The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
Criminal policy, as a key tool for maintaining public order and national security, is one of the most important pillars of any country’s legal system. In Iran, due to the specific political and security conditions, there has always been a special sensitivity towards the category of political opponents, if their activities are carried out in an unarmed manner. Unarmed opponents include a wide range of individuals and groups who criticize government policies and actions using tools such as press writing, speeches, peaceful gatherings and even human rights activities. In principle, such activities fall under concepts such as freedom of expression, freedom of the press and civil rights, which are recognized both in the Iranian Constitution and in international documents. However, a challenging point arises when the boundaries between “legitimate criticism” and “political or security crime” are not clearly defined. In such circumstances, ambiguity in legal definitions creates the basis for broad and sometimes arbitrary interpretations, which can result in excessive restrictions on legitimate freedoms. This issue not only leads to challenges in the field of civil rights and the legitimacy of criminal policy, but also has had negative repercussions for Iran at the international level.

Abstract:-
There is no doubt that the last century was a fabrication of the theories, curricula and literary visions that became the subject of research and study because of its importance to Arab writers and critics. In the middle of the second decade of the last century, the substantive equivalent was born by the critic Elliott; The birth of the child was difficult. The Equator did not take its real place in the literature because of its role in determining the meaning of the sense and perception on which the literature was based. It was confused by the multitude of methods and terminology at the time, and therefore was not properly understood. The objective of the study is fulfilled And read a clear contact with the knowledge and sense.
The Wave of the Wave is a high cultural symbol in the United Arab Emirates, as it simulates a number of social phenomena that have taken upon itself to stimulate national awareness, a sense of responsibility and a sense of identity and are committed to the psychological and moral commitment to the homeland.
It was interesting to read the objective equivalence according to what he wanted to innovate; because of the ambiguity and lack of interest of the scholars, and not mention them only implicit in their books or studies; Diwan, and the relevance of poet poetry poetical equation.
Research methods are an ideal tool for reaching satisfactory results, and to identify the facts that led to the multiplicity of concepts and labels of the objective equivalence. Therefore, the modern monetary cultural approach was useful to reach those results.

Abstract:-
Some crimes such as adultery, sodomy, apostasy, war and corruption on earth in terms of hudud, as well as intentional murder in terms of qisas, under certain conditions, the punishment for the perpetrator is executed and the perpetrator dies. Regarding testimony, in relation to testimony in matters other than crimes leading to death, what is valid as one of the conditions of a witness is the minimum emotional justice of the witness, which is the middle ground between emotional justice and actual justice. However, in relation to testimony in crimes leading to death, considering the requirements of the rule of caution in the blood of Muslims and the sanctity of the life of a Muslim, maximum emotional justice or close to it is valid.

Abstract:-
This research presents an analytical rhetorical study of the Sha'ban supplication attributed to Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him). It examines the functions of rhetoric, with its three branches: semantics, rhetoric, and stylistics, and their impact on constructing spiritual and propagatory meaning. This study reveals the expressive and pictorial depth of this mystical, faith-based text, shedding light on the use of rhetorical techniques.
The analysis demonstrates that the supplication does not merely employ rhetoric as a linguistic embellishment, but rather harnesses rhetorical techniques to serve profound religious and spiritual purposes, such as acknowledgment of guilt, humility, supplication, repentance, hope, and absolute submission to God Almighty. This is achieved through a robust linguistic structure in which rhetorical images, grammatical structures, and phonetic and semantic aesthetics interact. The importance of rhetoric in understanding religious texts is explained, followed by a presentation of the most prominent rhetorical themes in the supplication, such as figurative language (simile, metaphor, metonymy), constructional and declarative styles, allusion, and rhetorical devices (such as antithesis, paronomasia, and brevity).
The study also focused on the Sha'ban supplication, which represents a comprehensive model of the interaction between rhetoric and supplication. It demonstrates that the infallible supplication contains Quranic eloquence derived from it, relying on the rhetorical techniques of the supplication that reveal a deep awareness of the human soul and its spiritual needs.

