Magazine of historical studies and archaeology

The nature of modem cities, it is the main goal to arrive to high level from development according to all cases if they are politic or social or economic and each thing make a modern city by what it needs from different sources , by focus reading and all these things help to arrive and to make a modem city.
The traditions of clan was very difficult especially according to study period and education conceder from the main factors in that period so , the lord of clan was the only person whose the control on every things in the clan to solve the conflicts and problems between it's sons , but the case developed especially in the middle of eighteenth by going to governments corts.
No responsibility and no good work and no serious effects make no more chances form work between it's sons , this the main aim that
lead them to discover a new roads which make them workers in the cities according to Al-Qadiseyah city or the others , but according to education was very rave in that period especially from 1988.
So, the people of city classified into two parts the part of Lords who are control on everything and part of Slaves who are serve the first part (Lords part) the case of economic was very weak especially in the beginning of ninth and the production of goods were very rave because the price were very expensive.

Throughout the Islamic era, states and the UAE have witnessed assassinations and killings as a result of political conflicts, conflicts of interest between the ruling parties and the personal desire to reach power, leading to the weakening of states and their subsequent fall. From this point on, the subject of the assassination and killing of the power holders in the Arab Maghreb from the 7th to 11th Hijri / 13th to 17th centuries, and the owners of the highest authority were the main influential group in the state and therefore were more exposed to murder, ). This category included sultans, princes, army commanders and even those who represent them in the administration of the state and bear the burden of governing them. The assassination and killing were a result of the corruption of the rulers and dissatisfaction with his rule, which led to the emergence of revolutions and the obedience of the ruler to get rid of him. In power Hope another which led to the assassination and murder affected many prominent figures as a result of greed for power.

Although historical sources have remained far from mentioned contributions of Tabasians in the field of knowledge and their important sconces, obviously the writers follow the footsteps of their kings as Tabas was affiliated at some point to the Islamic opposition parties, I mean by this Ismailia party which led authors to neglect or forget the rich scientific wealth left by Tabasians as well as many libraries were exposed to catastrophes.

Through the practice of buying credits and loyalties, the rulers The scientific aspect is a cornerstone of the Arab-Islamic civilization. The history of the Arab countries is closely linked to science and education. This aspect highlights the heritage of our Arab and Islamic nation, which is rich in scientific production. To raise the scientific level in the Mongol era, they have contributed to the revival of the scientific movement in various fields, especially in the sciences which they excelled in. This contributed to the stream of scientific movement with many pioneering achievements, which were the best evidence and evidence of their distinguished science. And on the ground, whether through their students who have learned science at their hands, or scientific findings in the fields of diverse knowledge, and as a result, the recovery of the scientific movement contributed to increase the care of the scientists of the Islamic nation in different directions of knowledge, and gave them opportunities to broadcast their science and ideas, The clear effect of contributing to raising the scientific levels of the Islamic community.

The importance of the study is to uncover the means and laws pertaining to oil affairs, which the government of the revolution worked on issuing and adopting a policy contrary to the policy of the government of the royal monarchy. Oil is an important resource in the financing of the country's budget and depends on it mainly in Iraq. Always to create excuses and control and deprive his people of this wealth, we have seen the period of the twenties and thirties of the last century and we mean the privileges of oil and how to control it and exploit it at the lowest prices.
This wealth must be taken care of and maintained by the governors of the matter and the people also because of their resource to revive the country through the services provided by the State in the case of exploitation of its revenues in the right manner, as well as the rest of the sectors, which are non-existent at the present time, which must be a support for this sector (Such as agriculture and industry), that the government of the revolution sought to save this wealth and entered into negotiations and issued a law that identified the areas of investment of colonial companies, and issued other laws and important and is the basis for the establishment of the National Oil Company in 1964.
Iraq is one of the oil producing countries, which has a huge reserve of oil, but it has not been exploited properly in the present time, although the opposite did not see the best services at all levels.

