Magazine of historical studies and archaeology

Monotheism, that is, the worship of the one God, is one of the religious concepts that many researchers and scholars have researched, especially in ancient civilizations, including ancient Iraq, and for this we will try here to take a new look or idea about the origins of the existence of Monotheism in the religion of the ancient Iraqis, represented in the worship of the God of Heaven who is called AN by the Sumerians and Anu by Akkadian, What encouraged us is the important role of the God of Heaven / Anu in the beliefs of the ancient Iraqis, he is the father of the gods and their greatness, and he is the first in the trinity of the Sumerian goddess or the state of the gods, who is written with the sign DINGIR also it is the same general word for the deity known as īlu for the Akkadian, that importance and for other reasons encouraged us to put on a new belief in an attempt to bring the name of God Almighty closer to the name of God AN, which we will present in this scientific research

Early historians sought to take care of the agricultural activity, and paid special attention to it. The book contains many agricultural terms that carry in their connotations and interpretation of many meanings, as between many irrigation systems and their methods and irrigation methods and described accurately and clearly and organized systems commensurate with the importance of the importance of agricultural activity, The research includes two subjects, the first of which dealt with the biography and life of Ibn Sayyidah and briefly to be addressed in other studies. The narratives and storage methods addressed by Ibn Sayyidah in his book dedicated and the descriptions of the narrative descriptive and accurate are not necessarily available in most of the country or historical literature.

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, Japan began implementing a policy that would expand in East Asia, establish an empire subject to it and work to keep other countries away from that region, as it seemed clear that Japanese foreign policy at that point was going in the directions of the military who were convinced that Japanese soldiers would be welcomed in all A place from Asia that they are liberated from European colonialism, but the thing that the military leaders did not give importance to is waking up the nationalist feeling against all forms of colonialism, especially since the Japanese presence did not differ much in its style from European colonialism, so the Japanese faced resistance from Yefa in China since the first day they set foot.

Our research, entitled \"Bashawiya Baghdad and the Elements of the Ottoman Administration System\" (1831-1869), dealt with a number of historical facts and incidents with administrative and social ramifications that passed through the city of Baghdad at an important stage, especially the last Ottoman era in Iraq, which resulted in countless economic, administrative and administrative problems. The rules of the administrative system. This dynamic topic included three studies in which we tried to read and follow the policy of the Ottoman Empire and to manage it to fill the civil administrative system and its great importance in drawing the architectural and urban aspects in Bashwiya Baghdad. According to the following: The first topic included the main pillars of the Ottoman administration in Baghdad, while the second Muhta on the mention of Baghdad and the foundations of the Ottoman administration system. The third topic, he talked about the foundations of other administrative institutions in Bashawiya Baghdad. The study was based on an important collection of Arabic and translated books and references, along with a number of letters, university papers and periodical journals, which were utilized during the period of research 1831-1869.

The Nile River is the lifeblood of Egypt, in addition to the Nile River is of great importance for all countries of the Nile Basin in all fields of agriculture, economic and other areas, and the sources of the Nile River, which stems from the tropical plateau and the Ethiopian plateau and Bahr El Ghazal and Blue Nile, and there are many agreements governing The exploitation of the Nile water between the Nile basin countries and the most important, the Protocol of 1891 and the agreement signed in Brussels in 1894 and the Convention of 1929 and the Convention of 1959, However, there was a great disagreement Egypt, a country downstream with the rest of the countries of the Nile Basin countries upstream.
However, the water relations between Egypt and the Congo were fine, because the Congo did not need the water of the Nile River, because it is self-sufficient water, did not disagree with Egypt or object to any water agreement concluded by Egypt regarding the waters of the Nile River, Egypt has tried to win over Congo in all forms to continue with it in its positions on water issues.
When Israel tried a lot to get enough water from the Nile, and even before it was established, the Zionist movement tried to focus on the issue of water from the Nile since its early meetings. One of the projects for Egypt to get some of the Nile water through the Sinai, but Egypt has always rejected this.