Abstract:-
Iraqi criminal policy to combat violence against children constitutes a legal framework based on a legislative system aimed at protecting children from all forms of physical, psychological, sexual, and social abuse. A set of legal provisions has been included in the Iraqi Penal Code No. (111) of 1969 and other laws, such as the Juvenile Care Law No. (76) of 1983 and the Labor Law No. (37) of 2015, to ensure a safe environment for children that protects them from exploitation and violence. However, legal gaps and challenges remain in the practical application of these laws, calling for enhanced legislative and executive efforts to ensure effective protection for children. The study examines the concept of violence against children according to Iraqi and international legislation, where violence is defined as any act or omission that results in material or moral harm perpetrated against a child by their parents, guardians, or any other entity responsible for their care. Types of violence against children include physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence, and domestic violence. The study highlights the psychological and social impacts of these acts and their negative repercussions on the child's future. The study also addresses the legal safeguards for protecting children in Iraqi legislation, which include deterrent penalties against perpetrators of violence, precautionary measures that deprive children of their liberty, financial penalties, and prohibitions on certain activities that may pose a risk to children. The laws stipulate that anyone who assaults a child shall be punished with penalties ranging from financial fines to long prison terms that may reach life imprisonment, especially in cases that result in permanent disabilities or death.

Abstract:-
The Basran companions played an important role in preserving and transmitting the Islamic heritage, as they emerged in the Basran school, which was famous for its scientific and religious contributions. These companions were characterized by several features, the most prominent of which were documentation and accuracy in transmission, which made them trustworthy in preserving and narrating the hadith. They also relied on direct meetings with the Imams, peace be upon them, despite the difficult security conditions imposed by the ruling authorities at that time. They benefited from these meetings in inquiring about various religious and social issues. The Basran companions also relied on multiple methods to transmit knowledge, including direct listening to hadiths, which was the primary means of receiving legal information, in addition to correspondence, which was represented in exchanging letters with the Imams, peace be upon them, to inquire about legal and doctrinal issues. They also transmitted the teachings of the Imams, peace be upon them, which included the interpretation of Qur’anic verses, jurisprudential rulings, and the principles of Islamic education. Their inquiries included multiple areas, such as doctrinal and religious aspects, such as purification, prayer, and zakat, as well as social aspects, such as marriage and raising children, which reflects the comprehensiveness of their role in Transferring Islamic values to build a society that follows the principles of Sharia. The Basra school was distinguished by its accuracy in documenting the teachings and transmitting them to generations, which contributed to preserving and spreading the Muhammadan heritage despite the challenges. The role of the Basra companions is clearly evident in their contributions that influenced Islamic thought and established an integrated scientific and intellectual movement.

Abstract:-
This research is classified among the descriptive researches, and descriptive and analytical surveying approach is adopted. For achieving the study goals, the researcher employed the tool and the process of content analyzing to know the range of the interest of the Iraqi electronic press in the issues of the national security via its press coverage as well as the other goals that the research sought to achieve , then, the study concluded a number of results, the most of them are:
1. The media frames, published in the Iraqi electronic newspapers replaced the study that dealt with the national security topics to clarify and highlight its importance through the legal frameworks, economic results frameworks, security frameworks, and health regulatory frameworks, the economic frameworks topped the attention of all the newspapers under the study, they ranked the first, and they got the percentage 43.9%. The security frames ranked the second; in percentage 30.1%. The health regulatory frames ranked the third, in percentage 19.6%. Then the legal frames ranked the fourth, the last in percentage 6.4%.
2.The local domain ranked first for the total research sample with a percentage of 87.4%, followed by the regional domain in second place with a percentage of 8.8%, and then the international domain in third place with a percentage of 3.7%. For national security topics in the electronic newspapers under study, which dealt with national security topics to clarify and highlight its importance.
3.The evidence and testimonial method ranked first in the total research sample, with a percentage of 30.5%, followed by In second place is the method of relying on official information and documents, with a percentage of 28.7.
4.The coverage based on narrating statements ranked first for the total research sample and by percentage. 38.6%, followed by simple coverage in second place with a percentage of 29.7%.

Abstract:-
When Shah Abbas I of the Safavid dynasty was unable to reclaim the territories lost under the Treaty of Ferhad Pasha in 1590 due to conflicts with the Ottomans in the East, the Treaty of Nasuh Pasha was signed between the two sides in 1612. However, due to continued hostilities, this peace lasted only for three years. The conflicts that erupted in the Caucasus region resulted in an Ottoman defeat, leading to the signing of the Treaty of Serav in 1618.
Nevertheless, the peace was short-lived, as Shah Abbas continued to assert his claims over the Arab territories of Iraq. The unrest caused by Bakr Subashi in Baghdad and its surroundings eventually led to Safavid intervention in the city. Consequently, the long-standing conflict between the two empires reached its peak when the Safavids captured Baghdad in 1624.
In response, the Ottomans appointed Hafiz Ahmed Pasha to reclaim the city. He spent nearly five months preparing in the desert of Diyarbakir (until September 1625). Once his preparations were complete, he advanced with his army toward the fortress of Baghdad and besieged it from three sides. Ultimately, the timely reinforcements sent by Shah Abbas to the fortress forced the Ottomans to withdraw. As a result, Baghdad remained under Safavid control for a period of time.

