Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties

Objective(s): To measure the effect of using vibration maneuver on the level of pain during intravenous cannulation.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out in the oncology unit of AL- Al-Haboubi Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar governorate from November 22nd, 2023 to June 5th, 2024. After the sample was selected among patients, 105 patients were divided into two groups, 50 in the control group and 55 in the experimental. In the experimental group, a vibrating device was used, and the pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale of a 10-cm line. The researcher used two white envelopes inside which there was a colored card to facilitate the random selection and a self-report method was used for data collection.
Results: The results of the statistical analysis showed highly significant differences between the two groups in pain intensity during cannulation in the post-test. The control group recorded a high average pain intensity of (M+SD 76.54+20.427), While the experimental group showed a significant decrease in pain intensity with an average (M+SD 27.25+22.788). These results indicate that the intervention based on applying vibration technology contributed effectively to reducing the level of pain, as the difference between the two groups was highly statistically significant (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The study concluded that vibration maneuver had a positive relationship and highly effective in reducing pain for intravenous cannulation.
Recommendations: The study recommended that the vibration experience be applied to patients during cannulation insertion in adult segments.

Objective(s): This study aimed to investigate factors influencing the caring ability of family caregivers of children with cancer based on caregiver sex, level of education, kinship to the child, and the child's sex.

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 200 family caregivers of children with cancer, selected through non-probability (purposive) sampling technique in the Hematology and Oncology Center at Welfare Teaching Hospital from January 2nd, 2024, to March 27th, 2024. Data were collected using “the Caring Ability of Family Caregivers of Patients with Cancer Scale (CAFCPCS). Through a self-report method. Data were analysis using SPSS (version 24), employing descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The study showed that there are several factors that affected the caring ability of family caregivers to their children with cancer, including the child’s kinship (p = .037), education level (p = .000), and monthly income (p = .003). Additionally, a significant correlation between the sex of caregivers and effective role play (p = .022), negative correlation between the education level of caregivers and the total score of caregiving abilities (p = .006).

Conclusion: The study concludes that familial relationship, education level, and income significantly affect caregivers' abilities in caring for children with cancer. The sex of caregivers plays a role in their interactions with children with cancer, with mothers having greater knowledge and broader experience in caregiving.

Recommendations: This study recommends that the Ministry of Health should encourage continuous family support, provide educational programs, and financial assistance to improve the abilities of family caregivers in dealing with their children with cancer. Mothers should be supported through women's workshops, and fathers' participation should be encouraged through specialized training programs.

Objective(s): To assess self-care knowledge among patients with Psoriasis.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized at the dermatology center in Al-Najaf Teaching Hospital and Al-Sadr Medical City from October 30th, 2022, to May 2nd, 2023. A validated Psoriasis Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire and patients' knowledge assessment of self-care for psoriasis questionnaire were used and filled by 60 patients who visit the hospital by non-probability purposive sampling for the purpose of data collection. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and SPSS version 24, Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
Results: Patients have poor self-care knowledge about psoriasis (Mean: 24.200).
Conclusion: The patients in this study have a lack of self-care knowledge about psoriasis.
Recommendation: An educational program should be provided for patients with psoriasis in the dermatology center to enhance self-care knowledge about psoriasis.

Objective(s): This study aims to improve hand function in children with cerebral palsy through using of play therapy methods: clay, beads, and sand, and find most effect method.
Methods: A quasi- experimental study employed pre-test and posttest design with control group. It was conducted at the Centre of Medical Rehabilitation and Arthritis in Baghdad city, at the period November 25th, 2024, to February 13th, 2025. A non-probable sample of 64 children with cerebral palsy was selected by non-random sampling method, they were distributed into one control group and three intervention groups. Both groups continue with their routine care in the center, and only the intervention group expose to play therapy intervention. The Box and Block Test was used to assess children`s hand function before and after play intervention. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS program.
Results: The result showed no significant differences in the means score of hand function in the both groups before play intervention. However, after the intervention a significant difference was clear in sand and clay intervention groups. The statistics showed clay therapy was most effective at, P value ≤ 0.05.
Conclusion: Nursing interventions incorporating play therapy methods are effective in improving hand function in children with CP. These methods consider child-friendly and engaging valuable methods.
Recommendations: A cohort study is recommended to assess the long-term effects of play interventions. Pediatric nurses need to integrate these play-based therapies and family’s participation to enhance motor skills of hand function in children with CP.

