Journal Of Educational and Psychological Researches

The study aims detection teaching modalities adopted relationship in Jerash University exactly the classroom, and to achieve the goal of the study was to develop a questionnaire consisting of (39) items, and was achieving validity and reliability have, then sent to a sample of professors made up the university from (122) university professor of the total (172) professor, and they study population.
Study found a relationship between the teaching methods of the four their strategies with classroom management, and as a result the overall average level, while Hspt critical thinking at the highest correlation with classroom discipline management relationship strategy, while the relationship between the workshops and concerns and activities strategy've got less correlation exactly classroom. The research presents a number of appropriate recommendations.

It has become the subject of the environment and its problems during the last three decades of the important topics and dangerous that gained the attention of researchers in this regard as especially with the worsening repercussions severe, and turned out to be hot issues impose themselves urgently everywhere in the world, not concerned with the environment and specialists out, but also on all people wherever they are, regardless of their standard of living, and the circumstances of their lives, and their level of education and culture because the relationship of man with environment relationship since antiquity as relied upon to provide what they need him to stay, and through the stages of the development of civilization has made some attempts to keep it, but faced difficulty because it is controlled by the and the investor have all become influenced by them and even affected, as indicated many of the studies and research studies and research that dealt with the environmental theme and its problems and the need for the development of environmental awareness, some of which stressed the need for the curriculum include environmental issues and problems and seeking to develop environmental awareness . Including, Dspoto Despot study (1977) and the study of Nelson NeLSON ((1993 Shafei and study (1990) and the study of Abdul Salam (1991).
Clear from this task rests curriculum planners selected elements of the environment are closest to the lives of learners and the most suitable levels of maturity tasks and curriculum designers to expand the environmental department and deepen the level of intake of the problems in front of children to increase their awareness and discover their preparations and grow their abilities and increase the depth of experience that this process is done gradually systematic and foundations sound science.
In order not to waste our efforts in posters and celebrations for the environment, or at festivals and letters of the theory, we must proceed from the real bases and studying the issue through our own potential, without underestimating or exaggerating through scientific objective view that rely on inventory pros and cons, and allow the integration of environmental Thread in the national plan and all of its activities, especially the education, so taken advantage of the possibilities more fully in the development of the pillars of strength and address the environmental drawbacks since they occur.
Herein lies the problem of the research to identify the philosophy of geography curricula in the diagnosis and treatment of environmental problems .

The research aims at defining the level of the school environment and the social adjustment of the sample due to the sex and the relation among them.
The two researchers have stated the school environment scale counting on the theoretical background and previous studies. As for the social adjustment scale, the researchers have used the scale of (Al-Kindy, 2001) and the school environment scale is implicated on (112) students. The schools and the students were elected in a random way. Whereas the social adjustment scale is implicated on (30) teachers in order to know their ratio of the student's adjustment. The results have appeared the satisfaction of the students on the private school environment within their school aspects (the director, the teacher and the methods of teaching), the increasing of their social adjustment level.
The variations according to the sex, there were no variations within the aspects of the director and the methods of teaching. The results have showed the differentiations within the teachers for the benefits of the females. The results also showed the balance relationship among the variables. The researchers have stated several recommendations and proposela

To achieve the goals, the researcher followed the design of equal and independent groups of partial control and post-test . The research has chosen the Institute of Fine Arts in the area Almansour area as deliberate sample where three sections of students have been chosen and the number of students is (69) students. The researcher conducted equivalence in the variables (age, and IQ , and the overall rate for grade III). in diagnostic phase, (21) concepts of alternative image out of (46) concepts have been identified in addition to the goals of formulation of acquisition concepts according to the three processes (definition, discrimination and application). Achievement test has been conducted then after, Multiple choice consists of (63) points to make sure of the students to the concepts of alternative image. It was mad sure of the test sincerity, persistence and the coefficient of difficulty and the coefficient of indistinguishable. The test has been applied on Tuesday, 05.06.2014 where Analysis of variance and (Tukey) tests were used as a statistical means for research data treatment . The following results have been obtained: -
1- The superiority of the first experimental group of students who studied according to Driver model over control group of students who studied according to the traditional way in the post-test.
2- The superiority of the second experimental group of students who studied according to Posner model over the control group students who studied according to the traditional way in the post-test.
3- There, is no difference of statistical significance between the experimental group who studied according to Driver model and the student who studied according to Posner model .
In light of the research results, the researcher found a set of conclusions and recommendations and proposals.