Abstract:-
The phenomenon of parsing is one of the characteristics of Arabic grammar, and we behold this clearly in Sibawayh's book. Therefore, the reason that Sibawayh called for all this interest is that the Arabic language is a language that seeks clarification and elucidation. Parsing was one of its means to disclose the connections of words to each other, as they form the sentences of the sound language that the eloquent Arab got used to it. Talking about the importance of parsing in the Arabic language was not limited to Sibawayh alone, but we find many grammarians who did not suspect this fact.

Abstract:-
The research aims to elucidate the concept of high chains of transmission and understand their linguistic usage, as well as their usage among narrators from both groups. There is some variation in defining high chains of transmission among narrators; some require authenticity, others emphasize continuity, and some prioritize integrity against weakness. They agree on the scarcity of intermediaries. The research explores whether the scarcity of intermediaries applies only to the infallible (prophets) or includes both the infallible and non-infallible individuals, and whether infallible refers solely to the Prophet Muhammad or includes the Twelve Imams. It also examines whether High isnads are a category within the four types of hadith or a descriptor of the hadith. Additionally, the research aims to outline the types of high isnads and their benefits, noting that high isnads are among the confirmed practices, with some scholars even issuing opinions in favor of undertaking journeys to seek them.

Abstract:-
The scientific achievements of Kufa represent a historical characteristic of the city, leaving a lasting academic impact that continues to influence thought to the present day. These contributions significantly shaped Islamic thought, alongside those of Basra, with both cities playing a role in establishing the Baghdad school of thought.
Studying these accomplishments and Kufa's intellectual legacy, as documented in Ibn al-Nadim's "Al-Fihrist," provides a contemporary record of the Kufa school's development and its influence on Islamic thought in general, and Baghdad in particular. This book reflects the breadth of Islamic intellectual achievement and represents the Baghdad perspective on this intellectual heritage, including Kufa's contributions. The research primarily adopted a statistical methodology to highlight the intellectual impact of the Kufans, complemented by a historical analysis of these achievements.
The research found that Kufa was one of the earliest wellsprings of
Islamic thought, contributing effectively to its maturity and development, especially from the first to the fourth Hijri centuries. These achievements encompassed various sciences, beginning with the Holy Quran and its diverse disciplines, followed by linguistics, Hadith studies, and other fields such as history, philosophy, and pure sciences like medicine, agriculture, and astronomy. The contributions in Quranic sciences and linguistics were particularly significant, considered among the most prominent scientific accomplishments of Kufa and the Islamic world. Diverse influences, both from Kufa itself and from other cities, contributed to the prominence and development of the Kufa school of thought. Kufa served as a hub for creativity and a melting pot for various cultures, leading to the emergence of the Kufa scientific school, which established its significant position in Islamic thought

Abstract:-
Contemporary poetry is considered by many poets as a means of expressing the sufferings of society. Comparative literature can show the common elements of interest to poets in two different countries and nationalities and reveal their similarities and differences. In this research, with the aim of understanding the similarities and differences of political and social views of Arab and Iranian poets, a comparative study between the political and social elements of Mahmoud Darwish's poems, a Palestinian poet, and Qeysar Aminpour, an Iranian poet, has been done and the result is that although Darwish and Aminpour have common emotions and feelings, they have lived in two separate countries with different characteristics and have composed their own life experiences. Darwish was familiar with the concept of alienation from homeland and occupation of land from birth, so most of his poetic themes are related to homeland and nationality; but Qeysar is a poet of the revolution and sacred defense era and does not see the issues of the Palestinian people in his country. Therefore, in Darwish's poetry, elements such as homeland, freedom, enmity are more than anything else. He considers the themes of sacred defense and revolution, freedom, enmity as political elements and social commitment, hope, homeland, love, denial of falsification and hypocrisy as social elements of his poetry.

