Academic Science Journal

In fractal compression the image to be encoded is partitioned into blocks called
(ranges). Each range is coded by reference to some other part of the image called (domain)
and by some affine transformation parameters. The number of ranges plays an important role
in the compression ratio, encoding time and reconstructed image quality. In order to obtain
high compression ratios, only a small number of blocks are allowed. Reducing the number of
image partitions (Range Blocks) while keeping as much as possible the quality of the
reconstructed image is the goal of this work (since, as the number of the ranges is reduced, the
encoding time will be reduced and the compression ratio will be increased).In the proposed
technique "Speeding up Fractal Image Compression (SFIC)", the image to be encoded is
reduced to its quarter size then it will be partitioned to get about the quarter number of ranges
produced in the traditional Fractal Image Compression (FIC), in the decoding stage the image
will be decoded to its original size. From the experimental results we found that SFIC gives a
high reduction in the encoding time and high increasing in the compression ratio with good
reconstructed image quality.

E-commerce Protocols represent the allowed interactions among communicating
components. Protocols are essential in electronic commerce to constrain the behaviors of
autonomous entities. This paper proposed an e-commerce protocol that consists of two
players: merchant and customer. The two e-commerce parties i.e., merchant and customer
perhaps lie in far distance. The merchant has its bank and the customer also has its bank and
the two banks (merchant bank and customer bank) are connected to a trusted bank. The
trusted bank is an international government bank. The function of the trusted bank is to check
the validity of the customer credit card and carry out the required money transfer. The bank
protocol can detect duplicated, reused, or expired credit card. The proposed protocol
guarantees fairness. That is by engaging in the protocol, no one in the e-commerce transaction
i.e., merchant or customer, can gain advantages over the other players by misbehaving,
misrepresenting or by prematurely aborting the protocol. The merchant site has been built as a
web service model. This model is based on open standards and protocols: HTTP and XMLbased
protocols including SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), WSDL (Web Service
Description Language, and UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration).

The multiplicative cipher is one of the substitution cipher types so it is modified in this paper
by extend the mod scale with 190 instead of 26, then utilized to do encryption for a plaintext.
Therefore it produces a variation of symbols with more randomized cipher text so that it is
enhanced. Then the major work in the paper is to attack the produced cipher text by search
about the key inverse which found by an invented and effective equation, instead of the
tradition Euclid's algorithm therefore successful attack was done.

Image encryption plays a more and more important role in today's multimedia world.
Image/video encryption algorithms working in wavelet domain attract some attention due to
the prevalence of wavelet compression. In this paper, two partial stream encryption methods,
based on transposition or substitution, have been studied to assess their effectiveness in
concealing the perceptual content of images. To achieve the above goal, the wavelet domain,
specifically the approximation coefficients, has been adopted as plaintext media. The set of
conducted tests indicated that the use of substitution is more effective than transposition, and
the encryption of Y-component alone is more powerful than encrypting RGB bands. The
increase in wavelet passes reduces the image concealment capabilities. The ciphering of two
most significant bits of approximate Y-subband reduces the image cipher space to %6.25
while the concealment level remains acceptable.

An alloy of PbS has been prepared in an evacuated quartz tube (Pb: S = 50:50). The
structure of the ingot examined by X-ray diffraction and found to be polycrystalline of cubic
phase structure with dominate orientation at (200) plane. The PbS thin films have been
deposited by thermal evaporation technique under pressure 5×10-5 mbar with thickness of
about 0.5 μm. These films have been annealed at different temperature (Ta) (373, 423, 473
and 523 K° ) under vacuum. The electrical measurements showed that the d.c. conductivity
(σd.c.) decreased with increasing Ta, while the activation energy increased with increasing Ta.
The Hall effect measurements prove that the films are P-type and the carriers concentration
(nH ) decreased with increasing Ta. Hall mobility (μH), drift velocity (υd), carriers life time (τ)
and mean free path (ι) have increased with increasing Ta. The thermoelectric power
experiment confirmed the Hall Effect measurements. Seebeck coefficient (s), thermal
activation energies (Es) and Energy of hopping (ΔW) for PbS films have increased with
increasing Ta.

