Journal of Physical Education

Volleyball is considered one of the modern sports compared to other sports. Yet it spread quickly. The aim of the research is to identify the important of Plyometrics on the development of muscular power and the improvement of the level of performing Block. The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (30) forth year college students of the department of Teaching. The subjects were divided into two equal groups. The researcher concluded that using some plyometric exercises significantly improved blocking as shown from pre and post tests of the experimental group. The results of post tests showed significant improvement in long jump, throwing the medicine ball and Blocking from position (3)

The aim of this study was to know the effects of Mental Imagination on Jump Shot in Basketball . Twenty youth basketball players took part in this study , age 15,2 ± 1,03 years , height 170,5 ±6,43 cm and weight 61,9 ± 2.84 kgs . After they did 20 jump shots (pretest) on day 1/12/2004, then this sample divided into tow groups , experimental and control group . The experimental group took ten workouts mental imagination about positive jump shooting after each practice sessions . After that the tow groups made 20 jump shooting on day 27/1/2004 ( post test ) the researcher used proper statistic methods to compare between pre and post tests results The researchers concluded that mental imagination has positive effects on developing jump shots , increase likely shooting success in basketball and strengthens player\\'s self-confidence by isolating him forum outside environment and interacting him with his inside environment .

Programmed and organized training based on modern
scientific knowledge has an essential role in reaching the highest
levels and results. The importance of the study lies in the effect of
using variation in muscular strength and flexibility training on the
development of motor response speed in goalkeepers of the ages 15 –
16 years old. The problem of the study lies in the coaches' weakness
and negligence in training muscular strength and flexibility. They
usually relay on ineffective traditional exercises that led researcher to
come up with such studies as this.
The study aimed at designing two various training programs
each for certain training; the first for training muscular strength while
the second aimed at training flexibility. The researcher also aimed at
identifying the effect of these training programs on the speed of
motor response speed in football goalkeepers.
The researcher hypothesized that muscular strength training
positively affect the speed of motor response speed in football
goalkeepers and is better than flexibility training.
The procedures:
The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects
were young goalkeepers of the ages 15 – 16 years old who represent
the specialized athletic school in Baghdad. They were divided into
tow groups. The pilot study was conducted followed by the pretests
conducted in 25/6/2008. The two training programs were designed
for both groups and were presented to experts in the field. The
experiment consisted of two parts; the main part was physical
preparation training sessions that took (40) minutes for each groupseparately starting from 28/6/2008 for (8) weeks training three days
per week. Finally the posttests were conducted in 20/8/2008.The
researcher used SPSS to treat the results.
Conclusions:
The researcher concluded the following:
1. Both of the experimental groups showed significant differences
and development in the results of the pre and posttests results in
favor of the posttests and for both groups in all tests understudy.
This showed the affectivity of the training programs on the speed
of motor response development.
2. There are significant differences in the posttests' results in favor
of the first group that used muscular strength training program in
power defined by speed, explosive power and the speed of motor
response development tests.
3. There are significant differences in the posttests results in favor of
the second group that used flexibility training program in trunk
flexion and shoulders flexibility.
4. There are no significant differences between the posttests results
of the two groups in arm extension and flexion for 10 seconds.
Recommendations:
Finally the researcher recommended the following:
1. The necessity of relaying on muscular strength and flexibility
training due to their great effect on the development of motor
response speed in football goalkeepers.
2. Using modern and standards programs that suit the demands of
young goalkeepers.
Making similar studies on other physical abilities on other ages of
football

The Importance of the Research relays on the level of some
physical and functional abilities of female individual and team sports
a matter that led coaches to select few female athletes to perform in
many sports. This fact led these few female athletes to have a high
level of physical and functional abilities compared to other female
athletes.
The Researchers used the deceptive Research. The subject
were (87) elite female athletes of team sports (Basketball, Handball
and Volleyball) and Individual sports (Gymnastics, athletics and
tennis) of the season (2008). Many physical and Functional tests have
been conducted to evaluate physical and Functional abilities. The
data was treated using proper statistical operation like mean, Standard
Deviation etc and through the results the Researchers Concluded the
following;
1. There is a Variance in the level of physical fitness among female
players in favor of Basketball and Handball players of team sports
and athletics players of individual sports.
2. There is a variance in the level of functional abilities among the
players in favor of Basketball and Handball players followed by
gymnastics and athletics players.
3. There are no significant differences in pulse variable for the
subjects of the study.
The Researchers Recommended making other Studies and
Researches about Women\'s sports to uplift the level of Women\'s sport
in Iraq