Abstract:-
Safavid architecture in Iran is considered one of the most prominent architectural periods in the history of the Islamic world, encompassing massive construction projects that significantly impacted various aspects of social, economic, and cultural life. The Safavid era (1501-1736 CE) witnessed a fundamental religious and political transformation, marked by the adoption of Twelver Shiism as the state religion, which contributed to shaping a distinct identity for Iranian cities. This research aims to study the impact of urban expansion during the Safavid period on the cultural, social, and economic identity of Iranian cities, with a focus on cities such as Isfahan, Tabriz, and Shiraz, using a historical-analytical approach. Among the key findings of the study is that the religious transformation led to the construction of essential mosques and religious schools, such as the Imam Mosque in Isfahan, which became centers for education and worship. Additionally, large-scale urban projects stimulated the growth of craft industries, such as carpet and pottery production, contributing to the strengthening of the Iranian economy. Furthermore, the development of roads, bridges, and markets improved trade and increased commercial interaction between Iranian cities and neighboring regions. On the social front, urban planning helped organize social life through the allocation of residential areas based on social classes, fostering coexistence among diverse social groups. Moreover, Safavid architecture integrated geometric patterns from various Islamic civilizations, enhancing the Iranian cultural identity and establishing Safavid cities as pioneering models in Islamic urban planning. This study highlights how political, economic, and social factors interacted with urban expansion and influenced the architectural identity of Iranian cities. It also demonstrates that urban expansion during the Safavid era was not merely a construction process but part of a comprehensive strategy to strengthen governmental centralization and showcase the power of the Safavid state.

Abstract:-
The Fatimid Caliphate is considered one of the most significant periods in Islamic history, playing a central role in enriching thought, culture, and religion. Established in the 10th century CE, this state made substantial achievements in various fields such as science, philosophy, art, and architecture. The Fatimids were among the first to promote rational thinking and philosophical development, contributing to the enrichment and broadening of Islamic thought. The Fatimid state also established new religious traditions, such as organizing celebrations of the Prophet’s birthday, which influenced how religious occasions were commemorated in the Islamic world. Additionally, the Fatimids maintained balanced relationships with different religions and sects, contributing to social stability and religious tolerance. Their achievements were not limited to cultural and philosophical dimensions but also included the arts of architecture and decoration, making Cairo a thriving cultural center in the Islamic world. This research aims to examine the impact of the Fatimid state on the Islamic world by studying its scientific, philosophical, religious, and artistic dimensions and demonstrating the continuity of these influences in later Islamic history.

Abstract:-
This research is about the legal nature and rulings of dissolution of marriage in an absent spouse who is missing the effect, from the perspective of Shafi'i and Imami jurisprudence. The method of collecting information in this research is a combination of fieldwork and library research. The civil law is not completely free from problems in terms of considering the dissolution of an absent spouse who is missing the effect in terms of the occurrence of a divorced wife in hardship and distress due to the absence of the husband. Whenever the husband is absent and missing the effect, his life is considered as a companion and the maintenance of the permanent or divorced wife must be provided from the absentee's property. In Imami jurisprudence, an absent wife who is divorced by a judge is considered a revocable divorcee during the idda period and is entitled to maintenance, but in Shafi'i jurisprudence, guardianship in marriage is reserved for men and the presence of a guardian in a woman's marriage is obligatory and necessary; while in Imami jurisprudence and, consequently, in the civil law, the guardian's authority in this regard is not absolute. The presence of witnesses is also essential in Shafi'i jurisprudence, but it is not required according to the civil law. It seems that the legislator's method in most cases follows the prevailing view of Imamiyya jurists.

Abstract:-
Women, as half of Iranian society in the Qajar era, despite the restrictions and compulsions imposed on them, were always looking for a way to express themselves in all areas of life such as social, cultural, economic, and especially in the political activities of their time. As mentioned in most travelogues of this period, tribal and nomadic women have always enjoyed more freedom of action than other women in the country. The maintenance and supervision of the tribe and clan by the women of the chieftains and chiefs in their absence is a topic that has been well addressed in the writings of travelers.
This research initially addresses the historical position of the tribes and nomads of southern Iran in question, which in fact includes all the tribes of southern, southwestern, and southeastern Iran. The activities of tribal women in relation to important social and cultural issues such as; Clothing, clothing, cosmetics, and tattoos have been examined. The present study, relying on historical data taken from historical texts of the Qajar era, has subjected the position and status of tribal women in southern Iran to historical sociological analysis.

