Journal of College of Education

تم بحث واقع محاصيل الحبوب المتمثلة ( بمحصول القمح ، ومحصول الشعير، ومحصول الذرة الصفراء) في أقضية محافظة الأنبار لعام 2021، حيث تنطلق فرضيةْ أن هناك تباين في إنتاج الدونم الواحد من الأراضي الزراعية نتيجة لوجود مشاكل طبيعة تتعلق بالأرض الزراعية والأخرى تتعلق بالعناصر والظروف المناخية. أعتمد البحث على المنهج الاصولي والمنهج العلمي التحليلي أو ما يسمى (المنهج الرياضي) اعتماداً الحزمة الإحصائية على البحوث العلمية
SPSS، وأعتمد البحث على الوثائق العلمية والتقارير الرسمية ثم جمع المعلومات وتبويبها وتنظيمها واستخلاص النتائج ، ثم التطرق إلى زراعة محاصيل الحبوب في المحافظة والعمل على زيادة الإنتاج. وتم التوصل إلى إمكانية التوسع وزيادة الأراضي الزراعية من خلال استصلاح الأراضي الصحراوية والملحية والجبسية وإتباع طرق زراعية حديثة وتوفير المياه وترشيد استخدامها كلها تؤدي إلى زيادة الإنتاج.

Transparency, contrast, and congruency coding indicators in cartography determine how geographic information is represented on maps so that it is easier for users to understand and read. These indicators help improve understanding and interaction with geographical data, and facilitate the decision-making process. There are a few examples of these indicators, including transparency, because it relates to the map’s ability to display information clearly and accurately, without distortion or concealment. Contrast is the map’s ability to clearly distinguish between information and different geographical features. For example, different colors or patterns can be used to highlight different areas of interest, making the map easier to understand. Congruence: corresponds to the accuracy of the map’s geographical representation in relation to reality. Geographical features on a map should be depicted with clear accuracy, allowing an understanding of the location and environment in question. Achieving these indicators requires the use of appropriate mapping techniques, such as choosing colors wisely, improving contrast between different elements, and using a variety of fonts and patterns to differentiate different information. The choice of encoding depends on the data type and purpose of the map and should be compatible with the needs of potential users.

The analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the oil Valley Basin and its role in the development of rural agriculture using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) includes the study of geographical and cadastral features of the area and the use of geological and geomorphological data to understand the territory and identify its potential uses. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have a role in the analysis of spatial and geographical data and provide important insights for the development of rural agriculture. In the context of the oil Valley Basin, important morphometric characteristics can include: Elevation and slope: the analysis of slopes and elevations can help determine the best areas for a particular agriculture based on the slope of the land and water drainage. The topography and understanding of the geological structure of the area can reveal groundwater resources and guide the use of land for specific agricultural purposes. The use of GIS techniques to monitor changes in the terrain over time can help determine the sustainability of Agriculture and counteract erosion and desertification phenomena. Determining the quality and characteristics of the soil can contribute to making informed decisions about the types of plants grown and the best agricultural practices. The integration of this information into the GIS system can help to make better decisions on agricultural planning and land management, identify the most suitable planting sites and direct efforts to increase agricultural productivity in the oil Valley. Using geographical data and their analysis by GIS, it is possible to identify the needs, opportunities and challenges of rural agriculture in this region and develop strategies to promote its development sustainably and effectively.