The Iraqi folklore in general, and Al-Baghdadi in particular, is a system of cultural knowledge and cognitive concepts, based on its accumulation to a historical-civilizational depth.
Heritage: It is a set of traditions, inherited customs, monuments, culture, and the activities that flow from one generation to another.
Therefore, the author, historian and folklore professor Aziz Jassem Al-Hajji, and his role in Al-Baghdadi heritage should be highlighted by his book “Baghdadyat”, which included various Baghdadian customs and traditions and the Baghdadi folk tradition that Al-Baghdadi practiced in their daily lives.
The research dealt with his biography, the works he practiced, his writings, and his death, as well as the nature of Al-Baghdadi's folklore, and defining the methodology of his book "Baghdadi" with examples of popular legacy of Baghdadi mentioned in the book "Baghdadi"

Historical Writing emerged in early Islamic history, and if he historical blogging wasn't new to the world of thought before Islam -where many of nations pre Islam knew that kind of writing- Muslims have, in addition to their development of originally existing curricula; brought new curricula and themes and types of historical writing which were not known to them. For example, historical writing was done according to the classes created by the Arabs which weren't preceded by others " the division of classes is Islamic authentically, and it may sound like it is a chronological division found in the Islamic historical thinking ", and so the 'Biographical Dictionary' was a product of Arab Muslims and the most important intellectual contribution they have made in the s historiography ...".

At the end of the 1980s, the ruling class in American was concerned from fukuyam's theory of 1989-1992.Fukuyama argues that history has a tendency and that the spread of liberal democracy globally.Totalitarian regimes in southern Europe. And Fukuyama's 1989 observations seems to ponder reflections on the nature of the future. American's cosmopolitan specialization has been limited to defending the democratic principle threatened by Nazism and Japanese militarism, then Russian and Chinese communism, Both world war 11 and the cold war have played the historic role of American, which carries dangerous dimensions to its own patronage, In the world?
The unavoidable consequence of this is that the United States will become a military power that is useless for the world and must give in to the fact that it has become a democracy among other democracies.
American's uselessness to the world has alarmed Washington's leaders and foreign policy planners. Brzezinski accepts the implicit challenge of Fukuyama's paradox, proposes a diplomatic and military approach to retain control of the ancient world, and divides peoples on a religious and ethnic basis, following the example of the west

The writer's prophetic Nabhwyaa Musa showed intelligence, prestige, and ability to argue and respond, which he never hindered since she was a child and even after she grew up. She was strict in form, dress, and dealings with men for the sake of her reputation.
It did not deal exclusively with the issue of women's workers, but also important and important issues from within Egyptian society. She worked in many aspects and was a poet, writer, journalist, teacher and others.

The companion Abad bin Bishir Al-Ansari that he was entered Islam before immigration of Al-Mustafa by Musaab bin Omair Abad had been attend with the prophet all of infestations as well as his participation in the killing of the jew that he was hurm the prophet . The prophet had been pleaded to him saying , in another narration .
He had become by his luminous stick , as God respeded him by this dignity his stick his light up at night when he heading to his house .
The lady Aaiasha three from the Ansar no bady could be better than them all of them form bani Snhail (Saad bin Maath , Aseed bin khudhiar and Abad bin Bishir) he had martyred on the in the period of Al-Sidiq after his fishting in the (11AH) .

Historians of the eighth century AH have reported the history of some rulers and kings in ancient history, from the works that preceded them in writing, and spoke about their qualities, ethics, and politics and pointed to their progress, and during the history of Islam, and after the development of historical writing became a part of history the translation of political figures in their works, "the interrelations of worldly historians have led them to the need to pay attention to politicians, successors, sultans and so on, because they represent the first line of power in the state .
Historians of the Levant have considered the rulers to have good qualities or flaws in their qualities such as courage, courage, injustice, oppression, bloodshed, justice, love of science, etc .
The attention of the historians of the history books in the Levant during the eighth century AH focused mainly on the biography of the successors of the Muslims, sultans and kings who ruled in the Islamic countries, they pointed to the pros and cons of others, and insulted others to the disadvantages of their seat criticizing their morals and justice .