Abstract:-
In this study, "recitation" as a general and universal communication path of mankind with the Holy Quran has been examined and analyzed based on the verses of the Quran. The issues that have been addressed in this article using the verses of the Holy Quran are in three parts. The first part describes the desirable and acceptable recitation of God Almighty in the Holy Quran as a communication path and how to receive it from the context of the method of revelation education "recitation and induction". The second part; Proving recitation as a communication path with the Quran and its important and vital role in the material and spiritual life of mankind, as well as the individual and social harms caused by the Muslim community's inattention to this communication path and the solution to overcome these harms were examined. The third part; The reason for the abandonment of the Quran and the solution to overcome it were analyzed. In addition to the above, this study also addresses the issue of innovation and creativity in reviving this method of revelation education and the educational model of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), the effectiveness of this emerging method and its educational effect in human society in the field of practice with amazing individual and social outcomes, and the cultivation of heroic models of the Quran in national and international arenas. The important point of this study is to prove the effectiveness of this method of teaching and learning through recitation and induction of the Holy Quran as an alternative to conventional education in creating a Quranic society, the realization of which in the context of today's society requires action. Therefore, due to the necessity and vital role of recitation with the revelation model of recitation and induction as a path of communication between humans and the Holy Quran, this study was examined.

Abestrac:-
The problem of this research is the source of the transmitted narratives and pathologies in the interpretation, according to the two teams. Since the transmitted narrations are a collection of hadiths that have been transmitted as Shia hadiths according to evidence and proofs, from al-Sunni sources (the sect of the Caliphs) to the books of the Shia (the sect of Ahl al-Bayt), they have multiple purposes. The most important topics that have been discussed in Al-Masdar are the shared narratives, the narrations related to the revelation of the verses, the narrators who share in the revelation of the verses, the trust in the appearance of some verses, the existence of some Shia narrations, the scientific status and the social status of some Shia scholars, the existence of related narrations, but the most important issues raised in Pathology are the confusion between authentic and authentic narrations, the appearance of falsification and Israeli sources in the Shia sources, and the lack of distinction between the authentic Wallerdee. The source of this issue is due to the religious abilities and narrators of the participants and other factors that are dominated by the negative side, and what causes harm leads to the inauthenticity of the narrations and lack of trust in them.

Abstract:-
It is necessary that contagious diseases must be prevented as they have effects not only on society but on jurisprudence and family rights.
In jurisprudential sources, there are some rules about the effects of fear caused by contagious diseases on couples' relationships.
Nowadays contagious diseases, especially the Corona epidemic is the center of attentions. It, due to its contagious power, has affected many relationships, rights and duties, including the rights and duties of couples.
The present article examines the subject using a descriptive-analytical method and using library resources. This writing states that contagious diseases has effects on the financial rights and duties of couples. However, if the wife does not allow her husband for sexual affairs, she will not have the right to get alimony and sometimes the dowry.
In some cases, when the wife does not give sexual relations to her husband, she will be deprived of alimony and dowry but the husband must pay alimony and dowry to her wife when she cannot comply with the husband because of an excuse like sickness.

Abstract:-
This research is a study of the subject of the death penalty for security crimes in Islamic law, which was relied upon to know the provisions related to security crimes.
We divided the research into three requirements:
The first requirement: The crime of rebellion
The second requirement: The crime of banditry
The third requirement: The crime of corruption on earth
The result of what we reached in our research is that the limits in Islamic law, I mean the punishments, are determined in the law and are a fixed right of God Almighty, so it is not permissible to drop them or be lenient with them and change them for the guardian to rule to implement them and they came in the interest of establishing security and preserving the rights of the entire society. The punishments that are in the sense of the limits do not accept dropping, changing or changing, unlike the discretionary punishments, meaning that the punishment does not drop by prescription, i.e. with the passage of time, but rather remains in effect against the perpetrators and requires implementation no matter how long the time.