The university professor is the main theme in the educational process, then we must have prepared attention and study, it is the upper hand in achieving the objectives of education and a factor of development of society and its development factors that set it up and increase the efficiency of the duties of universities and development centers and through that evaluation is essential process and Zerorah to improve his performance, especially if they're the evaluation process from the standpoint of their students
research goals
The current research aims to identify:
1. identify the effectiveness of teaching the University of Tikrit from the standpoint of their students
2. to identify the differences in the effectiveness of teaching the University of Tikrit from the standpoint of their students according to the following variables: Specialization (humanitarian, scientific) sex (males - females)
For the purpose of achieving the objectives of this study, the researcher adopted on the scale prepared by researchers Alazerjaoa and Kazem 2010
The researcher found that the efficiency of teaching the professors of the University of Tikrit enjoys a good level, but it was not to be of high quality, as the researcher found that there were no differences in university professors values depending on the variable sex while there were differences in the assessment of the evaluation process depending on the variable of specialization and in favor of Specialization scientific
In the end, the researcher presented a set of proposals and recommendations

The present study aimed to identify teaching problems which facing the teachers for first three grades classes, and if these problems different according to some variables teacher qualification, experience period, class grade). The study sample consist of (137 )
female teachers who teach the first three grades in Braimy city in Oman, teachers spread in five government schools. Both researchers developed questionnaire to measure problems faced by the mentioned teachers, consist of 50 questions distributed into 4 dimensions (teacher, students, the curriculum, the evaluations), Also researchers checked questionnaire validity and stability. The results indicate to: The most common problem faced teachers is the evaluation, whereas the issues are related to student were in the last rank, The study showed statistically significant differences according to qualification levels of teachers, the benefit for the holders of BA degree level, there is no statistically significant according to experience years, and there is statistically significant according to 5 years experience. And there are no differences according to class grades taught by teacher.

study aimed to recognize The relationship between Intrinsic Motivation Academy and Time Management among University students and measure Intrinsic Motivation Academy And Time Management for sample and Balancing Degrees of Basic Research on the two scales According to the Variable genders and Specialization, The sample consisted (350) students by (230) female (120) male , and the sample responded scales of Intrinsic Motivation Academy for (Alwan & Attaat2009) and Time Management (Building tool), The Results of this study show that: There are statistically significant differences according to gender variable in Intrinsic Motivation Academy and Time Management in favor of the male, and there are statistically significant relationship between the variables of the study

This study aimed to IQ test standardization of Marten Lother Johan which used with childreen of the one stage at primary schools who aged (6) years old in Baghdad (Resafaa and Kharh).
The importance of this study are :
1-The importance of childhood and its role to develop the personality.
2-The importance of this age as the child will exposure to different kind of official teaching .
3-The capability for early detection of special category for early intervention in order to provide the necessary care .
4-Using the current test could consider as a predictive tool to screen the intelligent children .
In order to achieve the study aim, the researcher had followed the following steps:
1- IQ test of Marten Lother Johan was used with this study which it was translated into Arabic language by Adel Ez-Aldeen Alashwal. The scale includes 12 items which distributed on 12 sub- scale.
2- The test was conducted on number of experts of psychologist and specialize in measurement and evaluation in order to evaluate the validity of items of the scale. According expert's view, all the items were appropriate and validate.
3- The test was conducted on 400 students (female and male) who were chosen randomly from four primary schools in Baghdad (Resafaa and Kharh) for the academic year 2014-2015.
4- Some statistical analysis were used with the items (difficulty coefficient , discrimination, and validation).
5- Some psychometric properties were conduced:
 The validity(fase validity and concurrent validity) .
 Reliability: Cronbach's alpha was used and the reliability score was( .94).
6- After prepared the items of the test, the test was conducted 800 students of primary schools in order to obtain the standardization of the test.
7- Some recommendation and suggestions were presented in order to develop the study in the future.

