Journal of University of Babylon

The Holy Qur'an is considered the most prominent source from which Arabic poets draw their artistic content and images, as they find it the richest material capable of elevating their literary production and giving it a sacred spirit. This is manifested either through the direct use of the Qur'anic text, or through indirect use that inspire the denotational and connotational meanings without explicitly stating it. This overlap between the Qur'anic text and Arabic poetry clearly reveals the depth of the influence exercised by revelation in shaping the poet's aesthetic and intellectual structure. It also contributes to enriching the poets' creative experience and giving their texts a renewed artistic and spiritual dimension. Hence, this paper attempts to explore the influence of these stories on the Poetry of Jabir al-Kazimi

L2 learning research has long focused on the significance of strategic thinking as a significant factor in academic performance. Individual variations in language acquisition are still as significant as intrapersonal and interpersonal abilities and learning methodologies. One of the receptive abilities that children should cultivate early in their English language education is reading. Students who develop this creative ability will be better able to master other language-related abilities including speaking, writing, and listening. The problem pf the study is clarified as it is intended to answer the following questions: First, Do Iraqi EFL students possess sufficient reading comprehension and strategic thinking? The second is there a correlation between Iraqi EFL between reading comprehension and strategic thinking in Iraqi EFL preparatory school students? Because of this, this study is a correlational study, and the total number of participants is 100 students from various Iraqi EFL preparation schools in the 2024-2025 academic year. To accomplish the goals of this study, two tools are utilized: The British Council's reading comprehension exam is used to assess students' reading comprehension skills, while John Pisapia's (2014) questionnaire has been used to determine students' strategic thinking. The two instruments are used on the study sample after the psychometric properties have been verified. The results show that students' reading comprehension is moderate and their strategic thinking skills are strong. Moreover. The results also show a statistically significant relationship between the participants' reading comprehension and strategic thinking. Additionally, the strategic thinking of Iraqi EFL preparation school students assists to explain the difference in reading comprehension.

This research means to study (The formal references of children’s drawings in contemporary Iraqi paintings- analytical study) The research firstly, discussed a chapter which included systematic framework in question about the topic title and the importance of the research, the need for it and aims. Also the research limits which included subjective and time and place limits, defining specific terms regarding the research title linguistically and terminology with procedural way. The second chapter discussed the theoretical framework which studied three topics, cognitive and philosophical concept of reference, secondly the artistic characteristics of children’s drawings by performing samples which show features of artistic form in their drawings. Thirdly she took the main title pointing out how Iraqi and universal artists have a lot in common styles. From her three topics she could summarized various indications that formed the determinants used in analyzing samples of the survey. She went through previous studies of the topic. Chapter three included procedural of the societal research with samples and justification behind using them. She devoted descriptive analytical approach to reach the samples analysis chosen by the method of intent. Five samples taken, firstly Iraqi artist, a plate for each to for analyzing.Fourth results were listed points besides conclusions accordingly.

Linguistic studies of Qur’anic vocabulary are primarily concerned with elucidating the nature of linguistic iʿjāz (inimitability), and the syntactic dimension constitutes a foundational pillar in this endeavor. There can be no true understanding of the Qur’an’s linguistic miracle without a detailed linguistic analysis of the interrelations among its words and structures.
This study aims to shed light on emphatic discourse in the Qur’an introduced through particles resembling verbs (ḥurūf mushabbaha bi-l-fiʿl), particularly the particle inna and its variant with a fatha on the hamza (i.e., anna), as they appear in Surahs that begin with an oath. The analysis is conducted from both syntactic and semantic perspectives.
The research starts at the syntactic level by exploring the structural composition of these emphatic constructions, as governed by the rules of Arabic sentence formation. It then examines the specific use of these forms within Qur’anic discourse in terms of their communicative and rhetorical impact on the audience, seeking to uncover the informative and persuasive function embedded within each instance of emphasis—linguistically in general and within the Qur’anic text in particular.
Among the key findings is that the Surahs beginning with oaths not only share overarching structural patterns in their openings, but also converge at the microstructural level. The linguistic construction of emphatic discourse using inna serves to confirm the very truths already emphasized by the initial oaths.

Juha is one of the most renowned folkloric figures in Arabic literature. His wide dissemination is largely due to the satirical, witty, and humorous traits that define his persona, enabling writers to employ his voice as a medium for critique and social commentary that could not be openly expressed.
Al-Majd Children’s Channel has drawn on this folkloric legacy by incorporating Juha’s character into digital heritage literature. Through Juha’s voice, the channel presents moral values and ethical lessons in an engaging narrative style that combines humor with educational purpose.
This study examines two songs broadcast by Al-Majd Channel. The first, “Juha’s Nail”, depicts Juha as a humorous storyteller whose amusing tales carry wisdom and cultural values, shaping children’s behavior and interactions within their social environment. The second, “The Sultan’s Donkey”, portrays Juha as a character who blends intelligence with opportunism; by accepting the Sultan’s peculiar request to teach his donkey, he ensures that the long timeframe of the task places him in a winning position regardless of the outcome-whether the Sultan dies, the donkey perishes, or Juha himself passes away.
The analysis adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology to explore Juha’s image as represented in these songs, highlighting the figurative construction of his character and examining the textual structure at both syntactic and semantic levels.