Objective(s): Examining the effect of Shot-Blocker in reducing Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation (PIV) associated pain among school age children’s patients.
Methods: This study used a prospective, comparative, randomized controlled trial design. The study involved 153 school aged children (6-12 years) who received intravenous cannulation at Emergency Departments in Wasit: Al-Azizia and Al-Numaniyah General Hospital between January 22nd, and February 21st, 2024. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the Shot-Blocker group (n=79), and control group (n=74). The Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation process was followed by a request for the patients to rate their level of pain using the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Scale. The primary outcome was to reduce pain related to intravenous cannulation for school age children. A descriptive and inferential statistical measures were employed in the analysis of the data through the using IBM-SPSS. The group’s differences in levels of pain were measured using an independent sample t-test.
Result: There are statistically significant differences in pain intensity between the Shot-Blocker, and control group (P-value=0.001*). When compared to the control group, Shot-Blocker group showed a markedly reduced pain intensity (mean difference 1.74684). In addition, there were higher pain levels noted in the control group (mean difference 8.757) compared to the Shot-Blocker group.
Conclusions: The Shot-Blocker technique was efficient to reduce pain-related intravenous-cannulation. Most children using Shot-Blocker experienced less pain compared to those who did not. This suggests that innovative non-pharmacological approaches like Shot-Blocker are advantageous for pain reduction.

Objective(s): This study aimed to assess job satisfaction of nurses' working in the Haemodialysis centres and to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and their socio-demographic characteristics.
Methods: A descriptive design was carried out among nurses working in haemodialysis units in Baquba Teaching Hospital and Baladrooz General Hospital in Diyala Governate from December 14th, 2022 to March 20th. 2023. A non-probability (purposive) sampleing was conductive on 80 nurses. The study's instrument has two parts: the sociodemographic characteristics of nurses with (8) questions; and the Job Satisfaction Scale for Clinical Nurses (JSS-CN), which has (38) questions. A panel of (12) experts was used to assess the content validity of the questionnaire. Using Pearson Correlations (0.87) for the job satisfaction measure, the validity of the instrument scales was assessed. Data analysis using statistical methods for inferencing and describing the data.
Results: The study results showed that two third of the studied nurses (75%), had moderate level of job satisfaction. There was highly statistically significant relation between nurses job satisfaction and their monthly incomes (0.034).
Conclusion: The current study concluded that nurses working in haemodialysis units had moderate level of job satisfaction and their monthly income negatively affect their job satisfaction as a nurse in the haemodialysis units.
Recommendation: The study recommends health institution to improving the monthly income for nurses and conducting future studies on this subject by taking a sample from a wider group to determine the level of general satisfaction of nurses and its impact on social status.

Objective(s(: To determine risk factors and etiology associated with development of neonatal sepsis at Baghdad hospitals, Iraq.
Methods: The descriptive analytical case control study design technique entails was used for conducting research on neonatal care units in Baghdad governorate in order to identify the causes and risk factors leading to neonatal sepsis. Where it was implemented during the period from November 20th, 2022, to 1st June 2023. The data analyzed by using package SPSS. version 22.
Results: Newborns who developed sepsis with their mother's data and control group were 94 neonates per group. Evaluation of risk factors showed that mothers with a first or second child (parity 1-2) were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis (P = 0.016) and mothers were more likely to have neonatal sepsis on their children (2.092) fold high risk than mothers with multiple births (multiparity). On the other hand, women who undergoing caesarean section, high blood pressure, bleeding disorder, urinary tract, premature rupture of membranes, and perinatal fever were (6.4, 2.279, 2.303, 4.119, 3.476, 2.943 times respectively) more likely to have sepsis. In terms of neonatal risk factors, infants born preterm, before 37 weeks gestation, birth weight less than 2500 grams (18.0), neonatal age (7-28 days), preterm score <7, resuscitation, birth asphyxia, the period when a neonate spends in the incubator ≥ 3 days is a significant risk for neonatal sepsis, and they are more likely to develop neonatal sepsis.
Conclusion: There are many risk factors for the mother and the child that increase the possibility of developing neonatal sepsis
Recommendations: Promoting education and awareness of mothers, especially those who were born prematurely, about hygiene practices and newborn care can help reduce the risk of neonatal sepsis

