Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences

An experiment was carried out at agriculture college university of karbala to
study the effect of red beet (Beta vulgris) meal and mallow (Malva parviflora) mixture meal with different concentrations as antioxidant on growth parameters and the
nutritional value of fingerlings diet (Cyprinus carpio L.) the mixture (1.5,10%) to
(A,B,C) and D as control treatment with initial weight 11.68g.fish-1
in duplicates with
five fish in each treatment. Results showed that there were significant difference in
diet composition between treatments during storage there was no influence on protein
content in (TC). They were 28.88 % and 28.84% at the begging and the end of storage respectively. (TC) gave the best result at (p<0.01) in total weight gain weight increasing daily, the relative growth rate, feed conversion rate, feed efficiency ratio and
the survival rate. (TC) was the best in deacreasing oxidation at TBA value it was 1.98
mg malonaldehyde.kg-1
at the end of storage according to ( TA and TB) were 3.83
,2.27 mg malonaldehyde.kg-1
respectively and treatment (D) control appeared high
value in TBA was 6.13 mg malonaldehyde.kg-1

This study was carried out in lath house/ Horticulture and Landscape Gardining
Department/ College of Agriculture/ University of Baghdad/ Jadria site for 2015-
2016 year to study the effect of different ratios of loamy soil: peat moss: spent
mushroom on vegetative and flowering growth of Gerbera jamesonii plant. Results
could be summarized as follows : 1:2:1 ratio was the best in leaf area, wet and dry
weight giving 635.60 cm2 7.71g and 3.37g respectively. The mixture 1:1:2 enhanced
flowers number and their diameter , height and diameter peduncle, vase life, flower
wet and dry weight , nitrogen percentage, leaves number and offshoots giving 5.08
flower, 8.90 cm, 33.87cm, 6.25mm, 10.25 days, 5.15g, 0.81g, 1.13% , 33.33 leaf and
5.00 offshoot respectively compared with other treatments.

This study was carried out in the toxines Laboratory of pathological analysis-in
the College Sciences as The Evlution efficiency of Lactobacillus plantarum in
decrease of Zearalenone to toxicity The aim of this study was to evalute the
efficiency of Lactobacillus plantarum bacterium detoxificated of zearalenone
toxin.The results and diagnose showed Fusarium spp. Fungus appearance and
frequency was 32% and 5.33% respectively. Also results of Fusarium spp.test on the
production of zearalenone toxin Thin layer chromatography(TLC) showed 13
isolated produced to toxin out of 18 isolation in the rate 72.22% The study results
showed the effectiveness of the bacteria L. plantarum in reducing the toxicity of
zearalenone externally(In vitro) since disappeared shin spot poison zearalenone
treatment with bacteria from plate Thin layer chromatography when exposed UV at a
360 nm wavelength . reinforced this result vital tests that took place inside the body
of animals albino Rat and the transaction of zearalenone pre-treatment bacterium L.
plantarum the physiological blood parameters were completely intact and showed
clear variances in the physiological blood parameters in animals treated to
zearalenone only. The count of red blood cells in the treatmet bacteria and toxin
6.66x106
cell/mm3 as treated in poison treatment only 4.81x106
cell/mm3
and count of
white blood cells in the treatment of bacteria and poison 13.18x103 mm
3 while the
treatment of poison only 14.56x103 mm
3
the quantity of PCV of bacteria and poison
62.76% and the treatment of poison only 42.5%

This study was carried out in the Plant Virology Laboratory belonging to the
Plant Protection Department at the Faculty of Agriculture-Karbala University with
the aim of isolation and molecular identification of five fungi, isolated from the roots
of some tomato plants growing in the plastic tunnels located in a desert region in
Karbala governorate during the agricultural season 2017-2016, using the polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) technique and determining the sequences of nitrogen bases of
PCR products amplified by the universal primers ITS1 and ITS4.
Results, obtained from the PCR amplification and analysis of the sequences of
nitrogen bases of PCR-amplified products using BLAST program (Basic Local
Alignment Search Tool), showed that the identified isolates are belonged to the fungi
Rhizoctonia solani, F. verticilliodes, F. solani and P. tardochrysogenum. From the
comparison of the sequences of nitrogen bases obtained from the identified fungal
isolates with those available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information
(NCBl), it was revealed that the identified fungi R. solani and P. tardochrysogenum
were not previously recorded at NCBI, therefore; the identified sequences of these
fungi have been deposited and recorded in GenBank database (NCBI) under the
accession numbers: KX255861and KX555634

