Kut University College Journal for Humanitarian Science

Extremist religious movements are a serious threat to social and political security in many societies, which necessitates combating this phenomenon effectively. Educational institutions play a pivotal role in spreading a culture of tolerance and peaceful coexistence, but there is a need to develop integrated educational curricula and awareness programs. These institutions should enhance community awareness of the dangers associated with extremist ideology and train teachers on effective methods to combat this phenomenon. Interfaith and intercultural dialogue should also be encouraged as a means of strengthening community ties. Ultimately, education and community engagement are the foundation for building a society that is resistant to extremism.

This study investigates the role of school curricula in fostering social peace from the perspective of secondary school female teachers. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, the research targeted a sample of 150 female teachers working in public secondary schools for girls in Wasit Governorate. The instrument used, a questionnaire titled The Role of School Curricula in Achieving Social Peace, underwent rigorous evaluation to ensure psychometric soundness. Both face and construct validity were established, while Cronbach’s alpha confirmed the internal consistency and reliability of the tool.Findings highlight that school curricula contribute significantly to promoting social peace among teachers. The results were categorized into three main patterns. First, items reflecting clear and well-established educational concepts attained high mean scores, showing the curricula’s success in embedding foundational values and principles. Second, items requiring improvement or reinforcement received moderate mean scores, signaling areas where curricular elements need further refinement to align with contemporary educational demands. Third, items that indicated practices not sufficiently implemented in actual classrooms recorded low mean scores, emphasizing gaps between curricular intentions and real-world application. Overall, the study concludes that while curricula hold an important role in shaping attitudes and practices conducive to social peace, disparities exist between theoretical content and practical activation. This calls for continuous curriculum development, teacher training, and supportive educational policies to ensure that the intended goals of peacebuilding through education are effectively realized.

The family is the first cell in society and the first social institution that the individual is exposed to from his birth, and on stature, and her strength choose the goodness and stature of society through sound education and good example. The husband and wife are the pillars of the family. If each of them is sound, it can be a home based on sound education that relies on the values and principles that build Islam. The family is the cradle. It is the natural responsibility that protects young people and develops their bodies and minds. They also derive their customs, morals and natures from it. Given its importance in instilling values and morals in the souls of its individuals, Islam has given it great importance as it considers it the basic building block of society. Individuals who are raised on lofty moral principles become good citizens who are able to interact positively with society. Which leads to reducing hatred and injustice and enhancing the spirit of cooperation and morals among members of society, which contributes to achieving social cohesion. Values are transmitted to society through educational institutions, but their impact varies according to the age stages that the individual passes through. In the first years of life, the family plays an important role in this, and as the social environment expands, other institutions such as the school begin. Religious and other institutions exercise their roles in building the individual’s personality. These institutions may agree or differ in terms of the principles that they seek to affirm, including values and trends, according to the circumstances of the society in which they exist. There is a degree of overlap between the influence of each of them on the souls of individuals, such that we cannot isolate The impact of one on the other. These educational and social institutions that society created to educate its individuals and transmit the moral and cultural heritage to them are considered among the most important institutions responsible for teaching and disseminating values after the family, such as the school, the mosque, and other institutions that share the family’s responsibilities in forming educational and moral values for individuals.

Intellectual terrorism is a modern term whose roots go back to an old idea that existed without this touch if its effects extended to many nations in ancient and modern times and caused a negative change in the customs and traditions of human societies, which led to their weakening and their interpretation. The danger of intellectual terrorism does not lie in targeting individuals with shameful minds that have strayed from the system of sound beliefs. There is hardly a society without it, but the danger lies in the spread of the idea of ​​intellectual terrorism and the expansion of its dance and its circle, which is reflected in societal peace and destabilizes the individual and makes him unable to innovate on various levels, as intellectual terrorism is a global epidemic that threatens all nations.

The research, titled "The Role of the Popular Mobilization Forces in Promoting Intellectual Security and Combating Extremism Among Youth," aims to uncover the role of the Popular Mobilization Forces in promoting intellectual security, identify the most important pillars of intellectual security, and attempt to understand the role of the Popular Mobilization Forces in combating extremism among youth. The study also sought to understand the causes of intellectual extremism. The researcher relied on a descriptive and analytical approach. The research concluded that:



The study showed that the phenomenon of intellectual extremism is one of the most prominent processes behind terrorist operations.

Protecting society from extremist ideas, fanaticism, and extremism contributes to achieving security stability and building a cohesive society.

Preventing the phenomenon of intellectual extremism requires the cooperation of official and unofficial institutions by formulating a policy based on sound policies to manage ethnic diversity.