Intelligence is the production of nervous system function and it\'s contents memory and creative thinking and understanding and other processes. It\'s a general cognitive ability and it\'s a concept. It\'s essential for good judgment and reasoning, there\'s an argument about definition of intelligence, is it one ability or multiple abilities. Multiple intelligences theory presented by (Gardner 1983) view intelligence as composing from six types of intelligences: (1) linguistic. (2) mathematical. (3) visual – spatial. (4) musical. (5) bodily – kinesthetic. (6) personal. Present research has reached to several conclusions. Most important one is that multiple intelligences theory is based on the conception of distinct varieties of intelligences not just one intelligence and this theory has large role in education process.

The research aims to know The Effect Of Flexible Grouping Strategy and Three Step Interview strategy on achievement of the history material among student of the first literary class, The Researcher used the experimental design of the two experimental groups and the control group and with post test, researcher group (a) represent the experimental group taught according the Flexible Grouping Strategy , and Division (c) to represent the second experimental group which studied according Three Step Interview strategy and Division (b ) to represent the control group taught in the traditional method, the number of students (99) students of (33) female students in each division. The reward research groups in the variables: age, intelligence and, Prior knowledge. The researcher were verified psychometric characteristics of the instruments, and used, Analysis of variance (ANOVA ) and Tukey test used for data processing , The results showed superiority of the two experimental groups to the control group, also showed no difference statistically significant between the two experimental groups, which studied according to the flexible groups and Three Step Interview in the achievement of the students of the first literary class.

Advantage of the science of management for a lot of other sciences vitality and openness to the rest of the science and knowledge of the various branches fields, and at the same time, overlapping and intermingling majora between the various branches of administration and specialties, and based on this fact, the idea of this research to come out of one of the important topics with two topics of vital in the field of strategic management, namely patterns Strategic Command, and the effectiveness of senior management teams.
I've seen the science of management, particularly in the field of strategic management, large shifts and changes, especially in the last two decades, as the RPR Strategic Management rich field of research and the emergence of other theories and refute. In the last decade researchers have begun to care greatly summit pyramid organization, namely the strategic leadership, as one of the key determinants of the success of contemporary organizations. Not even the most important element, especially in lost successive changes in the third millennium.
The researchers sought towards the study of the most important factors affecting the strategic leadership, and how to make the most of this leadership, and how to develop and upgrading, as well as the transfer of leadership from individual leadership to the collective leadership under the name of what is known as a team of senior management, it started a lot of specialists tend, in the largest group of strategic leadership towards rather than relying on a single individual as a leader strategically unite the organization. As a result of this shift, new problems was how the formation of this team, and what are the factors it has emerged.
Hence this study was to examine the effect of strategic leadership and effectiveness of senior management teams, and the rationale for the research regarding the dilemma of intellectual study represented leadership and strategic effectiveness of senior leadership and attempt to explain part of the factors influencing the effectiveness of the team and its ability to achieve its objectives, and other reasons related to the field of the problem and of Clearly, weakness in the performance of strategic leadership in the Iraqi environment.
In order to achieve the objectives of the present research the current study came through the research problem and its significance precisely the terms contained (strategic leadership and senior management) and to clarify the theoretical area of vocabulary research and theories of his own previous studies, but in practice has been adopted two measures referred to in line with the nature of the variables Find and appointed and achieve the objectives of research that appeared clear in the search results.

