Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Numerous research groups across the globe have been dedicatedly studying the mechanism involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression focusing on developing various strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Chemotherapy is a treatment used for the whole body to fight recurrent tumors using conventional anticancer drugs which can be made more effective by using chemosensitizers, which can decrease the required dosage for treatment. TDP-1 inhibitors have the potential to enhance the effectiveness of topotecan by increasing the sensitivity of tumors to the drug, both in laboratory and living organism settings. A new triazole derivatives were synthesized starting from Naproxen and Vanillic acid through multisteps reactions. The final compounds and their intermediates were monitored by chromatography (TLC) and characterized by 1HNMR. The final compounds were docked against the target TDP1 enzyme. The docking analysis for the titled compounds 5A and 5B revealed better binding affinity values against (TDP1 enzyme) target site compared with the reference (co-crystallized) ligand as well as they showed good ADMET and in silico toxicity profile.

Fast-dissolving oral thin film is a novel and most advanced form
of solid dosage form that dissolves or disintegrates in 1 minute
when put in the mouth without water or chewing. Tizanidine
hydrochloride is frequently used to treat back pain, multiple
sclerosis, spastic diplegia, and specific spinal or central nervous
system ailments and it was prepared as oral film for produce
rapid therapeutics effect .Solvent casting was the procedure used
to prepare the mouth-dissolving films. Eight formulas of the
tizanidine were prepared by using different concentrations of
HPMC E15 and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
The effect of the type and concentration of the polymer was
evaluated in all the formulations was evaluated for surface pH,
weight uniformity, folding endurance, disintegration time, invitro
dissolution studies. The formulation F2 was found to be an
optimized formulation. It showed good results for all evaluation
parameters such as weight variation 15.9±0.23 mg, surface pH
4.38, folding endurance 106, disintegration time 40 sec, and invitro
dissolution study 100 % at the end of 4 min. From all of the
observations can conclude that the formulation F2 shows better
results

Hydrangea macrophylla is a medicinal plant with a long history of
use in traditional medicine, particularly for its supposed diuretic
and antioxidant effects.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the
phytochemical contents and identify the key non-polar active
chemicals in the leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla, also known as
French Hydrangea, cultivated in Baghdad, Iraq.
Methods: Non-polar compounds were extracted using Soxhlet as
hot hexane extraction and subsequently analyzed by Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).
Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the
presence of terpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids in the methanol
extract of the leaves. The GC-MS analysis of the hexane extract
identified seven major peaks corresponding to terpene-based
compounds, with the primary constituents being squalene (4.43%),
heneicosane (2.7%), heptacosane (2.1%), and hexacosane (2.7%).
These compounds are known for their diverse pharmacological
activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and
antimicrobial effects.
Conclusion: There were relatively numerous of phytochemicals
present in the hexane extract from leaves collected before
flowering. These findings highlighted the importance of
environmental factors, such as soil conditions and harvest timing,
on the chemical composition of the plant. Further studies are
recommended to explore the plant's polar constituents and
investigate their therapeutic applications.

Background: Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely used
anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer, but its clinical utility is
often limited by hepatotoxicity. Rheum species, commonly
known as rhubarb, have demonstrated hepatoprotective and
anti-inflammatory properties, but their effects on inflammatory
biomarkers in VPA-induced hepatotoxicity remain unclear.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of Rheum aqueous extract
on IL-6 and TNF-α levels in a rat model of VPA-induced
hepatotoxicity, focusing on its potential hepatoprotective
mechanisms.
Methods: Thirty male albino rats were divided into five
groups: Control, VPA-induced hepatotoxicity, L-carnitine,
Rheum aqueous extract, and a combination of L-carnitine and
Rheum extract. VPA was administered orally at 250 mg/kg/day
for 20 days to induce hepatotoxicity. Treatments with Lcarnitine
(250 mg/kg/day) and Rheum extract (80 mg/kg/day)
were initiated post-induction for 15 days. IL-6 and TNF-α
levels were measured to assess inflammatory responses.
Results: VPA treatment significantly increased IL-6 and TNF-
α levels, indicating heightened inflammation. Both L-carnitine
and Rheum extract independently reduced these inflammatory
markers, with L-carnitine demonstrating a slightly stronger
effect. However, combination therapy showed mixed outcomes:
IL-6 levels were reduced, but TNF-α levels were unexpectedly
elevated compared to the VPA group.
Conclusion: L-carnitine and Rheum extract exhibit significant
anti-inflammatory effects individually, reducing IL-6 and TNF-
α levels in VPA-induced hepatotoxicity. However, their
combination revealed potential adverse interactions,
emphasizing the need for further research into their combined
therapeutic application. These findings contribute to the
understanding of natural and synthetic interventions for
mitigating drug-induced liver injury