Abstract:-
Supplication is an act of worship that we are commanded to do, and whoever abandons this act of worship is arrogant and Allah the Almighty has threatened him with punishment. This act of worship is not permissible except for Allah the Almighty, and the supplication of the believer is certainly answered unless he hastens the answer. The Muslim must investigate the times of answer and the reasons for answering the supplication after taking into account the conditions of supplication and avoiding the obstacles to supplication such as supplication for sin, severing family ties, eating and drinking forbidden food, and abandoning enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong. If the conditions of supplication are fulfilled and the obstacles to supplication are absent, then Allah the Almighty has guaranteed us that the supplication will be answered. And after, the interest in the Holy Quran through all that is related to it from sciences and the arts connected to it, and there is no doubt that serving the Holy Quran is for the sake of devotion and the best acts of obedience that a Muslim saves for his afterlife, and my topic is supplication in which I wanted to gain the honor of this service by searching for the verses of supplication, studying them and analyzing them, and supplication is one of the most beautiful types of worship and it.

Abstract:-
Incomplete crimes are crimes whose elements are not complete for reasons beyond the perpetrator's control, including attempted crimes, impossible crimes, and suspended crimes. This topic Is one of the important issues in Islamic criminal jurisprudence and positive law, as the legal concept of such crimes differs between Imami jurisprudence and the Iraqi Penal Code.
In Imami jurisprudence, criminal liability depends on the completion of the elements of the crime and the presence of explicit criminal intent. Islamic jurisprudence is distinguished by the fact that it does not recognize the attempt in some crimes such as the limits of God, as the attempt is not punishable if the forbidden act is not fully achieved, based on the rule "No limit except in what requires limit". However, in some crimes, the attempt is taken into account when the criminal Intent is present and part of the act Is performed, and It is punishable by discretionary penalties according to the vision of the Sharia judge.
The Iraqi Penal Code stipulates incomplete crimes under the name of attempted crime in Article 30, which specifies that the attempt is represented by the beginning of the implementation of a criminal act with the intention of committing the crime, but it was not completed for reasons beyond the perpetrator's control. The law distinguishes between complete attempt, where the perpetrator performs all the executive acts but the crime is not completed, and incomplete attempt, where the execution stops at a certain stage. The law punishes attempt with a penalty less than the penalty for the completed crime, according to what the judge determines. It appears from the comparison between Imami jurisprudence and the Iraqi Penal Code that there is a fundamental difference in how to deal with Incomplete crimes, as Imami jurisprudence tends to apply discretionary punishments in most cases, leaving room for the Sharia judge to estimate the penalty, while Iraqi law adopts an explicit legal approach that recognizes attempt and incomplete crimes and sets clear penalties for them that are commensurate with the degree of the crime.

Abstract:-
The contemporary world still thinks about freedom and is obsessed with it in its awareness, policies and various positions, and demands respect for human rights and avoidance of human rights violations, whether against women, children or all genders and ages. This is an urgent priority in the countries of the Islamic world, which scholars sense in traditional and contemporary Islamic legislation. It is necessary and useful to reopen patterns of thinking and interpretation that move freedom from being an ideal idea and value; to being an approach or analytical concept in thinking, legislation, ethics, social and economic policies, and in building and exercising authority, and that this should be the result of a systematic interaction with the interpretations of Muslims in understanding it. These data push to open a window on awareness of freedoms in Islamic legislation; and to avoid all unjust and harsh violations against societies in the entire world. By studying the experience of Hanafi jurisprudence in theorizing the idea of freedom and using it as a methodological legislative tool in arranging rights and social systems, a number of contemporary scholars and thinkers have drawn attention to the depth of freedom and distancing from human violations in Abu Hanifa’s thought, and have provided important indications for this, perhaps the most prominent of whom from the jurisprudential context is Sheikh Muhammad Abu Zahra and from the political intellectual context is Hamid Abu Rabie) Therefore, this research talks about the position of Iraqi law on human violations against women and children, as well as talking about all unjust violations that affect any human being in the world as a whole.

Abstract:
The issue of Imam Mahdi’s (aj) relief during the era of the Major Occultation presents a philosophical and doctrinal challenge. At first glance, his apparent absence seems incompatible with the idea of his intervention in worldly affairs. On the other hand, many members of the ummah pass away during this period without the opportunity to benefit from the light of his guardianship (wilayah). Does this align with divine justice, whereby countless individuals are deprived of the Imam’s grace? Or is it possible to remain connected to his emanations even in the age of occultation?
This study adopts an analytical-descriptive methodology, drawing on classical and contemporary sources in Islamic philosophy and theology, to explore the possibility of metaphysical sustenance (imdād ghaybī) from the perspective of Imāmī ontology. It also examines practical examples of individual deliverance (farj). The findings reveal that the Imam—as the final cause (‘illa ghā’iyya) and the mediator of divine effusion (al-wāsita al-fayḍiyya) within the cosmic order—continues to bestow blessings upon the material world through channels such as the awliyā’ (divine allies), supplication (du‘ā), and intercession (tawassul). Furthermore, by analyzing narrations (riwāyāt) and historical accounts, the research highlights tangible manifestations of personal deliverance during the occultation.
The study provides scholarly responses to rational objections regarding the unobservability of such metaphysical aid and delineates the boundary between occult relief and superstitious beliefs. The conclusion emphasizes that the Imam’s (aj) assistance does not contradict the occultation but rather affirms the cosmological role of the Imamate within the universal system.

