group III :- 30 cases selected from group two to receive treatment with Metformin to determine the effect of the treatment on different variables. Results: The highest percentage of PCOS (36.1%) was found in those with age group between (20-25) years. Most (65.6%) of PCOS subjects were with overweight or obese. BMI mean value was (28.92±6.68) in women with PCOS, while in control the corresponding value was (25.09±4.35). FSH, and testosterone were significantly higher in women with PCOS than in control. Metformin reduced serum FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone, with non-significant difference. Conclusion: PCOS is independently associated with elevated BMI. Metformin treatment of PCOS induced t reduction in serum testosterone and FSH, LH and serum prolactin but not reach significant level. This warranted performance a large scale clinical trial to evaluate the therapeutic effect of metformin alone or in combination with diet control approach for treatment of PCOS. These findings have implications for the pathophysiology of obesity development and management in PCOS

The experiment was conducted in one of horticulture station through the season 2013-2014 , to study the response of Trigonella foenum - graecum to spraying with high potassium Miller and high phosphor Agroleaf , the experiment was including six treatment comparison was results from the interaction between two factors , the first one spraying with high potassium Miller with three levels (0, 250, 400) gm. 100L-1, The second spraying with high phosphor Agroleaf in two levels (0, 400) gm, 100 L-1, replicated three times gave eighteen experiment units. R.C.B.D. was choosen in factorial experiment , the results compared in Duncan test at 5%. Results are summarized that high potassium spraying (400gm . 100L-1) and high phosphor Agroleaf spraying second level 400gm. 100L-1 gave highest value (35.58, 5.66, 12.16, 11.5, 305.5) and (36.05, 5.77, 11.33, 11.11, 297.3) compared with the control treatment in vegetative growth characters and yield (plant height , branches numbers , bods numbers, seeds numbers, total yield), interaction between high potassium spraying miller 400gm 100L-1 + agroleaf 400gm 100L-1 gave increasing to other treatment in all vegetative growth characters and yield (39, 7.33, 18.33, 14, 310.7) .

The study designed to show the antimicrobial activity of cinnamomum zeylanicum extract against P. mirabilis. The present study was divided to two parts, the first part (invitro) including sensitivity test of P. mirabilis against extract and amoxicillin. where, the results of inhibition efficacy of extract toward P. mirabilis showed very high inhibition efficacy of extract, which reached to 30 mm, while amoxicillin showed non inhibition effect against bacterial growth. In the second part (in vivo) used 20 albino mice Mus musculus that divide randomly to four groups (each group consist 5 mice), first group; control group administrated only normal diet and water, second group; injected intraperitoneally with (2x108 CFU/ml), third group; injected intraperitoneally with (2 x 108 CFU/ ml) and treated with amoxicillin, forth group; injected intraperitoneally with (2 x 108 CFU/ ml) and treated with extract. The urea and creatinine levels were increased and showed high significant changes (P < 0.01) in groups (second, third) compared with control group but its back to normal when treated with extract. The microscopic examination showed many changes in kidneys of groups (second, third) including damage glomerulus, convolute tubules, fibrosis, and infiltration of lymphocytes, congestion and thickening wall of blood vessels. The kidneys tissue in forth group showed recovery in the glomerulus and convolute tubules. It was concluded from this study that the cinnamomum zeylanicum has been antimicrobial activity against P. mirabilis.

This study was conducted to evaluate the protoscolicidal effect of four plants alcoholic extracts on protoscoleces of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus in vitro. The plants that had been used in this study were: Viscum album (Mistletoe) and Prunus armeniaca (Apricot bitter kernels) with concentrations of 375, 750 and 1500 mg/ml, also Syzygium aromaticum (Clove flower buds) and Capsicum frutescence (Chili pepper) with concentrations of 375, 750 and 1500 µg/ml. All extracts were treated at four periods (15, 30, 45 and 60 min.).
In vitro, the high percentage of protoscoleces killing was observed in V. album alcoholic extract (80.7%) in the high concentration 1500 mg/ml at 60 min., and the lowest percentage of protoscoleces killing (62%) was in the concentration 375 mg/ml at 15 min.
P. armeniaca alcoholic extract high percentage of killing (70.2%) was also at the high concentration 1500 mg/ml at 60 min., and the lowest percentage of protoscoleces killing (50.4 %) at the concentration 375 mg/ml at 15 min.
The high percentage of protoscoleces killing of alcoholic extract of S. aromaticum (73.7%) was at the concentration 1500 µg/ml at 60 min. and the lowest percentage (58.7%) was at the concentration 375 µg/ml at 15 min.
C. frutescence alcoholic extract high percentage of protoscoleces killing (71.4 %) was at the concentration 1500 µg/ml at 60 min. and the lowest percentage (40.6 %) was at the concentration 375 µg/ml at 15 min.