This study conduced in private farm in Karbala from 20/1/2016-15/7/2016 , the
aim of this study is investiget the effect of zingiber officinale powder and folic acid
added to Ration of local Iraqi Goat kids as afood addition on some blood triaits,18
Kids in 1-2 years old randomly divided to three group (6 each) Kids of first group
(control ) free of any addition concentrated diet in percentage 2% of body weight
with grazed on farm pasture , the 2nd group (T1) feeded on the same ration with
adding 8 mg.kg concentration daite of folic acid as food addivites , the 3rd group (T2)
feeded on same ration with 30 gr.kg concentration diat as afood addivites ,red blood
cell ,white blood cells . heamoglobine,total blood protein , albumin and globuline are measured monthly,the results showed asignificant increase (P< 0.05) , in RBCs
,WBCs and Hb in T1 and T2 group compared with control group, total blood protein
and globuline are asignificant increase (P< 0.05) in T2 group compared with control
group , while bold albumin is no significant differ between all groups

The present study aimed to determine the effect of selenium on the
physicochemical and sensory properties of the functional yogurt process by
fortifying the full fat milk with four concentrations of organic selenium 50,100,150
and 200mg.L
-1
presented by T1,T2,T3,and T4 respectively, as well as the control
treatment in which the yogurt was made from full fat milk without added selenium .
chemical tests were conducted to determine the percentage of moisture , protein ,fat,
carbohydrate, ash ,non-protein nitrogen, degree of fat acidity, peroxide number and
physical tests which included total acidity, pH value, viscosity, whey exaggerated and
water retention as well as sensory, evaluation immediately after manufacture and
storage at a temperature of (5 ± 1)Cº for 21days. The results showed that yogurt
fortify with selenium were kept the moisture control close to the moisture content of
the control treatment, while during storage we observed a slight decrease in their
values for all treatments. the percentage of fat was equal in all fortify and non-fortify
yogurt, and its percentage was increased in all treatments during storage. the
percentage of protein and carbohydrate was close at yogurt for all treatments, and the
percentages of non-protein nitrogen and PH values were close for all treatments
under study. Yogurt fortified with selenium were characterized by low degree of acid
fat value and peroxide number immediately after manufacture as well as in all storage
periods compared with high values for the control treatments. fortifying with
selenium led to improve the yogurt rheological properties represent by viscosity,
whey exaggerated and water retention, in addition, fortifying with selenium improved
the sensory properties of yogurts especially yogurt treatments fortified at a
concentration of 100and 200 μm. L-1
.

An experiment was conducted in the collage of Agriculture ,University of kufa ,
during the growing season of 20016-2017 to study the effects of irrigation with
magnetized water(MW) at density level of 1600 gauss, the fungus Aspergillus and the
herbicide Granstar (at 50% and 100% of the recommended dose) on wheat growth
parameters and yield. Results showed that Aspergillus spp interacted with MW
significantly resulted in the highest values of NPK content and yield compared to the
lowest values from the Granstar and weedy control treatments with and without MW,
respectively. On the other hand, irrigation with MW always resulted in higher valuesof tested parameters than that those irrigated with regular water, all treatments
interacted with MW had better and higher effects compared to of those interacted
with regular water. The study showed that using the bio-controlling agent
Aspergillius spp decreased weed and increased wheat growth. and using magnetized
water is useful for better growth parameters and yield in wheat fields.

Experiment was conducted during the growing season of summer 2014 in a rice
field at Al-Hira district in the province of Najaf to examine two factors, water type
(magnetized MW and regular RW) and herbicide (Nominee and Rainbow at full and
half of the recommended dose) and their effects on rice growth parameters including
plant height, number of branches, fresh and dry weight. The experiment was two
factorial base on Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three
replicates. Results showed significant differences among all treatments in the
experiment. The MW treatment significantly resulted in higher values of all
parameters tested compared to the RW and weedy treatments, respectively. However,
values of tested plant parameters were higher in both herbicides treatments with no
significance compared to those of the MW treatment but at the same time were
significantly much higher where compared to other treatments. Comparison between
the herbicides showed that Nominee resulted in higher, but not significant, growth
parameters compared those of the herbicide Rainbow. While, interaction among all
treatments showed that the best results were from MW interacted with Nominee over
other interaction treatments. Magnetized water in this study was approver to be
effective treatment in supporting all growth parameters in rice crop fields.