Abstract:-
One of the most important religious beliefs that guarantees the application of divine laws and has a profound impact on the development of the human soul is belief in resurrection and its truths. Among these truths is the issue of accountability and review of deeds, which is mentioned in the Holy Quran with various interpretations and descriptions. However, what has received little attention is the study of the interpretations that precede these seemingly contradictory interpretations, as God Almighty is described in one place as "Swift in Reckoning" and in other places as "The Accountant." This article addresses this issue by explaining Allamah Tabataba'i's view of the term "accountability," presenting his interpretation of the rejection of entitlement and compensation. In comparison with Allamah Fadlallah's view, it analyzes it, then critically examines and examines the evidence from both sides. Based on this, the interpretations that indicate the lack of need for accountability are that accountability is a limited state, whose affairs are disrupted when needs increase and His gifts expand. Therefore, the most holy essence of God, absolute in His essence and absolute in His richness, has no limits to His possessions.

Abstract:-
This research examines the military leadership of Sayf al-Dawla al-Hamdani, one of the most prominent military and political leaders in the history of the Hamdani State, which ruled the Levant and northern Iraq during the 4th century AH/10th century CE. The study focuses on analyzing Sayf al-Dawla's leadership traits that enabled him to manage wars and face political and military challenges. It also explores the internal and external challenges he faced, such as conflicts with local leaders and constant pressures from the Byzantine Empire. Additionally, the research highlights the impact of his military leadership in stabilizing the state and establishing its position as a regional power, as well as the consequences of his death on the future of the Hamdani State. The study relies on the analysis of reliable historical sources to provide a comprehensive view of this important period in Islamic history.

Abstract:-
There is a consensus among jurists on the necessity of the parties being intentional for the conclusion of a contract, and even a claim of consensus has been made in this regard. However, there is disagreement on whether intention is considered one of the conditions of the parties, one of the components of the contract, a condition of the contract, or a cause for the existence of the contract.
Although in most jurisprudential texts, intention is mentioned among the conditions of the parties, many jurists believe that intention should be regarded as one of the components of the contract. They argue that in the absence of intention, a contract will not come into existence, and the existence of the contract depends on the intention of the contracting party. In contrast, some others consider intention to be one of the conditions of the contract's formula and believe that just as the gap between offer and acceptance prevents the realization of the contract, the lack of intention among the parties will also lead to the non-existence of the contract. Another group views intention as one of the conditions of the parties, as intention is considered one of the attributes of the contracting party, who is the one intending to enter into the contract. Ultimately, there is another perspective regarding intention, which views it as a reason for the existence of the contract rather than a component of the contract, as existence does not affect the essence of the contract.

Abstract:-
Media is defined as the dissemination of accurate and correct information, so that it affects people in a conscious way, the goal of which is enlightenment and informing the masses of the necessary facts to serve the truth, society and individuals.
It was said that it is the art of transferring information, ideas and trends from one party to another through a complex social process, which involves an interaction process as it depends entirely on communication without which no social interaction occurs, i.e. no mutual influence occurs in behavior through speech and signals, considering that the position of social interaction includes a psychological and social organization system that is individuals and groups and multiple cognitive processes such as feeling, perception and thinking, and the changes that result from these processes in the behavior of the individual or group.
In this study, we concluded that there is an implicit match between the concepts of media and communication, which is evident from the fact that media is a media activity that includes all the components and basic components of communication activity, which are the source of information and media messages and the media means that transmit these messages to the audience of recipients and receivers of the media material, and the media impact is due.
We concluded that media policy stems from the nature of its social, economic, cultural and political facts, and can only be understood through knowing the general context of these facts and the environment surrounding them.
Most governments, despite the differences in their policies, are keen to impose their direct or indirect control over their media, due to their influential power over the public, in addition to other means in the political field such as weapons and money.