The figure of personality modes determines its privileged style in the use of modern and advanced technological tools in the process of changing and developing in order to keep up with that. The proses of selection and choosing administrators in the appropriate places are the most important functions of senior management because it is easy to adopt factory buildings or establishments But this is a human world as that of machines world. So it is required to have people in the process of changing those who have a time, Knowledge, skill, ability and strong administrative personal skills, those people (leaders) should to put a clear vision for the selection and application of the change efforts and to create the necessary climate and incentives for the process may be long and complex.
The researcher’s aim of this study is to find:
1. Identify the levels of each of the six personal style patterns according to Holland's theory of the three categories.
2. Identify the level of administers changes according to the three categories.
3. Significant statistical differences in each style of personal patterns according to Holland's theory depending on the variables of sex, years of administrative service of the three categories.
4. Significant statistical differences in the administers changes scale depending on the variables of sex, years of administrative service of the three categories.
5. Correlational relationship between each style of personal patterns according to Holland's theory and administers changes of the three categories.
6. The contribution of each style of personal patterns of administers changes measurement of the three categories.
Research limits:
The current research on the following categories is limited (administers in Ministry of Planning in the Government of Kurdistan-Iraq , and heads of departments in Salahaddin University-Erbil, and the head of primary and high schools in the city of Arbil) in the capital of Irbil for the academic year (2014 and 2015) according to sex and years of administrative services.
Research Procedures:
- The six personal style patterns of Holland's theor which was developed by (gafur, 2011) also (Hamad, 2007) and depending of literatures wich related to this subject was used current study , also researcher adopted on a scale (Ismail, 2007) for the variable of administers changes, then to checking the two measures the following steps were taken: (extract honesty Virtual, discriminatory power, the degree of correlation paragraph degree pattern and the total score of the scale, the degree of relationship of each category with the total degree of the scale, and stability in a way retail midterm and Alfa-kronbach).
-Appling a survey also the validity to the scale of personal patterns and then the final application of the two measures on three categories were applied with participants no. (462) of administrators in the Kurdistan governmental establishment.
Statistical methods:
Data collected in the study was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 19. Including statistical means unless: (T-test samples for two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test for one sample, Spearman Brown equation, Alfa-kronbach equation, analysis of variance duo, multiple regressions) .
Results:
1-There were statistically significant differences all six personal patterns according to the theory of Holland at the level of significance (0.001) of the administers in three categories and the differences were all for the benefit of the sample.
2. There were statistically significant a difference to the variable of administers changes at the level of significance (0.001) with the directors of the three categories and the differences were all for the benefit of the sample.
3- There were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) to all six personal patterns by sex and administrative years of service of the three categories, because the value of calculated T was smaller than the value of T in tabular to all personal patterns.
4. There were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) to administers changes variable depending on the sex and administrative years of service of the three categories, because the value of calculated T was smaller than the value of T in tabular to all personal patterns.
5. There were no statistically significant among the six personal patterns according to Holland's theory and administrators changes at any level of statistical significance, except statistical significant were found as a positive correlation between analytical pattern and administrators changes at the level of significance (0.05) and (0.01) of the Ministry of Planning administers and presidents of the department, Also results showed there were no statistically significant relationship between styles (artistic, traditional, adventurer) with administrators changes at any level of statistical significance. While the results suggest a positive relationship between patterns (realistic, analytical, social) at levels of significance (0.05) and (0.01) of the heads of primary and high schools .
6-Statistically significant contributions were found of some of the six personal patterns in administrators changes with the managers of the three categories.