This study was aimed to recognize the morphological description and histological structure of the kidney in hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus). The morphological results showed that the kidney has a small bean shape and reddish brown color. It was situated on both side of the anterior lumbar vertebra in the abdominal cavity behind the peritoneum. The kidney was surrounded by connective tissues capsule. Histological results clarify that the kidney was characterized by two an regions, outer called cortex and inner called medulla. Glomeruli densely distributed in the cortex region with mean diameter of 78 µm, also the cortex contains segments of proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules. On the other hand the medulla region consist of both thick and thin segments of Henle’s loop in addition to sections of collecting tubules which forms radial structures which are known as the medullary rays. The histological results also showed that, the renal corpuscle is formed by the glomeruli that is surrounded by Bowman’s capsule, the proximal convoluted tubules, Henle’s loop, the distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules. The proximal convoluted tubules connected with Bowman’s capsule and lined by simple cuboidal epithelial tissue based on a basement membrane while the free surface was covered with brush border. The results demonstrated that thin segments of the Henley’s loop were started from the end of the proximal convoluted tubule, extend inside of the medulla and lined by simple squamous epithelial tissue. Whilst the thick segments of the Henle’s loop were lined by simple cuboidal epithelial tissue. The current study clarify that, the distal convoluted tubules were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium rested on basement membrane and the free surface covered by small protrusions. Furthermore, the histological examination revealed that the collecting tubules were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and the free surface of its cells had a cover of a few and short protrusions.

This study was conducted for the isolation of some microbial cause tooth decay and determine the risk factors related to caries. 91 sample collected from teeth (plaques or swabs from dental caries), (41) sample from children (6-14) years and (50) sample from adult (15-70) years, subdivided into (30) sample associated with risk factors and (20) sample without risk factors. A total of 61 isolates were identified in which 38 isolates (41.75%) were S. aureus, 16 isolates (17.58%) were Streptococcus spp. and 7 isolates (7.69%) were identified as Candida

Our study includes the estimation of absolute number of T-lymphocytes by using (E-rosette) test in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia. The study included the collection of (20 )blood samples from individuals Type I ,II diabetes mellitus, ten of them were of type one I others of type II, with age range between (8-55)years and of both sexes. Blood samples from healthy individuals as control samples were used as well. The study showed a significant decrease in absolute numbers of T-lymphocytes in diabetic patients when compared with control and also a significant reduction in the absolute number in type I and type II diabetic patients compared with control, our result suggest that there is a defect in T-lymphocytes numbers in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia.

In the present study, the histological effect of melatonin (MEL) on pinealectomized (PINx) and normal rats’ testes was investigated. Thirty six adult male rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into six experimental groups as follow: 1¬¬st control group; 2nd sham-operated surgery rats group; 3rd PINx rats group, 4th PINx rats+MEL (60 mg / Kg diet) group; 5th control rats+MEL (60 mg / Kg diet) group; and 6th control rats+MEL (120 mg / Kg diet) group and the treatments were continued for six weeks. The result showed mild histological changes in testicular tissue of sham-operated surgery rats, like shrinkage and atrophy of seminiferous tubules (STs) and weakness in spermatogenesis. While, in PINx rats revealed regressive changes in testicular tissue, like sever degeneration, vacuolation and necrosis in germinal epithelium and no spermatogenesis. But as PINx rats were given MEL 60 mg/kg diet, the testicular structure and function were recovered, whereas, in normal rats were given MEL 60 and 120 mg/kg diet, the result show sever vacuolation and sloughing of spermatocytes inside STs lumen and no spermatogenesis at rats+60 MEL and mild edema with well development of germinal epithelium and spermatogenesis at rats+120 MEL. In conclusion, the deficiency of MEL level leads to change in histology and physiological activities of rat testes

