Journal Of Educational and Psychological Researches

Domestic violence , its causes and its effects on society ( women and children ) .
Aim of the research : the current research aims to identify :
1.reasons of family and social violence ( the child and women ).
2.How to treatment methods .

Research importance : Domestic violence of large and destructive problems and negative and direct impact in particular and women affect the children or the mother is in general .

And that the problem of domestic violence is linked to a number of factors , individual and social , economic , psychological and environmental variables , which makes the theory of a single individual claiming his interpretation is not accurate , it is difficult to understand the nature of domestic violence without linking it to some related concepts , the phenomenon of domestic violence is the most serious types of violence because of their negative effects that could lead to the demolition of the entire family entity and the emergence of a generation of children Almchocan and intellectually and behaviorally disturbed .

Also undermines children's educational , productivity and creativity abused capabilities and carried out their tasks and responsibilities of the future of this part of endangering the security and stability of society at risk and the impact on the safety of his children and organized bodies and policy and loosening of the races is under such a state if imbalance of verbal and non-verbal assault or abuse of physical child and non- physical to the same whether accidentally or intentionally , this leads to harm or destroy the child's personality system specifically and women in general , and exposure to the forms of family and social violence .

The research proposals for the treatment of which was :
1.Work to raise awareness among parents of the importance of family stability .
2.reduce the use of private and women in general for children physical violence and try to gain access to other ways of punishment instead of beatings and deprivation of unwanted stuff has to not be one of the basic stuff .
3.Working to prevent children from viewing violence shown on TV screens .
4.Keeping kids from working in workshops such as an auto repair workshops or bikes or blacksmith shops and other businesses .
5.raise awareness against violence to women and children through lectures , seminars and legislation strict laws this subject .

The research addressed the problem of widows that increased recently enormously. The researcher also referred to the perspective of Islam that gave a significant attention for both widows and orphans as powerless groups. Some straightforward example were presented to reflect the actual difficulties that encounter these groups as well as the author proposed number of appropriate ways that mitigate their psychological and physical sufferings such as: the provision of convenience jobs, and the legislation of rule that save their rights. Moreover, the researcher addressed the importance of marrying widows and what these challenges that encounter polygamy in Arab societies, the advantages and disadvantages of polygamy, and discussing all the social, economic, religious, and psychological issues that related to polygamy for both the previous wife and current wife.

The objective of the research is to learn the design of a learning educational learning according to the theory of Ausubel in the acquisition of geographical concepts among the students of the fourth primary in the field of geography and the development of their habits of mind. To achieve this, the researcher relied on the two hypotheses the researcher used the design of equal groups the first experimental group was studied according to the design educational educational learning according to the theory and the other is an officer according to the traditional method. The research community consists of fourth grade pupils in primary school day for girls in the Directorate of Education Baghdad, Al-Rusafa, the third academic year 2015-2016. The research sample included (51) where the school of Abdullah bin Abbas represented the experimental group and the number of its students was 25 students. The new generation school was represented by the group of officers and the number of its pupils was 26 pupils. The school consisted of two elementary schools that were deliberately chosen from among the original community schools, Abdullah bin Abbas and the new generation. The researcher prepared a first test to measure the acquisition of concepts included 20 paragraphs of the type of multiple choice and the second measure of the measurement of the habits of the mind consists of (50 paragraphs) distributed on (16) usually and after the statistical treatment with data using the test For two independent samples, the results were as follows:
1 - The pupils of the experimental group that studied the design of learning educational learning according to the theory of Ausubel students in the control group, which studied the usual way to acquire concepts
2 - The superiority of the students of the experimental group studied the design of learning educational learning according to the theory of Ausubel students in the control group in the habits of the mind

The purpose of study is to identify the effect of 5555 strategy on reading comprehension among 4th preparatory students. To do this, null hypothesis was postulated. The author hypothesize that there is no a statistically significant difference at (0.05) level between experimental group's scores who study reading comprehension subject following the 5555 strategy and control group's scores who study the same subject following the traditional method in reading comprehension. The study comprised (66) student, whereby the experimental group was made up of (33) students, while the control group made up of (33) student were chosen from Al-Ramadi developed school for the academic year (2016-2017). The authors prepared a scale to measure the reading comprehension which consist of 4 question: question one composed of (18) item; question two made up of two paragraphs where asked to reorganize the words; question three consisted of ten matching items; and the question 4 contained ten items which asked to complete them. The result revealed that the experimental group has a statistically significant difference at (0.05) level.

