Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Science

Cyprideis torosa is recorded for the first time in east Al-Hammar marshes and it was collected from three stations (Al-Sallal, Al-Nagara and Al-Masʼhab) in east of Al-Hammar marshes between January and December 2021. The ecological parameters measured were water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, salinity and turbidity and were related to the presence or absence of the species in question.

The study of the biochemical composition of zooplankton, which constitutes an important part of the food chain, is an accurate criterion for the nutritional importance of these organisms, as they constitute the basic food for fish in their various stages of growth and other aquatic organisms of economic value. The present study aims to describe the significance of biochemical composition of marine zooplankton from Khour Al-Zubair. This study investigates the biochemical structure of zooplankton by studying their contents of proteins, lipids, ash, moisture and carbohydrates in the Iraqi marine waters (Khour Al-Zubair Port) during the period from August to December 2016. This has been accompanied by studying the water temperature and salinity. The results showed that the protein content of the zooplankton were 19.23 – 22.31 %, ash amounted to 3.86 – 4.45 %, while the lipids were 6.27 – 7.18 %, moisture were 65.82 –70.12 % and the carbohydrates 0.25 – 0.47 % wet weight.

This work aim at isolation and identification of the dominant bacteria present in the oil polluted soil, as well as deposited the new isolates in the GeneBank. Some chemical parameters of contaminated soil were measured. Ten isolates were identified and characterized depending on the biochemical tests, as well as genetic characteristics using 16S rRNA gene comparing with reference isolates in the GeneBank, and through the detection of base pair sequence variations. These new local isolates were deposited in a GenBank under a new accession numbers; (OK576381.1, OK662612, OK662613, OK662614, OK662615, OK662616, OK662617, OK662618, OK662619, OK662620). Mineral salts medium (MSM) broth supported with crude oil as only source of carbon was adopted to isolate the bacteria. Culture media were supported with the same chemical parameters as the soil samples in order to simulate the physiochemical criteria of the environment. The successfully identified and recorded genera related to the above accession numbers were; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter radioresistens, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas putida, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas guariconensis, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Bacillus foraminis, Pseudomonas stutzeri.

The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of different salinity levels on the juveniles of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L). the fishes were acclimatized and fed on commercial fish diet for one week before starting the experiment which lasted for 75 days. Four salinity levels were used as 5 NaCl, 10 NaCl and 15 NaCl PSU in treatment 1, 2 and 3 while the salinity level of control was 2.5 NaCl PSU. Each treatment was replicated thrice with 8 fishes. Other parameters such as sodium ions were significantly higher and the potassium were significantly lower in 5 NaCl, 10 NaCl and 15 NaCl PSU compared to the control Group. While the highest value for total protein and globulin was in salinity 2.5 PSU and the highest value for albumin in salinity (15) PSU, while cholesterol and glucose concentrations were the highest values at salinity 2.5 with regard to enzymes ALT and AST, the highest value were in salinity 15 PSU.

Mathematical model (Munaf Q. 2019) was developed to predict the intrusion of salt into the Shatt Al-Arab River, which addresses the problem of the difficulty of measurements and prediction of the level of salinity along the Shatt Al-Arab River during the measurement period and in a very short time, where it is possible to identify the level of salinity along the Shatt Al-Arab River when it changes at the estuary. In this article, a mathematical model was used with an automatic computing system to predict the penetration of the salt intrusion into the Shatt Al-Arab, based on the development of a previous mathematical model. The results obtained through the application of the model showed that there is a great convergence between the results at a high level and at most of the stations under study (Al-Fadaqhiyah, Seyhan, Basrah, Al-Hartha) for the field-measured values with the theoretical values respectively, as follows: 27-26 ppt., 2.6-2.9 ppt., 1.85-1.96 ppt., 0.86-0.92 ppt., when the flow is 50m3/sec. When the flow is 5m3/sec, the results are as follows: 30.4-30.2 ppt., 25.3-25.1 ppt., 11.4-12.6 ppt., 1.50-1.97 ppt., Therefore the adoption of this mathematical model can be enhanced to predict the penetration of the salt as a result of any situation that may occur at any time along the Shatt Al-Arab River. The reason for using mathematical models is because it is an easy, cheap and fast way of obtaining the desired results to address some of the problems that occur for many reasons, the most important of which are direct events that may occur as a result of a sudden change in the variables dependent on them.

