NTU Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences

The results study of efficiency of the alkaloid and phenolic extract of the seeds and leaves of the sesban plant in the average percentage of mortality the larvae of the red rusty flour beetle T. castaneum showed a variation in the average percentage of mortality insect larvae, are reached 62.08 and 73.75%, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there was a clear significant difference in the average percentage of mortality the larvae for both extracts. The results of the study showed a variation in the effect of the extract of the plant part of the seeds and leaves of the sesban plant on the average percentage of mortality insect larvae, which reached 67.08 and 68.75%, while the results of the effect of the concentrations of the alkaloid and phenolic extract were 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1%, to the average percentage of mortality insect larvae directly proportional to The studied concentrations increased and reached 50.00, 65.00, 72.50, and 83.33%, respectively. The results of the study showed the LC50 values and the relative toxicity of the alkaloid and phenolic extract of the seeds and leaves of the Sisban plant, indicating that the alkaloid extract of the leaves of the Sisban plant was superior to the rest of the studied extracts. The LC50 value reached 0.284 and the relative toxicity was 151.41 compared to the alkaloid extract of the seeds of the Sisban plant, which gave the lowest toxicity with an LC50 value of 0. 430 and a relative toxicity of 100.

This experiment was carried out in animal field of Kosar Com./Erbil, to study the effect of zinc oxide ZnO or nano Zinc oxide nZnO particles as feed supplementation on productive performance and milk components of Awassi ewes during the three months of lactation. 30 pregnant Awassi ewes 30 days before parturition, aged 3-4 years with an average weight of 58 ± 2.19 kg were used. Ewes were randomly distributed into three groups (10 ewes / group ). Basal ration were given (concentrated mixture + hay), the first group was considered a control group fed basal ration, second group was fed on basal ration + 60 mg/DM zinc oxide, third group was fed on basal ration + 60 mg/DM zinc oxide nanoparticles. Daily milk production from ewes was recorded and its components were measured biweekly and the monthly rate was calculated. Results indicate no significant differences in daily weight and dry matter intake in treatment groups compared to control. Milk production and daily milk yield were significant (p≤0.05) higher on the nZnO treatment compared to control group during the second and third months of lactation, and a significant (p≤0.05) increase in percentage and milk fat yield during the three lactation months. Moreover nZnO treatment showed a significant (p≤ 0.05) superiority in the amount of milk protein at the first and third month of lactation, and lactose at the third month of lactation. Also, nZnO treatment was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) superior in Zn concentration in milk compared to the control at the second and third month of lactation. The result revealed that zinc oxide nanoparticles as dietary supplements improved the amount and some components of milk in domestic Awassi ewes .

The major pathogens which infect cats is intestinal protozoa, so this study was applied to detect these protozoa in cats through collection of fresh fecal samples from 100 cats of various ages, sexes, management (stray or companion), sources and health conditions were gathered, placed in a sterile container and examined by direct smears, flotation method and culture methods were applied to detect the protozoa then different types of staining methods were used to investigate the protozoa by using light microscope. The results showed a total 58 (58%) were positive using all the diagnostic techniques, 46% direct smear, 52% using concentration method and 58% using culturing method , the stains which can be used to detected the protozoa appear different positivity rate 52% using Lugol's iodine stain, 50% using Safranin methylene blue staining, and 58% using Acid Fast staining method and Malachite green staining. Out of 100 feces samples, 58 were found to be infected with at least one parasite (58%). Among protozoon species, three protozoal species were detected including Isospora spp. (39.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (32.7%), and lowest rate of protozoa detected was Giardia spp. (27.8%), The infection rate of stray cats (90%), female cats showed higher prevalence of infection (64.4%) compare with male, older cats which showed less exposure to infections than younger cats (71%). The native animals recorded (72.9%). Healthy appearance animals showed low prevalence of infection compared with diarrheic animals (66.7%).

The study aims to assess soil salinity under the effect of groundwater and prepare spatial distribution maps of water characteristics, and water quality indices using a geographic information system. A total of 40 soil samples were collected from the surface layer at two different locations. The first location included 20 samples from the sedimentary soil unit, while the second location included 20 samples from the calcareous soil unit at wells sites. The samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of dissolved ions in the soil, such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium, as well as anions such as bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate. Many soil salinity indices were calculated such as SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio), Na% (Sodium Percentage), PS (Potential Salinity), RSC (Residual Sodium Carbonate), TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), and ESP (Exchangeable Sodium Percentage). Spatial distribution maps were prepared using Inverse Weighting Distance (IWD) in ArcGIS software. The results showed that the concentrations of calcium and chloride were high at both locations, while the sodium levels were moderate. Additionally, the value of EC and TDS are high. The water quality in the study area has an effect over time on soil degradation.

This study was conducted in the sheep field of the Agricultural Technical College in Mosul to find out the effect of adding Urea to the concentrated diet with four levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0)% on the digestibility coefficient of food compounds characteristics of rumen fluid, weights of lambs and some blood characteristics. Four Awassi lambs with an average weight of 33 kg, an average age 4-6 months were used in the experiment. The experiment was carried out using (4x4) Latin Square Design in four periods of 20 days each.
The results showed significant differences in the digestibility coefficient of dry matter, protein and fiber, while no significant differences appeared in the digestibility coefficient of organic matter and ether extract. The results also showed that there were no significant differences in pH, ammonia Concentration and numbers of protozoa in rumen fluid before feeding, while significant differences appeared in pit, ammonia concentration and protozoa numbers in the rumen fluid after feeding, also in the preparation of bacteria before and after feeding. There were also significant differences in the average final weight (Kg), total weight gain (kg) and daily. weight gain (gm). In blood characteristics, no significant differences appeared in the Concentration of total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides, while significant differences appeared in the concentration of urea and enzymes ALT and AST.

This research was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of some mechanisms of rhizobacteria that promote plant growth and to recommend their use as biofertilizers. Therefore, atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from the root nodules of six legume species (Vicia faba, Trifolium repens, Lens culinaris, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Lens culinaris subsp orientalis and Medicago sativa). These isolates were positive for most biochemical tests (Urease production, Congo red capture, Bromothymol blue capture, Lactose fermentation and Growth on glucose peptone agar), as well as to test the results of the effect of direct (nitrogenase activity, phosphate solubilization and indol production) and indirect (siderophore production) mechanisms. This indicates their effectiveness in providing the plant with necessary elements. All isolates were able to produce indole acetic acid (IAA) at varying levels. The ability of the legume isolate (MA6) to grow on glucose-peptone agar may indicate that it is not a Rhizobium, unlike the other five isolates. After detection of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of this isolate, it was found with 95% similarity to the global isolate Serratia surfactantfacien strain YD25 registered in GenBank. These results can contribute to recommend the necessity of using these isolates as well as emphasizing the use of the S. surfactantfacien isolate, to promote plant growth as a green and environmentally friendly biofertilizer to sustainably improve agricultural production.