For poorly soluble drugs, such as ketoprofen, the rate of oral absorption is often controlled by
the dissolution rate in the G.I.T. Therefore the solubility and dissolution behavior of a drug is
key determinants of its oral bioavailability. Several formulations of liquisolid capsules
containing two ratios of ketoprofen: Vehicles (1:1 and 1:2) were prepared. In this study the
ratio of microcrystalline cellulose (carrier) to silica (coating powder) was 20:1 for all
formulations and then changed to 10:1. The dissolution behavior of ketoprofen from liquisolid
capsules and conventional capsule formulation was investigated at two different pHs (1.2 and
6.8). The x-ray diffraction ( XRD )of solid dispersion of ketoprofen in ratio of 1:1 was
characterized to ascertain if there were any physicochemical interactions between the drug
and carrier that could affect dissolution.The results showed that liquisolid capsules
demonstrated considerably higher dissolution rate than those of conventionally made
capsules. This could be attributed to increased wetting properties and surface of drug
available for dissolution. XRD showed a change in crystal structure toward an amorphous
form of ketoprofen.

High aqueous trivalent uranium concentrations ( ≥2.0 M) in hydrochloric acid medium
have been prepared , using zinc amalgam and by controlling the acid concentration during
preparation .Stabilities of 1.5M U(III) in different HCl concentrations(3, 4, 5 and 7)M were
studied. It was found that U (III) is more stable in low acid concentration, due to the
formation of chloro-complex compound with U (III) at high concentrations.The half oxidation
time was calculated from experimental data. It was found that the half oxidation time of U(III)
is (6 - 211) days and it decreased with increase of acid concentration.Addition of low
concentrations (2mmole) of Cu+2, Cr+3, Ni+2 and Fe+2 ions (impurities) to 1.5M aqueous
solution of U(III) in 3M HCl , decreased the U(III) half oxidation time dramatically (2-6
hours).It was concluded that the presence of impurities in U(III) solution act as a catalyst for
oxidation of U (III).

Detection of specific antibodies to Treponema pallidum in serum is correlated with
Syphilis. The study aimed to know the seroprevalence of Specific treponemal antibodies
among Iraqi blood donors in relation to age and sex. This study was conducted on 8,147
subjects attending National Center for Blood Transfusion/Baghdad for donation of blood
during January 2009 to May 2010. A total of 8,147 blood donors were screened to detect the
presence of specific antibodies against Treponema pallidum by Treponema pallidum
Haemagglutination Test (TPHA), according to standard test kit protocol, initially reactive
samples were reconfirmed by repeat testing and repeatedly reactive samples were considered
seropositive for Syphilis. The results of this study showed that seroprevalence of specific
antibodies to Treponema pallidum among blood donors were found 1.75%. Moreover, the
seroprevalence in males was 1.53% and in females was 0.22% .Furthermore, this study
showed increase in seroprevalence was found among persons within second to third decade.
The study revealed considerably higher Specific treponemal antibodies among the male
donors than Female donors. In conclusion, our results indicate that syphilis is found among
healthy donors in Iraq and that there is need to introduce Treponema pallidum
Haemagglutination Test for the screening of donated blood for specific treponemal antibody
in all blood transfusion centers in Iraqi governorates.

Kalar general hospital with complain of gastroenteritis were collected and tested. Microscopic
examination of samples revealed that an overall of 4.04% (13/321) of children were infected
with H. nana. The frequency of H. nana infection in preschool (1 - <6 years) and school age
children (6-12 years) was 0.92% and 5.63%, respectively. Non significant difference (P>0.05)
was observed between frequency of infected children in both ages. The frequency of H. nana
was higher in males (5.32%) than in females (2.63%) but it was not significantly different
(P>0.05). The highest frequency of H. nana infection was observed in school age children in
both city center (7.77%) and villages (4.71%). No significance correlation (P>0.05) was
observed between H. nana infection and gender, sources of drinking water and different
localities of Kalar city. Significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between H. nana
infections in orphan children and children whose father's employees, laborer, farmer, or idle.
H. nana infection was not observed in children whose mother's were employed.