Investigating the strength and the relationship between the Self-organized learning strategies and self-competence among talented students was the aim of this study. To do this, the researcher employed the correlation descriptive approach, whereby a sample of (120) male and female student were selected from various Iraqi cities for the academic year 2015-2016. the researcher setup two scales based on the previous studies: one to measure the Self-organized learning strategies which consist of (47) item and the other to measure the self-competence that composed of (50) item. Both of these scales were applied on the targeted sample to collect the required data

Generally, the academic facilities necessitate specific criteria to be under the regional standards such as creative leaders, and a positive climates that induce to create an organizational culture within the academic institution. Consequently, these variables promote to improve the educational and administrative performance pursuing to achieve the general objectives. Thus, the current research aims to explore the level of privileged organizational culture among Baghdad University Colleges, explore the administrative creativity of deans and their assistants in addition to identify the relationship between them. The researchers prepared two instruments which were distributed among (70) individual of the targeted sample to collect the required data.

The aim of this study to investigate the sexual harassment, prevention strategies, and the appropriate ways that tackle this phenomena. The current research consisted of four chapter; the first chapter gave a general introduction about the targeted topic followed by the problem of statement, the significance of study, study’s aims, and end with the limitations of study. The second section of chapter one referred to the common concepts of study. Third section addressed the previous studies that related to the current one. Chapter two concerned with the sexual violence against minors. It has four section; first section addressed number of concepts which related to sexual violence. The second section focused on the implications of sexual violence and harassment. Third section presented the prospective of sociology toward sexual violence and harassment (family disintegration, breaking up and the post-trauma disorders, violence against minors, child trafficking as one of the serious challenges during childhood, and the effect of sexual violence and harassment on society). The third chapter revealed the Islamic law’s prospective of sexual anomalies and sexual violence, How parents prevent minors from sexual violence, the role of parents when the harassment occurs, how to promote the protective and preventive measures, the using of appropriate techniques to prevent minors against sexual violence, united nation’ rules of sexual violence, united nation’s role of making ultimate strategies of sexual violence, and finally, he put forward some recommendations and suggestions.

The study aims to identify the students’ attitudes toward recent techniques’ use in teaching; using power point software and data show to facilitate teaching approaches as well as following the approach of lecture in giving subjects, do these techniques facilitate, increase, and tackle the difficulties of subjects, do these attitudes positive or negative?, and to what extent these techniques raise up students’ motivation.

The goal of current study was to identify the relationship between addiction of self-images (Selfie) and personality disorder of narcissus, and the difference of significance the relationship between addiction self-images (selfie) and personality disorder narcissus at students of Mustansiriya university, addiction self- images (selfie) defined: a photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically one taken with a smartphone or webcam and shared via social media, edit and down lowed to social networking sites, and over time, the replacement of normal life virtual world, which is accompanied by a lack of a sense of time, and the formation of repeated patterns increase the risk of social and personal problems. To achieve the goals of current study, the researcher building two scales, first to identify the addiction of self-image, second and personality disorder of narcissus, the participants were (400) students from Al-Mustansiriya University. The results of current study were the significant statistically correlation between addiction self-images (selfie) and narcissistic personality disorder. The current study has reached a number of future study and recommendations. 

The aim of the search for knowledge of the effect generative learning strategy in:
1 - Achievement of the second grade.
2 - Systemic thinking for the second grade students when studying the biology.
The study sample increased (60) students distributed into two equal experimental and control groups.
Prepare the test of 40 pieces of multiple choice type and prepare a test for systematic thinking according to three skills
1. Understand the relationships between the parts of the systemic form and complement the sentences given
2 - complement the relationships between parts of the systemic form
3. Building the systemic form.
It was a search result
1- There is a difference of statistical significance (at level 0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group taught by the generative learning strategy and the mean of the control group, which is taught in the usual way in the collection of biology for the second grade, average and for the benefit of the experimental group.
2 - There is a difference of statistical significance (at the level of 0.05) between the average score of the experimental group in systemic thinking taught by the generative learning strategy of and the birth of the average control group, which is taught in the usual way in the biology of the second grade average and for the benefit of the experimental group.