Radiographic examination is one of the principal diagnostic methods used in all fields of medical and dental services. The incidence of chromosomal aberrations was evaluated in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 50 individuals who worked in different dental colleges and clinics in Erbil City. This research was donning between March to September 2016. Blood samples were collected also from 20 individuals as control group, that were not exposed to any diagnostic radiations. An attempt was done to find the relationship between the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and smoking habit. The radiographers showed a significant increase of chromosomal aberrations as compared to control group at both probability level (P< 0.01, P< 0.05), but significant decreases in mitotic index were shown. The highest value of chromosomal aberrations was chromatid gap and lowest value of mitotic index were found both observed in dental radiographers who were smoker with duration of exposure for more than 10 yrs.

Xanthine oxidase (XO) was purified from sera of patients with renal failure by using ammonium sulfate and dialysis with a specific activities 2.1×10-3 and 5.6×10-3 unit/mg protein respectively. By using anion exchange chromatography techniques, One protein peak of XO activity was obtained with specific activity 78×10-3unit/mg protein and with purification fold of 134.02 compared to crude enzyme. One isoenzyme was obtained having a molecular weight of 255344 Dalton approximately.
Inhibition of purified XO was studied by deferent concentrations of Theophylline and Metronidazole drugs. The maximal inhibitory effect was exhibited with 70 and 80µM Theophylline and 16 and 18 mM metronidazole.
The inhibition type of XO by Theophylline was competitive. Vmax value was 0.0416 unit/ml, and Km value without inhibitor was 0.833 mM, however values were 2 and 2.85 mM, and inhibition constant Ki values were 29.57 and 23.67 mM respectively with 70 and 80µM of Theophylline.
The inhibition type of XO by Metronidazole was non competitive. Km value 0.833 mM and Vmax value without inhibitor was 0.0416 unit/ml. However, Vmax values were 0.027 and 0.023 unit/ml and inhibition constant Ki values were 17 and 19mM by using 16 and 18 mM of Metronidazole respectively

The complexes containing mixed of ligands [5-(3-chlorophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione(CPoxSH)] and diphosphines Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 (diphos)(n=1-4), are prepared by the reaction of [Hg(CPoxS)2] or [M(H2O)2(CPoxS)2] (M = Co, Ni ) with one mole proportion of the diphosphine Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 gave tetrahedral complexes of the type [Hg(CPoxS)2(diphos)]. While gave an octahedral complexes with cobalt(II) and nickel(II) ions of the type [M(H2O)(CPoxS)2(diphos)] when (M = Co and Ni ) receptivity.
The prepared complexes were characterized by molar conductivity, elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C-{1H} and 31P-{1H} n.m.r.

This research included the use of azido D-Mannitol (3) to synthesize 1,2,3 triazole derivatives. Azido D – Mannitol (3) itself used as an intermediate which was prepared from reaction of 1, 2:5, 6-Di-o-isopropylidene-3,4-di-p-tosyl-D-Mannitol (2) with sodium azide. The prepared compound (3) was allowed to react with alkenes for the formation of corresponding 1,2,3 triazole (4a-e ).
The structures of some prepared compounds were confirmed by physical properties and spectroscopic methods FT-IR , 1H-NMR , 13C-NMR and Mass spectra in addition to use TLC.

A number of 3-(substituted)-5-(2((4-chlorobenzyl)oxy)-5-(m-tolyldizenyl) pheny l) pyrazoline (3a-j) have been synthesized by benzyloxation of hydroxyl group to give the substrate 2-((4-chlorobenzyl)oxy)-5-(m-tolyldizenyl) benzaldehyde (1). The compound (1) has been treated with different substituted acetophenone to give a new series of chalcone derivatives 1-(substituted)-3-(2-((4-chlorobenzyl)oxy)-5-(m-tolyldiazenyl) phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (2a-j). The chalcone derivatives have been treated with hydrazine hydrate according to Michael addition reaction to afford a series of new pyrazoline derivatives. The characterization of the newly synthesized compounds elucidated by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 13C-DEPT and elemental analyses.