Using of numerous methods of vaccination of broiler chicks leading to variation in the
average of immune response that elicited against Gumboro vaccine viruses. The study aimed
to determine the effect of the immunogenicity of the live attenuated infectious bursal disease
(IBD) vaccine virus (G-61 strain) in Broiler Chicks. A total of (160) chicks were divided into
four equal groups namely A, B, C and D (40 chicks per group). The chicks of groups(A, B
and C) were vaccinated with live attenuated IBD(G-61) vaccine at (14) days old, via the
aerosol, intranasal and drinking water routes respectively while chicks of group D were left
without vaccination as a control. An indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
was used to detect the antibodies titres against infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine virus in
sera of chicks at (28) days of age. At (29) day of age, chicks of all groups were challenged by
using of a virulent IBDV. At (40) day of age, the levels of antibodies against infectious bursal
disease virus have been measured by indirect ELISA. The results obtained showed that higher
levels of antibodies were noted when the vaccine administered via aerosol route as compared
to the intranasal and drinking water. Following challenge of vaccinated chicks, the protection
rates noted are correlated to the levels of antibodies elicited. It is concluded that the choice of
approach to achieve higher and protective immune status against infectious bursal disease
viruses in chicks is to apply IBDV (G-61) vaccine strain in broiler chicks via the aerosol
route.

Ramadan fasting is one of the pillars of islam. It is often a subject of discussion
whether or not Ramadan fasting confers any effect on immune cytokines.The aim of this
study was to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on the level of IL-1a , IL-2 , IL-6 and IL-
8.The study was performed on (30) normal healthy fasting and (30) normal healthy nonfasting
individuals in the month of Ramadan (September 2009). Blood samples were obtained
after the second week of the fasting and were analyzed for IL-1a , IL-2 , IL-6 and IL-8
.There was a slight elevation in IL-1a , IL-2 and IL-8 and a slight decreasing in IL-6 cytokine
level but the differences didn’t reach the degree of significance (P>0.05).Slight elevation of
IL-1a , IL-2 , IL-8 and slight decreasing of IL-6 in normal healthy fasting in comparison to
normal healthy non-fasting individuals were observed. Thus Ramadan is safe and causes
Immunomodulation. Ramadan fasting, Immunomodulation, Interleukins.

Commensal rodents are important medically & economically in human life
.Estimation of commensal rodent species densities in districts of Baghdad area. Baited
trap/night method campaign lasted about 4 months in 1988 ; density equation & soft ware
statistical analysis programs were applied.Density means were 30.16 ± 4.2 , 2.067 ± 0.989 ,
0.695 ± 0.548 & 32.92 ± 4.18 for Rattus norvigecus , Rattus rattus , Mus musculus & the sum
means of rodents respectively ; Only Rattus norvigecus & the sum of means have normal
distribution (A-D normality test) . R. norvigecus, R. rattus, M. musculus & the sum of means,
in addition to the negative Correlations between the three species were not significant at 0.05
levels respectively. Differences between R. norvigecus and each of R. rattus & M. musculus
or between R. rattus & M. musculus density means were significant at 0.05 level; where the
R. norvigecus mean was the highest.Species densities varies among Baghdad's districts ,
where the R. norvigecus mean was the highest then R. rattus & finally M. musculus . Given
parameters are useful for rodents control and minimizing its transmissible diseases.

ان مقدمات البنى الریاضیاتیة تبدأ من الفكر المجرد،ثم تجد طریقها الى التطبیق احیاناً واحیاناً اخرى تبقى مع المجردات
لحین تجد من یلتمس لها طریقاً في میدان الواقع،فمثلاً نظریات التفاضل والتكامل مجرداتها ریاضیاتیة وتطبیقاتها قد تكون
فیزیائیة او كیمیائیة او شواهد اخرى.علیه هدفت الد ا رسة الى الاجابة عن التساؤل الاتي: هل ان التربیة نظاماً بدیهیاً
مستقلاً؟ بعد ان بینت د ا رسة السام ا رئي ان التربیة هي نظام بدیهي انطلقت من اهمیة التربیة وضرورة تفاعلها وتكاملها مع
العلوم الاخرى لتحدید ق ا رءة لها من منظور ریاضیاتي ذي بدیهیات مجردة مبتعدة عن المؤث ا رت الشخصیة.علیه اعتمد
الباحثان تعریف استقلالیة النظام البدیهي بأن لا تكون أي بدیهیة من بدیهیات النظام هي نتیجة منطقیة من باقي
البدیهیات. وتم تطبیق تعریف الاستقلالیة على بدیهیتي د ا رسة السام ا رئي (الاستیعاب والتكیف) وباستخدام النماذج الریاضیة
معززین أ ریهم بمفهوم نظریة الكوارث. وبینت الد ا رسة ان التربیة نظام بدیهي مستقل واوصت باستقلالیة التربیة.

In this research, We study the effect of irradiation by gamma rays from (Cs137)
source on the transmission, absorption coefficient and optical energy gap of the indirect,
allowed, forbidden transition for poly (methyl methacrylat ) (PMMA) films prepared by using
casting technique in room temperature. the absorption and transmission spectra has been
recorded in the wave length rang (300-900) nm .