The current research attempts to examine the relationship between social-psychological conflict and their relation to family upbringing approaches among the adolescents of intermediate stage according to sex and economical level. To do this, the researcher prepared a questionnaire to measure social-psychological conflict that consisted of (32) item divided on four dimensions, and also she prepared a questionnaire to measure family upbringing approaches which composed of (28) item divided on four dimensions. The sample was (260) male and female student from intermediate stage chosen randomly. The results revealed that there were significant differences between social-psychological conflict which went to male, there was a negative correlation between democratic approach and social-psychological conflict, there was a positive correlation among each of excessive caring, carelessness, domination and social-psychological conflict, there were no significant differences between male and female based on family upbringing approaches and finally, the result showed that the economical level had serious influence on social-psychological conflict in which decreasing of income level means increasing of social-psychological conflict and vice versa.

The study aimed to identify the awareness degree of teacher students in the department of Arabic language and their supervisors at Al-aqsa University for their future roles in the age of knowledge. To achieve this objective, descriptive- analytical approach was used. The instruments of this study were two questionnaires: first one consist of (20) item for teacher students, and the second consist of (27) item for educational supervisors which covered three roles: professional, technological, and humanitarian. The sample was (120) student selected randomly, and (39) supervisors of Arabic language. The result revealed that the mean of degree awareness of teacher students and their supervisors of future role are (3.857), (3.472) respectively. There were no statistical significant differences in the awareness degree of supervisors’ future role according to qualification, years of services and age variables of the questionnaire’s total scores except for the technological role in the favor of post-graduate in the qualification variable,(5-10) years’ service variable, and (less than 45) of age variable. The humanitarian roles went for (more than 60) according to age variable.

The purpose of the study is to identify the teaching techniques that mathematics' teachers use due to the Brain-based learning theory. The sample is composed of (90) teacher: (50) male, (40) female. The results have shown no significant differences between male and female responses' mean. Additionally, through the observation of author, he found a lack of using Brain-based learning techniques. Thus, the researcher recommend that it is necessary to involve teachers in remedial courses to enhance their ability to create a classroom that raise up brain-based learning skills.

The study seeks to investigate the effect of Dunn Dunn learning style model on students’ achievement. Besides, the way of developing students’ deductive thinking by testing the null hypothesis: there is no significant difference between experimental group who takes Dunn Dunn model as style in studying geography and control group that follows a traditional method in studying geography at the level of (0,05). Additionally, there is no significant difference between experimental group who takes Dunn Dunn model as style in studying geography and control group that follows a traditional method in studying geography at the level of (0,05) on testing developing deductive thinking skills. The researcher adopted a quasi-experimental posttest approach. The sample comprised (60) female students who were chosen purposefully from Al-Nasr secondary school for female at Al-karkh side in Baghdad city for the academic year (2015-2016). To collect study data, the researcher has designed two scales: post achievement scale which consisted of (32) items and deductive thinking scale composed of (30) items. Moreover, (52) teaching plans were designed to carry out the study. The results revealed that the experimental group showed a high-mean level than control group.

Statistics indicate criminal in most countries of the world that the suicide rate continues to increase, as it prevalence manufacturing and complexity of life and the intensification of conflicts and escalating problems of rising suicide rates. And suicide is death intentional, that is, the intentional act that leads to ending the life of the individual and self-on purpose. The current research aims to identify the suicide in terms of its causes and its factors and come up with recommendations for the prevention of suicide. Because suicide is a life-threatening problem has tried several theories of interpretation and stand on its grounds. Considering the theories of psychoanalysis (Freud) that suicide is the result of the individual motives of hostility directed at the self, and see cognitive theory that the cause of suicide is depression caused by the loss of hope and amplify the negatives. Mental disorders theory believes that the troubled tendency to self-stronger than the tendency of bad eggs destroyed. As you can see the theory (Durkheim) that the individual's sense of social outcast that he and his community get him away leads him to commit suicide. Find out the Current search a set of conclusions and recommendations reached aimed at suicide prevention. Finally Find a set of proposals for future research progress.