The current research aims to know the effect of gardens ideas strategy on deductive thinking among fourth-grade science students in physics.
To investigate from the aim of the research, researchers put the following zero hypothesis:
- No statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the students mean scores of the two groups on indicative thinking test.
The research was carried out on the scientific fourth grade male students in Al – Mansour in Baghdad; belong to Education Directorate Al- Karkh /1, for the Academic Year (2014-2015) A.D.
Prepared research requirements included ] selected the scientific subject chapters ( 5,6,7,8,9 and 10 ) from physics text book, the formulation of behavioral objectives, prepared instructional plans for the experimental groups and control groups[ , after the presentation to a group of specialists .
The researchers applied the research tool by themself, indicative thinking test of (32), according to their psychometric properties.
The research sample was selected intentionally by the researchers which consisted of (80) male students, Randomized into two groups (40) students in experimental group and (40) students in control group.
The two groups students have been equalization by the following variables: (Pre physics knowledge, physics scores at mid-year, age in month, intelligence, indicative thinking).
Experimental group students studied by using indicative thinking strategy and the control group students studied by using traditional method, researcher studied the two research groups by himself three lessons per week.
Research tool was applied, indicative thinking test.
Statistical tools used to deal with the results.
The results showed (There is a statistically significant difference) between the experimental & control group students on indicative thinking test, favor the experimental group students.
According to mentioned above , the researchers had a number of recommendations which including to use gardens ideas strategy in teaching physics.
In light of the results, Researchers suggested making similar studies in several subjects, and the stages of a study to identify the impact in the achievement, and the attitude towards physics subject and other variables.

The aim of the present research is to know the following :
What are the Science and technology, society and environment issues (S.T.S.E) which included in the content of the chemistry Book third grade intermediate ?
And to achieve the objective of search The two researchers has prepares a list of science and technology, society and environment issues (STSE) consisted of (9) key issues namely ( Air quality and the atmosphere, sustainable development, water security, health and preventive security, mineral resources investment, pollution of various kinds, energy, food industry, production of weapons technology ) and from which (70) sub-issues emerge, Arbitrators competent agreement has been received . Then, the two researchers analyzed the content of the chemistry book third grade intermediate in the academic year (2015-2016) depending on the prepared list of the(S.T.S.E), was assured of the validity and reliability, The results showed The chemistry book third grade intermediate achieved (12) sub-issue with percentage of (17.14%) .
In the light of the search results, the two researchers recommend Including chemistry book third grade intermediate with main and sub- main issues of the (S.T.S.E) issues that have not been included , as one of the important modern attitudes in the scientific education , the researcher suggested to conducting other studies to analyze chemistry books for the other stages, and other subjects such as physics in the light of the same issues .

The recent research aims to. Know the Engagement with students of university. Know significant statistical differences in degrees depending Engagement with the following changes .The Gender (Males and females). The Specialization(scientific and humanitarian). The scholastic grade (first, second ,third, fourth grades) For achieving the aims of research , we must use the Descriptive method and Identify community search and selection its samples: The students of university of Baghdad for the academic year 2014-2015 represented by the scientific and humanitarian colleges of morning study for the grades (first, second, third and fourth) The number of colleges (25) of humanitarian and scientific disciplines of (12) College with a human specialization and (13) with a scientific discipline College. The research sample consisted of (460) students from the colleges of University of Baghdad students for the morning studies and each of the grades (first, second ,third and fourth ) which it has been selected them random way so (213) were male and 241 were female, the rate of (241) of scientific specialization and (219) of humanitarian specialization. It has been used tool of the research. It were be obtained the scale ( the Engagement ) in English, then translation of the researchers, were verified Psychometric characteristics, through sincerity of translation, virtual and honesty, structural, and strength discriminatory, checking the stability by a test manner and re-testing where the correlation coefficient reach to (0.85), in while the stability factor of Cronbach's alpha manner reached to (0.87), and the measure became in its final form consisting of (37) items .The results showed that college students have a good level of Engagement. There were no statistically significant differences in Engagement (sex, specialty and grade) was clear

