Magazine of historical studies and archaeology

The historical sources are not limited to reference to the roots of most of the phenomena that exist now, and that the name differed from one age to another. The term "random dwelling" was not used, but the phenomenon existed in the Islamic times and was referred to by the heritage books.

The Akkadian era is one of the most important periods in the history of Mesopotamia in particular and in the history of the Near East in general. This era has added to its political, economic and social characteristics much as a result of the great cultural developments that occurred in that era.
Although the Akkids of the islanders who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula to Mesopotamia, and this migration (positive migration) of the new features that added to the features of the Sumerians who lived side by side with them in the era of political control of the country.

The revolution of Imam Hussein (ealayh alsalam) is one of the most important revolutionary reform revolutions known to Islamic history in particular and human history in general. It is a reform movement that represents an extension of the reform movement of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (salaa allah ealayh walh wasalam) and similar in terms of purpose and content. Just as the reformist movement of the Prophet Muhammad (salaa allah ealayh walh wasalam) represents an important turning point in the history of mankind and saved from the brink of a pit of fire and removed from darkness to light. We find that Imam Hussein (ealayh alsalam) followed in the footsteps of his grandfather the Noble Prophet (ealayh alsalam) in his reform movement similar to them in terms of content and purpose.
Their movement came at a critical stage in history. They are both a turning point and an important turning point in the history of the nation, both of which have had the great effect of correcting existing deviations in society. Just as the noble Prophet (ealayh alsalam) was able to save the nation from the brink of the abyss of the fire and to transfer it from darkness to light, so too Imam Hussein (ealayh alsalam) was able to preserve the Islamic religion from deviation and to save the nation from injustice and corruption. After the Islamic state witnessed a state of political, intellectual and ideological deviation and the spread of administrative and financial corruption in its administrative joints. Not to mention the fact that the Muslim community is suffering from a serious social illness represented by the death of will
Which is one of the most serious social diseases affecting nations and peoples, which leads to the transformation of their members to slaves and these nations to the state of its dead living in a state of humiliation under the oppressors of the oppressors. The revolution of Imam Hussein (ealayh alsalam) at a dangerous stage in the history of the Islamic nation, It is an increase in religious and moral deviation, administrative and financial corruption, and its policy of oppression and terrorism towards the nation and with the death of the will of the nation. This is a challenge to the Islamic state from collapse and the Islamic religion from distortion.
The Imam Hussein (ealayh alsalam) was able to carry out a reformist movement in the nation by equating it with its stolen will and renewing the values and morals of Muhammadiyah and returning them to follow the path of the noble Prophet (ealayh alsalam) and to be a symbol of revolutionaries and revolution. In the world through the ages.

We can get the good collection from ( a Confiscated Terracotta from Iraq Museum ) .
After we examination all these pieces , we can choose a numbers of these terracotta , which studied in this research , also contain an empirical study for all details in this motives , and drawing for all figures , also I put the list for its shapes , and its Iraqi numbers , with its measurements , with its colours , and its conditions , as I can , we try to do a comparative study for these pieces in artistic way , also to determined the period to which its belong , and the study was adopted ( the Archaeological and artistic way to described and analysis ) .
We reach to the final conclusion of these terracotta , which refer to
( Mother Woman ) .

Tabas city became famous for its educational activity, where some of its leading innovators emerged in various fields of knowledge, where the students of science went to the city to enrich the knowledge of their scientists whom they prepared the ground and the appropriate atmosphere to receive the arrivals from all over the world

After the fall of the regime of Abdul Karim Qasim on February 8, 1963, the Iraqi press played a major role in clarifying the position of the different global and regional countries on the Kurdish issue. Iraq opened up to the world and regional countries to build strong relations with the countries without exception. But there was a clash of views on the Kurdish issue Especially in the relations of the regime of Abdul Salam Aref with the socialist countries represented by the Soviet Union in its poor relations with Iraq at the beginning of the coup and try to intervene in Iraqi affairs, but the Iraqi press was able to show how improved relations after the coup in November 1963 Which highlighted the extent of the Soviet Union accepted internal developments and try to resolve the Kurdish issue peacefully, but regional powers supported the Kurds in their struggle with the central authority, in particular Iran, which was its interventions clearly visible material and providing them with military aid to the Kurds throughout the Covenant Alarefa