Objective(s): To assess knowledge-related Mediterranean diet regimen among the University of Baghdad employees’ with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was carried out at the University of Baghdad in Bab-Almudam region for the period between August 20th 2022 to November 20th 2022. A non-probability sampling was used among (80) employees with functional digestive system disorders. A study instrument was constructed to collect data of knowledge-related Mediterranean diet regimen, which consists of two parts. The first part: socio-demographic characteristics such as: (age, gender, marital status, level of education, living arrangement) and the second part related to employees knowledge: a (45) questions divided into three domains: a (20) questions on the functional digestive system disorders; 13 questions regarding Mediterranean diet; and a (12) questions about the effect of the Mediterranean diet on functional gastrointestinal disorders. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive and Inferential statistics were utilized to summarize the results.
Results: The study indicated that employees had knowledge deficits (95%) about the Mediterranean diet regimen.
Conclusion: The study showed that there is a lack of employees’ knowledge about the Mediterranean diet regimen.
Recommendations: The study recommends establish Mediterranean diet educational programs for persons with functional digestive disorders to learn how to deal with these disorders, and to improve their adherence to treatment and a healthy diet, in cooperation with the Nutrition Research Institute.

Objective(s): To assess the level of nurses' knowledge concerning discharge plan for children with congenital heart diseases and find out the relationship between knowledge and their socio-demographic characteristics.
Methods: A descriptive correlational design study was applied on 50 nurses’ who are working at open heart surgery ward in Ibn Al-Nafees Hospital for Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery and from Ibn Al-Bitar Center for Cardiac Surgery in Baghdad City, Iraq. The study started from September 7th, 2022 to June 7th, 2023, utilizing a non-probability (convenience) sample. The data was collected from nurses through a constructive instrument (Likert scale), and analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical approaches which applied by using SPSS version 26.0.
Results: The results showed that most nurses were female 78% and the majority of them (58%) were between the ages of 20 and 25 years and two-thirds (64%) of nurses held a diploma degree in nursing. Most of nurses (52%) were unmarried and (62%) of them were employees for (1-5) years in nursing in open-heart departments. The findings of the current assessment revealed that nurses have a poor level of knowledge about discharge plans based on the achieved mean score (1.60) for children with congenital heart disease. The study's findings showed an existent statistical relationship between nurses' knowledge and their nursing qualification (P value=0.023).
Conclusion: The current study concluded that nurses had a poor level of knowledge, which leads to the inefficiency of the nursing discharge plan and showed a significant relation between nurses' knowledge and their nursing qualification.
Recommendation: The study recommended conducting educational program to broaden nurses' knowledge about improve their methods of implementation the discharge plan for children with congenital heart diseases, and thus, improving patient care standard offered by nurses and reducing hospitalization of children.

Objective)s(: Evaluating nurses' knowledge towards reducing children's anxiety and fear during nursing interventions, determining the effectiveness of the Instructional Program on nurses' knowledge towards reducing children's anxiety and fear during nursing interventions. Methods: The study was designed as a Quiz-experimental design (test-retest approach) for study group participants employed in the (Fatima Al Zahraa Hospital for Maternal and Child care) and (Ibn Al Baladi Hospital for in pediatric emergency unit and pediatric medical units. (30) of them were the study group and (30) of them were the control group. The study was started at December 15, 2022 to April 25, 2023.
Results: The results of the study showed nurses level of knowledge about reducing children's anxiety and fear during nursing interventions for the study sample and the control sample were fair in the pre-test time (76.7%, M±SD= 6.97 ± 1.810), while they are showing a good level of knowledge during the post-test 1 (100%, M±SD= 10.83 ± .379) and post-test 2 (100%, M±SD= 1070 ± .702).
Conclusion: The counseling program, after its application, had a positive and effective effect on the nurses' knowledge towards reducing children's anxiety and fear during nursing interventions. Recommendations: The study recommended nurses need training courses to reduce children's anxiety and fear during nursing interventions. Nurses need training courses to reduce children's anxiety and fear during nursing interventions.