The aim of this novel study which is the first study in Egg production technology
through the use of different concentrations of two types of food flavors used in the
feed, the first is vanilla and the second one is the orange flavor, as well as improve
some of the eggs produced of Japanese quail birds. Practical part of research was
conducted at the college of Agriculture at Abu Ghraib / University of Baghdad for the
period from 23/9/2016 until 30/12/2016. The 30-day-old Japanese quail were reared
in cages .Two types of food flavors ( the vanilla flavor and orange flavor) were used
(powder form), Spanish made were purchased from commercial markets located in
the area of Shorja / Baghdad. The animals were divided into five groups with two
replicates for each groupA First: Control group (without any addition to feed), Second:
1% vanilla flavor was added to feed. Third: 0.5% vanilla flavor was added to feed.
Fourth: 1% orange flavor was added to feed. Fifth: 0.5% orange flavor was added to
feed. The results of the statistical analysis of the production characteristics showed
significant differences (P <0.01) which showed that best enhancement was appeared
in the second and fifth treatment groups followed by the third and fourth treatment
groups. The first treatment showed the lowest characteristic values in the percentage
of egg production average of eggs weight, accumulative egg production, produced
eggs weight and the food conversion ratio (FCR) during the last three periods of the
study. In conclusion, we suggest the possibility of adding 0.5% or 1% of vanilla
flavor and orange flavor respectively of this commercial food flavorings to the diet of
the birds to improve productive characteristics of Japanese quail

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma harzianum and
Trichoderma viride, and two isolates of Glomus mosseae (G1 and G2) fungi and
their combination on the concentration of the tomato foliage system (Solanum
lycopersicum L(.The results revealed that all tested bioagents and their combination
induced significantly increased all test growth parameters compared to the control
treatment. The results also showed that the dual inoculation with Trichoderma
harzianum + G1 , Trichoderma harzianum + G2 recorded significant superiority over
all tested treatment in the concentration of the macro elements which recorded 480
and 468.33 % for total Nitrogen content 0.483 and 0.400 % for Phosphorus content
4.296 , 4.253 % for Potassium and the micro elements which recorded 19.67 and
17.67 mg/kg, 42.13 and 40.18 mg /kg , 167.67 and 158 and 2235 and 2112.7 in
addition to leaf area and chlorophyll concentration that recorded ( 41.36 and
m.kg-1
30.83 ) cm2
.plant-1
( 25.65 and 20.5 ) mg.gm
-1
respectively Compared to
control treatment, which recorded of 308 % total nitrogen, 0.116 % phosphorus total,
2.3 % total potassium, (Fe 1367, 45 Mn, 21.02 Zn and 7 Cu)) mg.kg-1
and 10.86 cm2
.leaf-1
area, 9.03 mg.g
-1 Chlorophyll concentration respectively

The aim of this study was to isolate and diagnose two different isolates of Tomato
yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and to investigate the biotype of whiteflies insects
(Bemisia tabaci) using the polymerase chain reaction technique to determine the
sequences of the nitrogen bases of the PCR-amplified products to identify the genetic
similarity and differences between the virus isolates as well as among the biotypes of
whiteflies (B. tabaci) spread in the sampling areas in some of the provinces of Iraq
(Najaf, Karbala, Babylon and Dewanyia) in addition to know which of them are more
prevalent in those areas.
Results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test using the TY1 and TY2
primers showed the possibility of amplifying a PCR product of 580 base pairs (bp)
from the TYLCV isolates obtained from some areas in the provinces of Najaf,
Babylon. It was also found from the results of the analysis of the mitochondrial
cytochrome oxidize I (mtCOI) sequences generated from the PCR-amplified products
amplified from B. tabaci samples collected from different regions in Najaf, Karbala,
Babylon and Diwaniya governorates, that the biotype B is the only biotype identified
in this study, which makes the presence and dominance of this biotype more
dangerous in the spread of TYLCV in nature for being one of the two biotypes of this
insect that is responsible for the transmission of TYLCV

This study was conducted to isolate and identify three isolates of the pathogenic
fungus Pythium aphanidermatum causing seed rot and seedlings death in cucumber
plants (Cucumis sativus L.) collected from three different regions, namely Abbasiya,
Um-Abbasiyat and Qazwainiya in the province of Najaf. Pathogenicity test on
cucumber seeds showed that all isolates from the three regions were pathogenic and
caused seed rot. Isolate P. aphanidermatum from Al-Abbasiya region was the most
aggressive isolate followed by the isolates obtained from Um-Abbasiyat and
Qazwainiya regions that caused cucumber seed rot of 90, 74 and 72%, respectively;
whereas no seed rot was seen in the control treatment.
Results obtained from the polymerase chain reaction (P.C.R) of two most
pathogenic isolates (P.a1 and P.a2) on cucumber seeds showed that it was possible to
amplify 700-800 bp sized products. Results of the sequence analysis of nitrogen bases
generated from the PCR-amplified products using BLAST showed that both isolates
are belonging to the fungus P. aphanidermatum. The P.a2 was 100% identical to the
globally isolated fungus that deposited at the National Center for Biotechnology
Information (NCBI). The BLAST results showed that P.a1 had similarity of 98-998%
with the isolates recoded at NCBI; therefore this isolate was registered in NCBI as a
new isolate under the GenBank accession no. MF347709.