Young Iraqi officers were influenced by the principles of the 23rd of June 1952 revolution in Egypt. A group of Iraqi officers have been activated and try to have the same lines and resolutions like the free officers in Egypt; therefore they form the free officers' organization which state clearly that Iraqi free officers were affected by the Egyptian experience .
14th June 1958 revolution in Iraq was a reflection of the large congestion case of the Arab public in general and Iraq in specific as a result of huge tension on the societies and the outbreak of revolution leads great results. Of the most important results are: being free of tensions and moving towards free expression concerning the leftic and national feelings and other trends in a free and obvious form.
Al-Ihram newspaper was one of the most important papers which represents the change of roles according to the policy of Egyptian government and the situations of the president Abdul-Nasir without being free of this large constriction.
Therefore, we find the situations of Al-Ihram newspaper during the revolution in its first days differs from the period after the revolution or what is called the period of diversity. Thus, our research will be divided into two parts, the first is allocated to the situations of Al-Ihram from the 14th of June revolution before and during the revolution whereas the second is specified to the period after the diversity which lead to the final results based on that policy.

The port of the ALJaar in the era of our Prophet Muhammad has the most important role in public life. In addition, our Islamic religion added more importance to the port and had no hindrance. On the contrary, Islam contributed to its prosperity and continued its work. Far from the trade only, but in the transfer of funds, especially the tribute, that the port of ALJaar became an important economic source and has a significant role in political and economic life has increased its importance after Bzokh Islamic religion is not a religion of equality and justice did not know between other religions, including the trade of Jews with Muslims, This is the Port in the following historical covenants because it emphasized the freedom of trade and trade

The Islamic metal incense burners are one of the most prestigious artistic industries created by the Muslim industries. They designed them in different forms including geometric and animal, as well as the use of architectural forms in their design used various types of metals in their manufacture, and the Iraqi Museum included some models of these incense burners, dating from different periods of the Islamic era They were studied and their time periods were determined in the light of the results of some archaeological excavations Others are dated through comparisons in terms of the material from which they were made, the shape and decorations on which they were made.

The current research dealt with the subject of story art of Arabs before Islam, this art considered a natural and linguistic method, which used by the Arabs before Islam to portray the reality of their social and natural life, the author of the story, intended to harness or employ most of his potential and energies to bring out his artistic creations to achieve his goal of telling the story.
In our current research, we have tried to present several topics, of which we have seen how important it is to give the main point on which the research based, which is the story art in the pre-Islamic period, in this research has reviewed a general introduction, then we discussed the introduction of a set of concepts for the meaning of story art, then presented the most important features that characterized the art of fiction of the Arabs before Islam, then moved to the types, as we explained how the Arabs before Islam practiced the types of this art according to the events and facts in which they were passing.

The Turkmen appeared in Anatolia, and the great and effective role that the Turkmen played and recorded by history, and the great task that they carried on their shoulders since they came from Central Asia to the Levant and Anatolia from protecting the country and repelling its gaps.
The Turkmen played a major role in this jihad against the Crusades, to repel and resist these campaigns, whether they were leaders or soldiers.
Based on this, we wanted to shed light on this effective participation and this great jihad presented by the Turkmen at this important stage in the history of Islam, in order to further study this historical period and shed light on more heroes and soldiers who made sacrifice and struggled in the way of God Almighty .
This study comes to shed light on the role of the Turkmen in the jihad against the two crosses, whether they are princes and followers, and to shed light on that era and stand on the role of reformers who rose from the nation from its weakness and revived it from its rest to confront its enemies.

The study aims at investigating the life of Al-A’yeni and his methodology in citation in the sources of his book Uqd Al-Joman fi tareekh Ahl Azzaman about the Ayybid era for the period from (565-628 AH/1169-1230 AC). The nature of study requires the division into four pivots: the biography of Al-A’yeni in terms of name, nickname, pedigree, surnames, and foundations, his methodology in his Uqd Al-Joman fi tareekh Ahl Azzaman which includes the utterances, and the formula in the transmission which were varied whether with or without a source. This paper tackled the manner of transmission about the narrations in terms of addition and refutation of the sources, followed by the illusions of historians. The study also includes a conclusion the most important findings and a list of references.