The study purpose:
This study is aimed at knowing the effect of mental training
that accompanies skill learning, and comparing it with a skillful
learning program to learn some of the Fundamental Skill of Boxing.
The study results:
Results indicated that there wan no significant difference
between the pre and posttest of imagination for the control group. There was a significant difference between the pre and
posttest of imagination for the experimental group. There was a
significant difference between the control and experimental groups in
the skill test and favor of the second group too.
These results emphasized the importance of the mental
training that accompanies skill learning relative to skill learning alone

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using and
imitating a living motor model in learning freestyle movements as
well as identifying the differences among experimental group that
used this model and the controlling group that did not use it. the
researcher used the experimental method. It includes the positive
effect of using and imitating a living motor model in learning the
movements of freestyle in swimming. There are significant statistical
differences between the controlling and the experimental groups in
the results of the test used. The researcher used freestyle swimming
tests taken from his MA thesis. The subjects were (24) students from
the college of physical education/university of Baghdad who do not
know how to swim. They were divided into two equal groups;
controlling group 12 students and experimental group 12 students.
The researcher concluded that using a living motor model has a
positive effect in learning freestyle swimming and the immediate
outside corrections has a positive effect on learning freestyle
swimming movements.
The researcher recommended using this living motor model
for teaching freestyle swimming movements. In addition to that, he
recommended the necessity of displaying and applying different
movements of freestyle swimming and mastering them on land before
entering into water. This will help the learner to perceive the
movement correctly and as well as having clear mental imagery about
performing it. Finally, he recommended the necessity of immediate
correction of mistakes and helping the learner to compare between
the wrong performance and the correct performance demonstrated by
a live model

The Knowledge of The Type of Relationship Between The
Physical Abilities and Skills Will helps The Coaches to identifiy the
terms of the training course and load components according to his
Scientific information, The aims of Research are:
· Know The Relation of Power and Movement Speed and Accuracy
in Football.
· The Subject of the Study Consist of (10) player Representing The
Youth League.
· There is a week Relation Between the power, Accuracy and
movement speed for Passing.
· The Player Whom has power not necessary to nave the Accuracy
and Movement Speed for Passing.

We can limited the problem of this research is that the most
physical fitness activities require from our students to have a good
quantity of physical fitness in order to prepare them to doing a
required performance in a good or medium average at lest. Because
we do not graduate a champions and that did not mean the high
fitness is not always required but on the contrary as the physical
fitness is very height with our students as they able to perform the
activities in a best ways in the end this will reflect when we teaching
others this activities and skills in a good manner and because some of
the students have a shortage with (and that is a big number) some
fitness elements and also the training units which agreed to learn
skills and its training is not enough to develop the physical fitness
element from this point the researcher has the idea to set a simple
training programs which can do it in any place with simple tools and
devices in a short time (simple to implemented) in a way that all
students can do it in any place to improve the physical fitness
elements and to know the relation between this element and the
digital level (achievement ) in some track and field events.
The study aimed to find the significant differences in some
physical fitness elements and the digital level for some tracks and
field events which agreed in this research also to know the
relationship between the physical fitness elements which relied in
digital level for some tracks and field events (run 110 m obstacles
triple jump and discus throw).
The researcher supposes that there is a significant difference
between pre and post tests in some physical fitness elements and the
digital level of some track and field activities which agreed in the
study for the sake of the post test. Also there is a moral contact
relationship between some physical fitness elements and digital level
of some tracks and field events which agreed in this research.