This research aims to identify the level of Voluntary work among university students, and explore the statistical differences of voluntary work among students due the gender and major. A total of (400) male and female student from morning study were selected as a sample to achieve the research's objectives. Al-Malaki (2010) scale was adopted to collect the required data. The results revealed that men take massive part in voluntary work than women, and students of human sciences showed significant differences than those of other majors.

Adolescence important and sensitive stage in social terms, being a stage where learns teenager bear social responsibilities and composition of their ideas about family life, as well as it is the stage where the teenager looking to himself for an important place in the community to become independent socially people, so it highlights the role of Social Work to do better effort and I believe him in order to prepare for the adolescent stage of adolescence and help him overcome the problems so that makes it adapts to the society in which he lives

The dental anxiety and fears of receiving prevention and treatment of oral health care have been considered as large and important, problems in which most members of communities in countries of the world, complain of this anxiety which reached to large percentages , and the continuation of these mental disorders with out find solutions to it, they may be leads to neglect their health and preventive dental care and avoid treatment , only in emergency and extreme cases such as severe pain and acute periodontal abscess of the tooth, and in this condition the person had lost their teeth, with worsening health condition, so this continuous anxiety of the patient to ward dental clinics adversely affect "the relationship between the patient and doctor and the type of treatment , diagnosis and the duration of treatment necessary as the delicate treatment of the dentist cannot be completed for the patient who is in a state of extreme tension with fear and continuous anxiety during treatment, we must be find solutions with a therapeutic program to reduce the tension of the patient suffering from anxiety in the dental clinic depend on of acceptable and scientifically evidence through the applied scientific research in the countries of the world for psychologists, researchers, doctors and others in the treatment of these patients, who make up large proportions in society and which need to accurately diagnosed by dentists and in collaboration with psychologists and specialist doctors by evaluating patients' cases and identifying self-reports of fear and anxiety, with tables showing their physical condition of blood pressure, pulse rate, finger temperature, etc. these can enhance diagnosis. The individual who has dental anxiety can be classified as mild anxiety, moderate anxiety and severe anxiety), Dental anxiety can be measured by dental anxiety scale applied to the patient to know the degree of anxiety and then draw up a plan of psychological and pharmacological therapy or a combination of both "depending on the level of dental anxiety, patient characteristics, clinical situation, and psychotherapeutic interaction either behaviorally or cognitively, and from the pharmacological view, we can treat these patients by using pharmacological and sedative drugs, anesthesia, general anesthesia and behavioral modification therapies which aimed to changing unacceptable behaviors by the learning, these include relaxation exercises (muscle and breathing), together with guided images and physiological observation using biofeedback therapy, hypnosis, distraction, positive reinforcement and a method of treatment based on exposure, such as the way Tell /Show/Do .
The aim of cognitive strategies to change and restructuring of the level of negative perception and promotion of population and strengthen the control over negative thoughts that lead to anxiety, and cognitive behavioral therapy which is a combination of behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy .
In the current research there is an important applications that have been addressed which is the relaxation training programs in different types, such as applied relaxation technique, muscle relaxation progressive techniques or breathing exercises and that dentists with dental assistants need to the knowledge of these techniques and applied a private training in order to implement and practice their application to a patient who has been diagnosed with dental anxiety before sitting on a dental chair. Many behavioral researchers identify the importance of relaxation programs techniques in the treatment of many of the symptoms of various mental disorders, including dental anxiety disorder which been diagnosed and where they stressed the importance of these techniques in reducing the anxiety and tension and the behavioral habits they create, from the development of these techniques has been used to acquire public health, whether physical or mental health\. The relaxation techniques of various types mentioned, in addition to music relaxation, which reduces tension and anxiety, it works on a state of calm and relaxation that has been used to treat patients of dental clinic who have dental anxiety. The aim of this study is to highlight on what Dental anxiety and Dental fear means , and know the causes, prevalence and the ways of diagnosis with treatment beside some relative studies and to show the role of the practical application of relaxation training programs in dental clinics to be used by specialists and therapists in clinical psychology and dentists to help patients for reducing their anxiety and overcome their fear of dentistry and demonstrate the role and effectiveness of this program in reducing anxiety after the application of relaxation program.

The research addresses the importance of reading and writing for sura Al-alaq and Al-qalam as they represent the main sources for all the sciences as well as ethical values. The researcher seeks to define the educational and ethical values in these two texts which related to reading and writing. To do this, the author went through different relevant literature to show the similarities and related points between them, she also shows the significant of reading and writing and the learning and teaching worth to be consider. The result revealed that the both texts assert on the educational and ethical values, and the vital role of reading and writing.