Iron nanoparticles were synthesized by wet method. The reaction was done using iron salts as a source of iron, glucose was used as a reducing agent and trisodium citrate was used as a capping agent. The synthesized iron nanoparticles were added to hay powder in order to increase the desorption efficiency of hay. A new adsorption system contains iron nanoparticles–Hay was applied for removal of cadmium from polluted waters. The formation of iron nanoparticles was monitored using sevral instruments; UV-Vis spectra showed iron nanoparticles formation by exhibiting the characteristic surface plasmon absorption maximum at 350 nm. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to identify the size and the morphology of iron nanoparticles. The images indicate that the synthesis of iron nanoparticles were in the range of 15-80 nm and were spherical in shape. The synthesized iron nanoparticles were applied for removal of heavy metals such as cadmium from polluted waters and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) was used for determination of the concentrations of cadmium before and after the addition of iron nanoparticles.

The current study was conducted in the north of Basra to show the state of contamination and how it is affected by different pollutants. including heavy elements and some important environmental indicators of the soil. The study period extended from September 2021 to June 2022 to determine the concentrations of some heavy metals in the soil in (wet-dry) where six elements were estimated, namely zinc, copper, lead, nickel, cadmium, and Iron in the exchangeable phase and the residual phase of the soil Heavy elements have been extracted by standard methods and determined by using an atomic absorption spectrometer, as well as the determination of total carbon organic matter (TOC %) and soil texture. Total organic carbon results are shown in the current study in the soil, where the highest value of total organic carbon (TOC %) was recorded in the dry season in Al-Hawyer region station-1which has a value of 0.480 % and a rate of 0.207 % . The lowest value, was 0.02 % and recorded in the AL-Deer Nillage at station-5, with a rate of 0.183 % but the highest value of carbon in the total organic matter (TOC %) in the wet season was recorded in the Al-Nashwa region (0.615 %) at station with a rate of 0.355 % and the lowest value of 0.125 % was in the Al-Hawyer region station-1, and at a rate of 0.16%. The results of heavy metals for the study area in the soil in the dry season of the exchangeable phase showed that the highest rate of elements (zinc, copper, lead, nickel, cadmium and iron) 60.18, 53.37, 22.95, 57.86, 7.46 and 720 μg/g respectively and the lowest rates recorded were : 20.94, 15.01, 11.96, 23.81, 3.11 and 502.32 μg/g As for the results of heavy elements in the residual phase of the soil (zinc, copper, lead, nickel, cadmium and iron), it recorded the highest rates : 93.24, 20.78, 31.63, 77.82, 9.98 and 751 μg/g where the lowest recorded rates were : 47.29, 8.08, 17.19, 53.28, 9.98 and 550.86 μg/g respectively in the wet season. The heavy weight of the study area in the soil of the exchangeable phase showed that the highest rate of the elements zinc, copper, lead, nickel, cadmium, and iron was: 152.70, 25.35, 20.07, 88.32, 6.73, and 703 μg/g respectively, the lowest recorded rat 17.24, 2.03, 17.10, 20.11, 2.69 and 274 μg/g respectively. The results of heavy metals in the residual phase. The residual zinc element ranged rate between 5.04-41.84 μg/g while the copper element ranged from 0-23.99 μg/g and the lead element ranged from 12.16-24.22 μg/g as for nickel, it ranged between 39.73 and 62.95 μg/g and cadmium ranged from 5.31-10.70 μg/g finally rates of iron elements were also between 504.18 and 721 μg/g.