The Study was conducted on (30) pupils of fifth secondary in
Abu- aobeda abn al-jarah school in scholastic year (2008/2009) and
in age (17) years.
Results showed some significant differences between the pre
and post tests to some physiology variables for circulatory and
respiratory systems (HEART RATE, PWC170, Vo2MAX and
VITAL CAPACITY)
From these results this study finds also affect positive for the
training load to some physiology variables.

the search goals is knowing the effect of training program to
develop smash stroke in serve skill in tennis by use the practical way
and equal group where chooses randomly. the sample of research where from 4th sport collage 30
student experimental group (15), control group (15).
the program is taking (8) weeks with 16 untie8 weeks with 16
untie the time of each is (90) mints, the results are the program is
developing the flexibility of smash stroke in tennis therefore
Effective developments tennis serve

introduction & significance of the research
The upper mental operations will affect on level of the psychological
preparation For the players such as Attention , perception , mental
development and fist reaction and others , they are very important
elements in the fields of scientific research for the competition sport .
whereas the focus or attention and perception have significant roles in
the principles of performance t develop the level of the players of sport
specially the sport of joust because this is attacking game and
defending game in same time, therefore it needs high ability and sever
energy and faster movements with strong lading and high focusing the
attention has changed faster because the situation has changeable
continuously and the player most change his movements with high
attentions , but this movements may become so tardy (slowly) .
From this point of view the significance of the research came clear to
recommend to focus on the training and developing the ability tolerance
for the mental operations not for the competition only but for developing
the skills
2. The problem of the research
Basically on what had came in the introduction and the significance of the
research to focus on the develop the skills an t preparing new programs of
training the players of joust and t use several styles training in the
attacking or defense.
3. Research's Goals
- to make known the relationship between the reactions and the fixity
attention in unconscious of youths who are players Joust .There is relation between the reactions and the fixity attention in
unconscious of youths who are players Joust
5. Research's spheres
- human sphere
-timer sphere
- place sphere
Chapter two
It includes some of theoretical & similar studies
Chapter three
It contents the scientific programs and the practice procedures and the
tools or ways which used I the research .
Chapter four
This has showing the results and their analysis and making discussing or
the changing all
Chapter five
1. conclusions
to improve the theory of the research that there is relation between the
reactions and the fixity attention in unconscious of youths who are
players Joust
2. Recommended
We have fixed some recommended which are used at develop the
attention and moving reactions in new researches and similar studies
in the future.

introduction & significance of the research
The upper mental operations will affect on level of the psychological
preparation For the players such as Attention , perception , mental
development and fist reaction and others , they are very important
elements in the fields of scientific research for the competition sport .
whereas the focus or attention and perception have significant roles in
the principles of performance t develop the level of the players of sport
specially the sport of joust because this is attacking game and
defending game in same time, therefore it needs high ability and sever
energy and faster movements with strong lading and high focusing the
attention has changed faster because the situation has changeable
continuously and the player most change his movements with high
attentions , but this movements may become so tardy (slowly) .
From this point of view the significance of the research came clear to
recommend to focus on the training and developing the ability tolerance
for the mental operations not for the competition only but for developing
the skills
2. The problem of the research
Basically on what had came in the introduction and the significance of the
research to focus on the develop the skills an t preparing new programs of
training the players of joust and t use several styles training in the
attacking or defense.
3. Research's Goals
- to make known the relationship between the reactions and the fixity
attention in unconscious of youths who are players Joust .There is relation between the reactions and the fixity attention in
unconscious of youths who are players Joust
5. Research's spheres
- human sphere
-timer sphere
- place sphere
Chapter two
It includes some of theoretical & similar studies
Chapter three
It contents the scientific programs and the practice procedures and the
tools or ways which used I the research .
Chapter four
This has showing the results and their analysis and making discussing or
the changing all
Chapter five
1. conclusions
to improve the theory of the research that there is relation between the
reactions and the fixity attention in unconscious of youths who are
players Joust
2. Recommended
We have fixed some recommended which are used at develop the
attention and moving reactions in new researches and similar studies
in the future.