In this study conventional ceramic technology used for preparing ceramic samples from
dukhla kaolin, then studying the influenced of three pyramidal substances (Binder, lubricant,
plasticizer) and sintering temperatures on the dielectrically properties and direct electrical
conductivity measurements for ceramic bodies. The Duekhla Kaolin was washed by distilled
water and dried out through (110 oc) for (24hr) in order to dispose f the waste water. The
material was milled by porcelain miller out to the appropriate level of grains for the research
purposes Dukhela Kaolin (D<200μm).Three groups of samples prepared) depending on the
three pyramidal substances (Binder.Plasticier, Lubricant) of variable rates. The groups consist
of (90%) Dukhela Kaolin with an addition of (10%) from the three ratios of the plasticized
materials, then the ceramic bodies formed by using hot pressing. Then the samples were
sintered under three different temperatures ( 1250 , 1300 , 1350○C) with a maturity period of
(2hr) an elevation speed of (2○C /min) and a desecration speed of (5○C /min).The models
were then placed an oven (10-2Toor),for measuring purposes. The conclusion of this search
has shown that increasing of the binder rate increased the electrical on rate of binder material
increased on electrical conductivity. And increasing the sintering temperature increased the
direct electrical conductivity.

The research is a study of some physical and chemical characteristics of three water
purification stations in Baladruze District , Diala Governorate, which are supplied with water
from Al-Ruze river a branch of Diala river ,The samples of the study are taken from the
surface monthly from January to December 2009, the results shows that the (pH)
concentration values are in the weak alkaline above the equivalent ratio of the (pH) for all the
stations during all the months of the year , the results also show that the water studies samples
contain salt ratio within the permitted ratios for drinking water in the most months of the year
, New Baladruze station recorded the lower ratio (235 ) ppm compared with the two other
stations, whereas the Old Baladruze station recorded the higher ratio in January (320 ) ppm ,
the electrical conductivity measures show that it increase with the increasing the quantity of
total dissolved solids in the water ,the ratio of dissolved oxygen approximate values (8-12)
ppm during the year ,the results of total hardness of water show that the studied water samples
were within the degree of hard water for the most months of the year , Baladruze water station
(Million Gallon) recorded less ratio of Total Hardness (164.3) ppm ,the magnesium and
calcium concentration ratio showed that the high ratio of calcium is ( 71.4 ) ppm in Baladruze
station (Million Gallon ) , and the low ratio was in New Baladruze water station (38.9 ) ppm ,
magnesium concentration values for all the months of the year was universal for calcium
concentration ratios in all the stations , as for water turbidity was between in congruent in
some months it recorded ( Turbidity > 5 NTU) and congruent with the permitted
qualifications for most months of the year in all water purification stations .
1 -

In this research we prepared composites material based on polymeric material which it
blend of unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and reinforced
by glass powder as a filler which added with different volume fraction (10,15,20)% Vf and
compare it with blend alone by lay-up method .We studied physical tests such as thermal
conductivity and sorption test to find diffusion coefficient for all samples after immersion it in
same time for specific time (7 weak) in different chemical solution such as (H2O ، HCL with
concentration 0.5 N ، C3H6O), the result show that the addition of glass powder to
(UPE/NBR) blend lead to increase of thermal conductivity , and it was found the maximum
value of diffusion coefficient in acetone solution and the minimum value of diffusion
coefficient in water.

Two laboratory experiments were carried out with (CRD) design. Each experiments
were included (144 ) experimental units for each incubation period and comes of (12 )
bacterial isolation , ( 4) level of herbicide mixture ( 0.0 , 75+25 , 150+50 , 300+100 ) and
(3 ) replication five period of incubation ( 3, 7, 10 ,14 , 21 ) days were used for measuring (
MIC ) of growth and bacterial cells number .The results showed that the isolation ( I1,I2 ,I3 )
which were taken from treatments of mixed pesticide considered as resistant local isolations
to mixed pesticide compared with the isolations ( I4, I5 , I6 ) which were taken from untreated
treatment with mixed pesticide .So the ( MIC ) of ( I1 ,I2 and I3 ) isolation is ( C4 ) for (3 )
days incubation and growth in all concentration for the period of incubation (7 ,10 , 14 and
21 ) days , while the isolation ( I4 , I5 and I6 ) was not recorded growth and numbers with (3 )
days incubation the ( MIC ) in ( C4 ) for the incubation period ( 7 , 10 , 14 and 21 ) days . The
results also showed that the isolation ( I7 ,I8 and I9 ) which were taken from treatments of
pesticide mixture addition as considered resistant local isolation for mixture of pesticide
compared with isolation ( I10 , I11 and I12 ) .