The acknowledgement of the biology attracting insect and its ecology of the
killing method animals crime place was an important method of in detection, when
the crime was happened.so it must be important to know the species of forensically
important insects
This study aimed to detect the effect of the types of the animal carcass on the
numbers and species of attracting insects. The study conduct in Al-Salamia – AlHusseinia region Karbala province in 2017 it used three types of vertebrate: dogs,
rabbits and cats. Daily it recorded field observation of these carcasses of every day
animas from the begin of killing of these animal passing through all stages of
decomposition which recording of the species and numbers of attracted insects was
done. The result shows 13 species be longs to diptera order and four families, six
species belong coleoptra order and four families and many species of the order
hymenoptera belong to 2 families : The insect species that belong to the Diptera
order according to it is four .
1- Calliphoridae family Calliphora viciana, Chrysomaya albiceps,Chrysomaya
Megacephala,Chrisomaya putoria,Lucilia sericata, Lucilia cuprina .and Lucilia spp.
2- Sacrophagidae family: Sacrophga africa,Sacrophaga frenata, and Sacrophaga
spp.
3- Muscidae family : Musca domestica,Muscina stabulans.
4- Otitidae: Physiphora demandata. The types of insect belonged to order Coleo
1- Histiridae family: Saprinus subnitescens.
2- Dermistedae family : Dermestes maculates, Dermestes sp
3- Cleridae family: Necrobia rufipes.
4- Staphylinidae family : Gauropterus fulgiaus and Anotylus sp.
The types belong to order Hymenoptera was:
1- Formicidae family different species.
2- Vespidae family: Vespa orientalis

This study was conducted during June 2017 in the researcher\'s apiaries which
located at the village of Albo Hwemid / AlHusseiniya - Karbala - Iraq, to evaluate the
addition of some medicinal plants to increase or stimulate honey bees to increase the
consumption of sugar syrup and local pollen grains paste. The anise, wormwood,
cinnamon and saffron herbs were used which added to above foods. The results
revealed that the addition of both anise and wormwood to the sugar syrup gave best
attraction to honey bee, consumption average reached to 415 and 400 ml / colony
respectively. But the wormwood which added to the local pollen grain paste gave
high consumption average reached to 18.33 g / colony.

This study was conducted in Qadisiya, Iraq, in 2016, to control the disease of
sesame wilting, caused by the fungus Fusarium solani, using organic fertilizer,
Trichoderma harzianum, N.P.K. and the fungicide Beltanol for comparison. The
treatment with organic fertilizer inhibited the fungus F. solani (66.66%) andstimulated the growth of biological control T. harzianum by 27.71% compared to the
control treatment which reached 0.00%.
The treatment with the fungicide Beltanol had a high inhibitory effect on the
growth of F. solani with percentage of 100%, while it did not inhibit T. harzianum
at the concentration of 1 ml / l. in conclusion, the addition of the organic fertilizer and
the T. harzianum provided a high protection for seed, seedling and plants from the
effect of F. solani, with an increase in the growth parameters of sesame plants.

The experiment was carried out during the season 2016-2017 in Al-Dora/AlBuethavillage, using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)with three
replications by factorial experiment arrangement . The experiment included two
factors, the first: varieties (Turki, Ukrani, Spanish, Syrian, Duth, and local).The
second factor: plant densities (47.62, 71.34 thousands plant.hectar-1
). Genotypic,
phenotypic variation, heritability, co-heritability, correlation coefficient and path
analysis was estimated for each density for nine traits: plant height, numbet. of
branches.plant-1
, no. of leaves plant-1
, total dry matter, number of pods.plant-1
, pods
weight, number. of seeds.pod-1
, pod length and seed yield.plant-1
.The results showed
high significant different for all studied traits for both densities. There was a high
genetic variation for no. of leaves.plant-1
, plant height and total dry matter, that
reached (249.91, 129.52, and 116.65)respectively in the first density and (327.58,
110,292.01) for second density. The higher value of heritability broad sense appeared
in plant height, number of leaves and pod length in first density, for plant height,
number of leaves and total dry matter in second density. The higher value of coheritability appeared between no. of branches.plant-1 and number. of pods.plant-1 and
between number of pods.plant-1
and pod weight that reached 1.825and 1.838 in first
density .Co-heritability between number of branches plant-1
, no. of pods.plant-1 and
no. of seeds.pod-1 that reached 1.355 and 1.149 in second density. Genotypic
correlation coefficient higher than phenotypic coefficient, this indicates that gene
action leads the main role in these traits that plant breeder can rely on the selection
genotypes of high production from the faba bean. The higher genetic, phenotypic
correlations were for number of leaves and total dry matter with seed yield in first
density, and pods weight, total dry matter with seed yield in second density. The path
coefficient analysis results showed that the pod weight.plant-1
and pod length had a
higher direct effect in first density and for total dry matter and no. of seeds.pod-1
in
second density, and thus, these traits can be used as selection criteria under the
studied densities for selection of high yield.