Ancient Egypt characterized by the availability of climatic elements that encourage agriculture such as moderate heat, rain and the presence of the fixed water source represented by Nile Nile, which is characteristic of the Egyptian land, And the regularity of its flood every year, and the added advantage provided by the Nile to Egypt is what he carries with him plankton and silt increase the fertility of the earth and preserve it, These factors made the Egyptian land ripe for agriculture, which confirms the knowledge of the ancient Egyptians of agriculture, what was found from the seeds of charred grain stored in the Egyptian Agricultural Museum, It is the same type of grain that has spread its knowledge in many areas of the ancient Near East and West Asia.

The population of Iraq in general and Baghdadis have been subjected to a wave of natural disasters which caused the death of hundreds of people. Baghdad, for instance, has witnessed a number of plagues, but the most severe one was the one in Persian city of Tibriz in July, 1830 which then moved to Kirkuk and many infected people began to appear. After that the plague moved to Suleimanyah and then to Baghdad. The plague coincided with another disaster which is the flood of Baghdad in the same year forming a real human and environmental disaster on most of the Iraqi cities specially the city of Baghdad, leaving behind sociological, economic effects that would last for long time.
The study includes two inquiries, the first studies the consequences of the flood and plague on the social reality for the city of Baghdad, and its reflected on the other cities of Iraq during which many social conditions that were strange to the habitants of Baghdad.
The second inquiry studies the effect of these two disasters on the human activities in Baghdad, and accompanying famines in the form blow to the economic life. Trade was inflicted with a dangerous risk that the people of Baghdad were not able to surpass the crisis unless by the passage of two deades.

There were no significant direct political relations between Egypt and Ethiopia under Menelik as it was during the reign of his predecessor, John, there were political relations between the two countries that were indirectly affected by the conflict between the three European countries, namely Britain, France and Italy in this region.
Taken as Ethiopia under the rule of Menelik II trend counter so as to Taida to France and its anti-Britain, Egypt, by virtue of it's subject to a and also to Italy, which was traveling at the time in the passenger Britain was the area of the conflict between European and African countries.

The Timurid paid great attention to the art and architecture by drawing on Seljuq architecture and the local pattern of the areas that went under their control. They, effectively, worked on tailoring their design with the domestic ones to produce a unique identity to their arts. This is clearly illustrated in many of the buildings established during this era; for instance, the use of turquoise and blue tiles to form an intricate linear and geometric pattern to cover the facades of buildings are one of those factors.

The new district of Hassan Pasha, located on the eastern side of Baghdad, represents the living and personal model of the old Baghdad shops, which hold various buildings, including residential, service, religious and governmental, dating back to the Ottoman era. The municipality building represents one of the government buildings located in this district.
We have divided the research into several paragraphs in addition to this simple summary, namely the beginning of the appearance of the municipal department and the formation of the municipal council, and then to the history of the municipality building, and then to the planning and architecture and classification of the most important elements of architecture, and we reinforced the research plan of the building and illustrations and photographs.

In the Islamic era, scholars agreed to allow adornment and adornment in accordance with the restrictions and restrictions set by Islamic law. From this point of view, I have become a city that has become an Islamic city, One of these cities that flourished in the jewelry industry and this proved by shovels prospectors by finding large quantities of jewelry and various jewelry between the neck, ears, chest, wrists and other tools such as ankles, bakeries and others.

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The reigns of the Union of Talabians in the Mughal-Eilkhani era are among the most important historical documents that reflect a clear picture of one of the institutions of the Abbasid state, the Association of Gentlemen of the Guardians, which is an institution supporting the efforts of the Abbasid Caliphate in organizing and sponsoring the affairs of the Islamic community. The doctrine of the Imamate was free until the proclamation of Sultan Muhammad Khadabandah in the year 709 AH (1309 AD). He took several measures to spread the Twelfth Imamate doctrine in the Mughal court.