Abstract:-
Testimony occupies an important position in the Islamic judicial system as a means of proof. Islamic fiqh has carefully regulated the provisions for retracting testimony, taking into account the interests of all parties. This research aims to review the provisions for retracting testimony and its effects in various judicial aspects according to the various schools of fiqh.
Retraction of testimony is when a witness retracts his testimony before a court, whether due to discovering an error in his testimony, repenting from giving false testimony, or for any other reason that convinces him of the invalidity of his testimony. Jurists have unanimously agreed on the permissibility of retracting testimony in general, whether due to repentance from false testimony or due to errors or ambiguity in his testimony. For a retraction to be valid, it must be:
In court: retraction is not valid except in the presence of a judge, It must be from the witnesses themselves: retraction from others is not acceptable; It must be explicit and clear.

Abstract:-
This article talks about injustice in a time when injustice has become widespread, and has even become a feature of this era that we can call the era of the tyranny of injustice in which the West wanted to spread its positive human principles and impose them on the earth by force, to control it and the resources of its people.
Allah has reassured his oppressed servants that their right will return to them, God willing, even after a while, and that the end is for the righteous, and Allah gives respite but does not neglect, and He has prepared for the oppressors a painful punishment in this world and the hereafter, and He will do justice to the oppressed, and will grant them victory over their enemies, with His permission, for He is the Subduer over His servants, and Allah has made this world a place of testing and trial. He gives the oppressor respite until He seizes him, and does not let him go. As for the oppressed, he is honored by Allah Almighty and has the fullest reward in the Gardens of Bliss, if he is one of the patient Muslims who seek their reward from Allah, Lord of the Worlds.

Abstract:-
Creed is the firm and unwavering belief in Allah the Almighty and all that is due to Him in terms of forms of monotheism. It is one of the scientific matters that every Muslim must believe in his heart and base his Islamic thinking on. Religion alone can grant a person inner peace and psychological stability in the midst of spiritual conflict and anxiety that plague contemporary man. Therefore, educators must be aware that belief in Allah the Almighty and His Messengers is an important foundation for building a righteous individual. Therefore, educational institutions must raise the level of moderate religious culture in their students, as ignorance of religion leaves them living in a vacuum that is easy for those who seek to influence them. This protects the thought of the seeker of knowledge from exploitation or attempts to lure him into adopting some deviant visions and ideas. In addition, it is the duty of the seeker of knowledge to seek the pleasure of Allah the Almighty by reviving the religion and preserving Islam, as the survival of Islam depends on knowledge. Every educational process is gradual according to the recipient's level of understanding and awareness, using multiple purposeful methods based on the innate approach that addresses the human's inner nature. This is followed by the necessity of constantly remembering Allah Almighty and contemplating the wonders of His creation. This requires thanking Allah Almighty and worshipping Him alone for His countless blessings. Therefore, educators are obligated to instill in their children the approach of pure monotheism, to raise them to observe Allah Almighty and to feel His closeness and protection of His faithful followers. They are also obligated to warn children against all foreign and deviant ideas that seek to lure young people into the abyss of sin and distance them from their religion.

Abstract:-
The purpose of this research is to examine the contrast between the approaches and classification systems employed by Orientalists, irrespective of their origin or affiliation, regarding the wars during the caliphate of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him). This is studied in relation to the civil wars preceding his reign and the sociological impact it had on the Islamic society. I focus on the reverberations of the Battle of Nahrawan and the Kharijites (the "Renegades") as the foundational ideological contesting force in the Islamic political landscape, serving as one of the primal constituents of political and theological identity formation within the Islamic movement. The study also analyzes the scholarly works of Denis Stephane Piveteau and his colleagues in regard to the spatial and chronological parameters relative to the Battle of Nahrawan and evaluates how far their conclusions were devoid of cultural and religious biases typical of an Orientalist framework.

Abstract:-
The topic of "Al-Hajjaj Secrets" in the Quranic text is crucial in studying Quranic texts and eloquence. The research includes an introduction, a preface, and two chapters, each with two subtopics. The study yielded results, including the relationship between the term "Al-Hajjaj" and other terms.
It found that simile is a rhetorical device used in the Quranic text to achieve persuasive argumentative goals, along with other devices like metaphor, allegory, and more. The study also highlighted the use of argumentative tools like "but," "no," and the conjunction "and." Additionally, it explored the impact of argumentative factors like "only" and "indeed" and the role of emphasis in the text.