In the second half of the fourth century AD, the sons of Yafran appeared in the theater of political events in Andalusia in the second half of the fourth century AH (347 AH / 958 AD), where a section of the Yafran migrated to Andalusia after the death of their emir, Ali bin Muhammad al-Yafrani, over the leader of the Fatimid caliph al-Mu'izz The first migration was in the year (347 - 958 m) as we mentioned earlier after the killing of their emir, Ali bin Muhammad al-Yifrani, the second migration was in the year (387 e-997 m), after the death of Their prince, Yiddo bin Yali al-Farni, at the hands of Ziri ibn Attia al-Maghraoui. He migrated from Bani Yafran to Andalusia.
They served in the army of Mansour Mohammed ibn Abi Amer and participated with Mansour in his conflict with Ziri Ben Attia Maghraoui were sons of Yafran of the most Berber men of Mansur ibn Abi Amer, as well as the sons of Yafran in the sedition of Cyrptic when it was in the year (399 - 1007 m), as for their relations With Beni Hammoud there was a marriage between them, and by virtue of the relations between Beno Yifran and Beni Hammoud, the sons of Hamoud used the sons of Hmoud Rajalat, son of Yefran, to repopulate them in the areas of Beno Hammoud in Andalusia. Beno Yifran also established Amara in Randa (403-458) (1012-1065) Led by their emir Abu al-Nur ibn Abi Qora, and the relations between the sons of Yafran with the sons of slaves were not at one pace, when T (433 AH / 1041 AD) I register for Abu Al-Nour Ibn Abi Qora Al-Yafrani, the city of Randa, so the sons of Yafran settled in the city of Randa, but that did not last very long, so the Mu'tazid ibn Abad, Prince of Bani, Yafran Abu Al-Nour, Ibn Abi Qora, killed him.
(1065 AD) and the killing of the Prince of Benno Yafran Abu Al-Nur bin Abi Qarat al-Yafrani interrupted the news of Benno Yafran al-Zanateen in Andalusia.

The study of characters one from important historical studies since it has effective and significant impact in explain many of historical facts ,and make the personality in correct scientific fied ,especially those who have had an active influence in fixed national situations and fundamental in governance which represented has government positions such as prim ministers and ministries so there is need to shed light about these personalibes ,one of the me saad allah al jabiry who become prime minister of Syria duriny 1947 – 1943 .
Saad allah al-jabiry was is atypical personalily and he fought his life and took field cfpoliticallife from his early age ,his importance on revolutionary political action to save his country from French control ,and helped him his knowledge in many languages which he spoke like enylish ,French, german and Turkish that’s why he was with a brilliant brain with aspirations in all fields to build abright futurday and bright fatune to his precious country Syria and from heve we choose saad allah al-jabiry and his political role until 1947,the reseavcher selected course until 1947,and the reason in this is death year and leave from the life.

Messa has given the Islamic Arabian culture the gist of its intellect and introduced to history celebrated intellectuals in poetry prose, linguistics and morality. It is represented by Islamic intellectual and prominent leaders. By the generous effort of the educational circle, the researcher intends to study all aspects of Messa,s intellect in Biography through one of its most prominent figures . i.e, Imam Atah Bin Abi Rabah who is not given attention and studied though he is one of the most famous narrators , in addition to the importance of his historical narrative . Thus he is chosen to be the subject of this thesis because of his importance and because of the necessity of studying this figure. The aim of the study is to present his scientific life that his predecessors started and who made of Mecca a beacon for science and knowledge. It is important to shed light on the heritage of those begotten by Mecca and who through history, are immortalized because of their great deeds and giving's.

The issue of reforming the tariff in the United States was a very sensitive one, because the majority of the ruling parties, which tried to reform it caused a split within the party, and the President William Howard Taft, who took over the presidency for the period (1909-1913),has risked in taking that mission, and made it the first task of his electoral program, and he succeeded by a huge support from him in passing Payne - Aldrich tariff, but it actually caused a split in the ruling Republican party which led to lose the presidential election in 1912.