The aimes of this study is to investigate Optimism and Pessimism among university undergraduates including the first and fourth stage students ,the sample of this stoudy contained (326) students ,(166) male and (160) female, The researcher adopted a scale of Dember et al (1889) translated and adjusted to arabic version by Al-Dosoke (2001). The results have shown that students have optimism including the first and fourth stage and no significant difference between the students as far as ncluding the first and fourth study stage and gender, Implications of the results and recommendations for further research are discussed.

Language is fundamental and important for the development of various skills especially in the kindergarten stage where the child begins to approach others and interact with them linguistically listen to them and make sentences to communicate his ideas to them and without the ability to talk and expression, the child's benefit of his experiences in the kindergarten remains limited.
And that children at any stage of early education are subject to different stages of linguistic development, and these stages are a fundamental feature in learning, especially for the skills of speaking, listening and reading, Therefore, the researcher chose the speaking skill the children of kindergartens.
The current research aimed to define:
1) The speaking skill among the children of kindergartens.
2) Significance of differences in the speaking skill among the children of kindergartens according to the gender variable (males - females).
To achieve the objectives of the research, measure were constructed, a measure of the speaking skill among the children of kindergartens, which consists of (13) goals and for each goal, three questions answered by the child, The validity of the has been verified by the Alpha Kronbachmethod, the measure of speaking skill was (0,66).
The research sample consisted of (250) children boys and girls in the preliminary stage of kindergartens, Using the T test for one sample, the T test for two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient, standard level and statistical methods, the research concluded the following results:
1) The speaking skills of the children of kindergartens was average (%61.2) from the overall of the sample, followed by the ratio of the high level (%22.8) and the last one is ratio of the weak level (16%).
2) There is no statistically significant difference between males and females of the children of the sample research in skill speaking.
Based on the results, the researcher reached a number of recommendations, including:
1) Encouraging children to express freely in what they want to talk about.
2) The kindergartens’ teacher should give importance to children's words and listen to them well.
3) Prepare a number of variety activities in kindergartens that can contribute in developing the children's speaking skills.
A number of proposals were formulated, including:
1) Building a program to develop the speaking skill among the children of kindergartens.

The purposes of this study are to measure masculine's identification among secondary school students, and to examine the significant differences among secondary school students in respect of students age (16-18) year. The researcher has prepared a questionnaire comprised (25) item to measure masculine identification among students: this scale was applied on (100) student who were selected as a sample from four different school at al-rusafa side in Baghdad. The scale then modified to (23) item to be more consistent. The results revealed that there were no significant differences among students based on the variable of age, and the mean of masculine identification showed a high level than the hypothesized mean.

This study investigated the effect of using brainstorming as a teaching technique on the students’ performance in writing different kinds of essays and self regulation among the secondary students. The total population of this study, consisted of (51) female students of the 5th Secondary grade in Al –kawarzmi School in Erbil during the academic year 2015-2016. The chosen sample consisted of 40 female students, has been divided into two groups. Each one consists of (20) students to represent the experimental group and the control one. Brainstorming technique is used to teach the experimental group, and the conventional method is used to teach the control group. The study instruments used for collecting the data are an essay writing test and Academic Self-regulated Learning Scale. The performance on an essay writing task and Academic Self-regulated Learning Scale has been taken into account as the pretest and posttest in both groups. The validity and reliability of the study instruments are acceptable. T-test formula is used to analyze the data collected. The analysis results show that the experimental group's performance and self- regulation are significantly higher than the performance and self regulation of the control group at (0.05) level of significance. Therefore, the brainstorming teaching technique significantly affects the students’ performance in writing essays and self- regulation.

This study examines the factors that affect oral participation of six Arab postgraduate students (two Iraqis, two Jordanians, and two Libyans), namely, three male participants and three female participants. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview was employed. The results showed that female as well male interviewees share some factors that make oral participation in classroom disheartening. These factors include high levels of anxiety, lack of confidence, shyness, and lack of preparation. It was also that there is no difference between male and female interviewees in relation to the factors that make them feel disheartened from oral classroom participation.