The importance of the research lies in studying the knowledge economy in Iraqi society to tackle sociological perspectives revealing its reality, which relies on new ideas and information and the investment of the human mind. The research aims at identifying the challenges facing the city of Mosul in transitioning to a knowledge economy and to demonstrate the impact of the knowledge economy on our daily life. The researcher has used the social survey methodology and has employed tools represented by (questionnaire form and observation). The research sample is a purposive sample consisting of (250) subjects in the city of Mosul. The researcher has come up with a set of results, the most important of which are:
The research has revealed that the most important factor affecting the knowledge economy is war, as 95 respondents, representing 38%, indicate that the lack of political and economic stability, the lack of security, and the impact of wars on the infrastructure needed for the knowledge economy, such as modern devices and good internet networks, are key issues.
The skill of using rapidly evolving modern technology is a priority in the labour market, at a rate of 84%. The research results have shown the respondents' desire to develop themselves in the fields of the knowledge economy, such as training on modern techniques, at a rate of 61%. The research has revealed that the most important challenge facing the respondents is represented by the lack of government jobs, which urge them to search for skills and expertise to work in the field of modern technologies.

The study aimed to identify the degree to which first-cycle teachers employ the kinesthetic intelligence strategy in the educational process. To achieve the study's objectives, the researcher designed a questionnaire consisting of 11 items and administered it to a sample of 334 first-cycle teachers (male and female). The psychometric properties of the instrument were verified through face validity and expert validity. Reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the split-half coefficient, which reached a value of 0.888.
The results of the study revealed that the level of first-cycle teachers' employment of the kinesthetic intelligence strategy was high. Additionally, there were differences among first-cycle teachers in their use of this strategy based on the qualification variable, in favor of the Diploma qualification. The results also showed differences based on the school type variable, in favor of private schools. Based on these results, the researcher put forward several proposals:
1. Conducting comparative studies on the employment of kinesthetic intelligence across different educational stages or different geographical regions to measure the variance and analyze its causes.
2. Investigating the relationship between kinesthetic intelligence and students' academic achievement, and the extent of the teacher's contribution to its development through well-studied strategies.

The researcher’s study consists of four chapters. The first chapter presents the research problem, its significance, and its main objective, which centers on uncovering the postcolonial vision of the image of the Other in the work of the contemporary Iraqi theatre director. The researcher then identifies the spatial, temporal, and thematic boundaries of the study, followed by defining its key terms.
The second chapter includes the theoretical framework, which the researcher divides into two sections: the first addresses Postcolonial Theory, and the second examines the image of the Other in the perspectives of both global and Arab theatre directors. The chapter concludes with the main indicators derived from the theoretical framework.
The third chapter covers the research procedures, including the identification of the research population, tools, and methodology, with primary emphasis placed on analyzing the selected sample.

In the fourth chapter, the researcher arrives at a set of findings and conclusions that are believed to answer the research problem and achieve its objective. The most prominent of these findings is that the Iraqi theatre director seeks to construct the image of the colonial Other by employing a postcolonial approach, using theatrical intertextuality as a key method. Additionally, the director attempts to reveal the destructive impact left by the Other on the colonized self through the logic of violence and domination—one that distorts its image and erases its identity and existence.
The study concludes with a list of references.

One of the most essential pillars of human life is the enjoyment of full physical health. However, the economic and technological developments of modern life have prevented individuals from fully attaining this vital element. This is due to industrial advancements which-despite their significant role in our contemporary era-have caused severe damage to the environment and its natural components, thereby posing a clear threat to human health. Environmental pollution harms the environment in ways that endanger its natural elements, and, consequently, inflicts damage upon individuals, threatening both their health and property. As a result, environmental lawsuits have increased, brought by those harmed by environmental pollution. Since environmental harm typically affects a group of individuals, the environmental claim may take the form of an individual action or, alternatively, a collective (class) action, with each type subject to specific requirements for filing. The court competent to hear such claims is the civil court when the subject matter of the environmental dispute is civil in nature, such as claims for pecuniary or in-kind compensation for environmental damage. However, certain forms of environmental harm may amount to criminal offenses, in which case jurisdiction lies with the criminal courts.

Population maps are among the objective maps that are important in knowing the reality of the geographical distribution of the population and their characteristics, in addition to studying the change in the distribution of the population or their characteristics, as a comparison between the reality of what that distribution is like and its comparison with what it was in the past, and the benefit of this lies in conducting the consequences of This increase or decrease, such as supplying the population with more services, providing more job opportunities, or setting up housing projects to accommodate that increase, The importance and accuracy of these maps increased after the technical revolution employed by geographical studies in the field of their research, such as the use of geographic information systems technology in mapping, and the consequent ease of storing population data for multiple regions and conducting various mathematical operations within its gates and working to study changes by calling Data, whether it is between two years or multiple years, and other features. This study included knowledge of the reality of the geographical distribution of the population in the year (2022) in Karbala Governorate, as well as studying the change in that distribution between the reality of the year (2022) and the year (2004), and it was found through this study The general trend of the population in Karbala governorate is increasing, in addition to the great potential of geographic information systems in representing population maps.

Ethnography is considered one of the most important methodological tools for uncovering the social and cultural structures embodied in artistic and literary productions, including the contemporary Iraqi theatrical text. It is evident that Iraqi theater, amidst political and social transformations, has been engaged in producing ethical and educational discourses aimed at reshaping collective consciousness. However, these discourses often intertwine with complex symbolic systems that may weaken the clarity of their impact or complicate their interpretation.
From this standpoint, the play “Female Composition” (“‘Azf Nisā’ī”) by the writer Mithal Ghazi serves as a revealing model, in which educational values intersect with social and cultural dimensions that reflect the crises of contemporary Iraqi reality.The research problem centers on the following questions:
How can ethnography contribute to deconstructing the ethical and educational discourse in the contemporary Iraqi theatrical text? And what does the application of this methodology to the play “Female Composition” reveal about the mechanisms of producing ethical meaning within its dramatic structure?

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