The aim of the current research was to evaluate the content of the computer textbook for second grade intermediate in Iraq in accordance with the technological literacy and submitting developmental suggestions, the researchers adopted the descriptive and analytical approach. The researchers used as a population and sample of thier research are the content of the computer textbook for second grade intermediate.
In order to prepare the first draft of the research tool that content the five technological literacy fields (The Nature of Technology, Technology and Society, Design, Abilities of Technological World, The Designed World).
The researchers distributed the first draft tool among some experts and gave them enough time to check each item and removing or adding what is suitable for the tool to become in its final draft and to measure what has been prepared to measure, which the computer textbook content was analyzed and evaluated according on its light. The researchers to represent the percentage of these fields related to the academic content based on the viewpoints of specialists in educational and scientific area.
Regarding the unit of analysis it has been adopted the unit idea (explicit and implicit) as a unit of analysis, and found validity and reliability analysis by an agreement with the researchers themself and with two of outside analysts, the reliability was ranging between (87.33% -96.09%), it was acceptable reliability. It has been found that the content of the computer textbook for second grade intermediate Did not take into account the technological literacy fields required level axes were not observed, but the interest came about is an irregular and balanced, as well as the omission of Textbook to a set of criteria and indicators pertaining to technical literacy axes, so the researchers prepared a suggested material include these criteria and indicators after presenting them to a group of specialists in the fields of computers, curricula and methods of teaching science.

All - Mighty Allah is beautiful and loves beauty and Man is the only living that is given by the gift of Almighty Allah the ability to awareness of beauty and the taste of everything which recognized by him around all aspects of life.
So the children have more ability than others towards feeling the sense of beauty and the distinction between the beautiful and the ugly understanding , as they are attracted to the beauty , so we should promote and encourage their sense of beauty in future the beauty in behavior , in psychology and in the community, as well.
This is definitely be done through all of the surrounding for children, especially by kindergarten teacher that set an example emulated by the child, and thus has to be a kindergarten teacher can be characterized by the awareness of aesthetic of kindergarten teacher towards the children, and the high level of aesthetic awareness of the parameters contributing to the aesthetic taste in children's development.
Based on the above, the researchers developed a goal following:-
﴿Detection aesthetic awareness among kindergarten teachers ﴾
For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the current research, the researchers has prepared measure to measure the aesthetic awareness of kindergarten teachers , It has been applied on the sample which consisted of (400) teachers of the Teachers of kindergarten in the city of Baghdad .
The current study has found the followin that kindergarten teachers as a sample of research are enjoying with high-consciously aesthetic , The study also sets several recommendations and proposals, including the following:-
1. The need to develop a program to promote aesthetic awareness among kindergarten teachers.
2. Attention to aesthetic education for kindergarten teachers.

The first chapter
The importance of research and the need for him
We have recently increased prevalence of behavioral problems rate, especially among young people, and this has become clear to all. In the light of social changes, political and economic and security conditions and technological advances enormous, especially in the means of communication such as the Internet and satellite television and mobile phone, resulted in the entry of some habits and Western values on our society which led to a vibration private values with low economic situation and the increasing youth unemployment and the resulting frustrations led to a situation of social chaos that we see now in the community and the factors that helped this decay role socialization institutions, for the family concern of the parents has become a decent economic life for the children without adequate attention to instilling values and morality and try to address their problems in fast before they escalate, any event that there is a big gap between parents and children in many families, to busy parents for their children.
The religious upbringing institutions, what places of worship still play its role to the fullest, but the shortcomings come from the multiplicity of religious edicts and different on a private satellite channels to non-specialists in religion than a kind of intellectual confusion of the individual happens.

All of these factors may contribute in one way or another from the perspective of the researcher in the creation of many of the behavioral problems of the youth.

Objectives of the study
The present study aimed to identify:
1_todih concept of violence has historical roots.
2_almustlhat interlaced with violence.
3_tsnnif violence and its causes and consequences.
4_ theories that explain the violence.
5_ the concept of using the Internet and its importance.
6 _mvhom ill-used online.
7_ Criteria for Internet addiction.
8_ theories that explain the misuse of the Internet.
9_ Preventive and curative methods of behavioral problems