Detailed petrological investigation of the organic matter has been performed using polished sections examined under incident light microscopy on the Lower Carboniferous Ora formation in Akkas field to characterize the nature and origin of the contained organic matter in the shale beds. Microscopical investigations reveal that the organic matter consists of mixed terrestrial and marine organic matter. Marine organic matter represented by alginite and bituminte; whereas terrestrial is represented predominantly by sporinite, and minor amounts of vitrinite.

The Study aims to evaluate the suitability of quaternary deposits in AL-Alam area as filling materials in earth fill dams. The geotechnical properties of deposits for three stations show that the type of soil is (ML) and the curves of grain size analyses confirm the curve of Zone C., while the ratio of total dissolved salts(TDS) and gypsum contents ranges between (2.71-8.61)% and (0.18-0.68)% respectively The values of liquid limit and plastic limit ranges between (40.2-44.7)% and (10.5-13.7)% respectively. According to Iraqi specification, the deposits of station (3) are suitable for filling materials in earth dams, while the geotechnical properties of the deposits in the stations (1) and(2) are within the specifications ranges except the ratios of (TDS).

The aim of this paper is to modify and improve the corresponding weakness results of multi-fuzzy complex numbers as an extension of fuzzy complex numbers, next we introduce and study the generalized multi-fuzzy complex numbers C ̅ and get some results. Lastly, we discuss the derivative of functions mapping complex numbers C into C ̅ as an extension of fuzzy complex derivatives.

Data mining and classification are most research idea that used in many topics by researchers. This study presents the comparison of three algorithms for classifications such as (Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine), applying for social media usage dataset by NYC, to get the best result of the classification algorithm that can classify the instances according to the platforms. The final result of this research refer to the Support Vector Machine returned the best result among these techniques.

The aim of this work is to estimate the effect of potassium radiation on soil in Nineveh governorate using some methods of numerical interpolation. We used (Neville, and Hermite) methods and obtained mathematical models by which we quantified the effect of radiation on soil in Nineveh governorate. The deductible results were very close to the real results. We then estimated the effect of potassium radiation on soil in Nineveh governorate outside the field measured areas

There have been several supervised classification attempts for mammograms in the recent times, but very few research works have focused on unsupervised classification to explore its potentialities and weaknesses. I have in this paper attempted to utilize unsupervised clusters to classify malignant, and benign mammograms samples. MiniMIAS database has total 322 mammogram images out which 64 are benign and 51 are malignant. I used 115 images for my experimentation i.e. 64 benign and 51 malignant. Out of these 115, 60% were used for training and 40% for testing. Therefore from 64 benign cases 39 images were used for training and rest for testing, and out of 51 malignant cases 31 images were used for training and rest for testing., the classifications was done on the bases of the features selected using genetic algorithm. Attempts have also been made to study the performance of each feature selected by Genetic Algorithm (GA) in classification. The initially identified clusters using K-means are used to classify 60 unknown samples using k-NN. The proposed work got reasonably good results with 96.23% accuracy for malignant samples, 95.37% for benign. The proposed work can help the radiologists and oncologist as second opinion during screening sessions for early detection

In recent days, the need to provide reliable data transmission over Internet traffics or cellular mobile systems becomes very important. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) represents the prevailing protocol that provide reliability to data transferring in all end-to-end data stream services on the Internet and many of new networks. TCP congestion control has become the key factor manipulating the behavior and performance of the networks. TCP sender can regulates the size of the congestion window (CWND) using the congestion control mechanism and TCP dynamically adjust the window size depending on the packets acknowledgment (ACK) or by indicates the packets losses when occur. TCP congestion control includes two main phases, slow-start and congestion avoidance and these two phases even work separately, but the combination of them controls CWND and the packet injection to the network pipe. Congestion avoidance and slow-start are liberated mechanisms and using unlike objectives, but if the congestion happens, they are executed together. This article provides an efficient and reliable congestion avoidance mechanism to enhancing the TCP performance in large-bandwidth low-latency networks. The proposed mechanism also includes a facility to send multiple flows over same connection with a novel technique to estimate the number of available flows dynamically, where the all experiments to approving the proposed techniques are performed over the network simulation NS-2.