The best microspores developmental stage was determined by adopting a new rapid
taining method using orcein- HCl stain. It was found that the third stage was better the stage
for callus induction. For anther culture conditions the pretreatment temperature (3◌ C) was
applied for 1-13days,basal MS media were used as liquid ( with or without ficoll ) and solid
(with 0.8% agar or 0.5% agarose ), hormones with BA: 0.5 and 1mg/l and IAA: 0.1,0.5
and1mg/l) or without hormones, activated charcoal (0.1,0.3 and 0.5%), colchicines(25
mg/l),too different concentration from sucrose [3,4,5,6%].Casein hydrolysate , amino acids
and lighting conditions full darkness and light (white and red).
The result showed that the pretreatment temperature gave less callus induction than the
control treatment. The solid media gave better callus induction than liquid media especially
when agarose was used. Whereas activated charcoal treatment and colchicine (added to the
media) did not induce callus formation and the sucrose (4%) gave better callus induction
(33.3%). The results also revealed that the red light gave callus induction (5%) better than the
white light and darkness.

تمهيد : - يقوم انزيم الكلوكوز ايزميريز بتحويل الكلوكوزالى الفركتوز . وقداستخدم هذا الانزيم منذ زمن طويل لانتاج شراب الذره الغني بالفركتوز وتم تفضيله على الطرائق الكيميائية المستخدمة لهذا الغرض . تتميز بعض الاحياء المجهريه ولاسيما البكتريا الخيطية من جنس الـ Streptomyces بقابليتها على انتاج هذا الانزيم . يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة كفاءة انزيم الكلوكوزايزميريز المنتج من بكتريا الـ Streptomyces sp.HM5 في تحويل سكر الكلوكوز الى الفركتوز في ثلاث خامات صناعيه هي شراب كلوكوز الذره وعصير التمر( الدبس ) والكلوكوز النقي لغرض تحديد امكانية استخدام الفركتوز كبديل عن الكلوكوزفي العديد من الصناعات الغذائيه . حضرت نماذج من شراب كلوكوز الذره وعصير التمر والكلوكوز النقي القياسي ، كما استخدم انزيم الكلوكوزايزوميريز المنتج من عزلة محليه Streptomyces sp.HM5 والمنقى جزئيا . وتم تقدير السكريات الكلية والمختزلة ودرجة الدوران النوعي ، كماتم تحليل النواتج باستخدام تقنية كروماتوكرافيا الصفائح الرقيقة ( TLC ) . تم تعيين الظروف المثلى لتحويل الكلوكوزالى الفركتوز والتي شملت على تحديد الزمن الامثل للتحويل والتركيز الامثل للمادة الخاضعة والتركيزالامثل للانزيم . اظهرت النتائج ان الزمن الامثل لتحويل الكلوكوز الى الفركتوز في الخامات الثلاث تراوح بين 35 – 40 ساعة ، وان التركيز الامثل لكل من شراب كلوكوز الذرة والكلوكوز النقي وعصير التمر هو 20 % ، 30 % و 10 % على التوالي . وان افضل حجم للانزيم هو0.5 مل عندما تكون الفعالية النوعية للانزيم هي 10.8 وحدة / مل . نستنج من هذه الدراسة انه بالامكان استخدام انزيم الكلوكوز ايزميريز المنتج من العزله المحلية لبكتريا Streptomyces sp.HM5 في تحويل الكلوكوزفي شراب كلوكوز الذرة المستخدم على نطاق واسع في العديد من الصناعات الغذائية الى الفركتوزمما يؤدي رفع حلاوة المنتج وبالتالي امكانية تقليل الكمية المستخدمه من السكريات الداخله في صناعات تلك المنتجات الامر الذي يحقق جدوى اقتصاديه لهذه المتجات .
الكلمات المفتاحية : - الكلوكوزايزوميريز ، البكتريا الخيطية ، تحويل الكلوكوزالى الفركتوز

In this project was to analyze the use of spatial Rectial candidate or processor of information through visual or spatial frequency modulation, and to give a general description of the various applications that are in the military or civilian applications.