The attitude of Saudi Araba from the movement of Libyan national Struggle until 1953 and bilateral relations between countries after independence until 1953.

The issue of Palestinian refugees is considered one of the most important issues that witnessed a wide argument in the League of Arab States because the people of Palestine is the more people that witnessed the terrorism and the exclusion of the cancellation of inalienable national rights and the removal of its historical, social, cultural and economic entity, the national political regime, to become homeless and sporadic people in many Arab countries. In spite of the positive role of these States toward refugees, but they remain without land and a homeland of the host Arab countries
.
This study shows the role of the United Nations and its activity in this issue that witnessed the repeating and continuing deficit in the activity of Refugee Relief Agency under the pretext of the lack of money allocated to the Relief and Works Agency for Palestine refugees, as well as the projects of the American and Zionist that aim to obstacle all local and international efforts to provide services to the refugees, as well as on the activity of the Conference of the supervisors who deals with the refugee affairs in the host Arab countries and the requirements of the human ,social , economic and educational aspects. It is considered a real defended for the Palestinian people and the positive point of the Arab League towards their peoples as their home for all Arabs.

Finally, the issue of refugees and what is similar from the ambiguity is considered the negative point in the history of the Arab nation in general and the Palestinian people in particular because the rape of its rights and losing of money and property by the Zionist entity represents a challenge of the Arab League and the resolutions of the United Nations and its laws of freedom and self-determination of peoples this issue remains without a just solution for the fate of the Palestinian people.

because the royal family interest in education in Egypt to the era of Muhammad Ali , founder of this family , he has laid the foundations of scientific renaissance , and was credited with the establishment of many schools and sending scientific missions to Europe and the revival of Sciences and Arts during the duration of his reign 1805 -1848 , and no doubt that this renaissance continues the era of his children and grandchildren , including Prince Ahmed Fouad , where interested in education , especially higher education , he was known for his interest in scientific and cultural projects , the establishment of an Egyptian University in Cairo after the education was based in mosques, schools and regular Kettatib,
So it was Prince Ahmed Fouad Mlhaudha and prominent role in the establishment of the Egyptian University to expand and upgrade the perceptions of the Egyptians through the deployment of Arts and Science, grew up Alamirahmad Fouad and raised in a European environment dictated by the acquisition of scientific and cultural experiences have had an impact in the creation of the university.

Incense burner means to achieve the desired goal of customs and beliefs through the use of incense in different occasions and throughout the ages, so the research came to shed light on one of the ancient art industries created by the Muslim industry (stone and pottery incense burners ), the Iraqi Museum included many models of these Incense burners, which date back to different periods of the Islamic era, were studied and their time periods were determined in the light of the results of archaeological excavations of some of them, and others dated through comparisons in terms of the material from which they were made, and the general shape and decorations carried on them.

The motive for the embodiment of composite animals or "transformed from nature and superstition", as some call it, was not the inability of the artist to imitate reality, nor was it a means of concealing the analogy to God on the Day of Judgment, but rather to the feeling of constant preoccupation with eternal existence. Thus, the Muslim artist realized that "precision does not lead to truth. The truth is not the image that corresponds to the form, but in the form corresponding to the whole meaning." The Arab Muslim artist sought to transcend the world of martyrdom to reach the world of the unseen. When he drew a form in a manuscript or on a wall or A piece of fabric was not sought from the image to precision and simulation, but to drop his intuition in an invisible world with borders and separations
Based on this view, the appearance of the composite animals in the Islamic artistic productions spread over different periods and varied in their forms, excelled in drawing them in harmony, even though they are made up of several different objects. The Arab Muslim artist gave wide spaces to his art to represent the wild animal forms, The work of aesthetic content is combined with symbolic content

The research studies the most important points of similarity between the most important epics and legends of Mesopotamia and between Greek epics and legands in addition to religious beliefs and Goddess and its symbols. With clarification and confirmation that the epics, legends and the Greek goddess are only part of the civilization of Mesopotamia and moved to it through the ages.