The study demonstrated that the Popular Mobilization Forces have made a significant contribution to preserving the social fabric, promoting the values ​​of intellectual security, and achieving social coexistence among members of Iraqi society.

Moderate religious discourse contributes to promoting intellectual security and respect for the beliefs of different religions

This research paper examines the role of Iraqi women in building peace and promoting peaceful coexistence. The study aims to highlight the role of Iraqi women in building peace and promoting peaceful coexistence, as the role of Iraqi women is an important and fundamental role in promoting peaceful coexistence and building peace. , and that Women’s access to and participation in peacebuilding processes is crucial and essential for the success of this mission. Women constitute 50% of the world’s population and therefore must be part of the solution. Women constitute 50% of the world’s population, and therefore they must be part of the solution. Indeed, their exclusion is enough to ensure the continuation of crises and conflicts. In addition, the mechanism for integrating women into peacebuilding processes provides a unique opportunity to strengthen the country’s commitments to address the issue of women’s limited participation and access to peace processes. At all levels and stages, Women also play many roles in complex, multi-track peacebuilding processes, whether contributing directly by sitting at the official negotiating table or being outside the official framework by engaging as active parties from civil society.

Acknowledging the comprehensive understanding of women, their experiences, and their capabilities, and integrating all of this into all aspects of peacekeeping operations, is essential to the success of society and government’s peacekeeping efforts, and the process of social control is one of the most important pillars of achieving social peace in society Social control has forms and means through which it is achieved, and education is the most important of these tools. Here, the important and vital role of women in the processes of education, socialization and human building is highlighted by instilling the values of peace, love and mutual respect among all members of society. It can be said that women’s participation in peace building included many humanitarian initiatives undertaken On the basis of enhancing social cohesion among members of society.

Previous studies have examined the application of punishments; however, the reasons that drive individuals to punish others have not received sufficient attention. This study aims to explore individuals’ tendencies in directing punishments, distinguishing between two orientations: retributive and utilitarian, and their impact on reducing undesirable behaviors in society. Traffic police officers were chosen as the study sample since they have the authority to impose punishments fairly.


The research aimed to identify:


The orientation of punishment (retributive and utilitarian) among traffic police officers.


Individual differences in punishment orientation according to rank (officer, commissioner), educational level (secondary, high school, bachelor’s and above), and years of service (1–10, 11–20, 21 and above).


The researcher adopted Yamamoto’s (2014) Punishment Orientation Scale, based on Weiner’s (2006) attribution theory of motivation and emotion. The final version contained 20 items classified into retributive and utilitarian orientations, with five response options (strongly agree – agree – neutral – disagree – strongly disagree). The sample consisted of 300 traffic officers from Wasit Province (91 officers and 209 commissioners). Reliability coefficients by test–retest were 0.82 (utilitarian) and 0.79 (retributive), while Cronbach’s alpha reached 0.70 (utilitarian) and 0.68 (retributive).


The findings revealed that:


The sample showed high levels of both retributive and utilitarian orientations.


The dominant orientation was retributive compared to utilitarian.


A significant difference was found in retributive orientation according to rank, favoring officers, while no significant differences appeared regarding years of service. A significant difference was also found in retributive orientation according to educational leve

Extremism is the most deadly, according to preliminary reports from international organizations. It is more dangerous than genocide and viruses that have not been eradicated. It threatens and occupies countries without any oversight or spotlight. Extremism has existed since ancient times, carrying within it murder, destruction, war, displacement, and genocide. It excommunicates anyone who does not believe in the extremist ideology, whether Islamist, political, or any of the regimes or movements that have emerged from time to time. In order to address the harms resulting from extremism and its impact on societal behavior, we must develop an approach to addressing this extremism: moderation, centrism, and promoting a spirit of tolerance, love, and coexistence among the people of the country, regardless of their religion, sect, ethnicity, or customs. Everyone shares a common love for their homeland and its defense, which should be the prevailing slogan guiding society.

In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. May the best of prayers and the most complete peace be upon the beloved of God to all the worlds, Abu al-Qasim Muhammad, and upon his pure and immaculate family...


In the biography of the Imams of the Household of the Prophet (peace be upon them), there are many situations in which there is a clear manifestation of the call for dialogue and the call in a good and complete way to convince the other party with practical, non-offensive methods. There is no doubt that following this method is not...


Strange to the true school that these purest imams follow, which is the Islamic school, whose approach is expressed in the Holy Quran in the Almighty’s saying: “Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction.”Our research plan after the introduction will be divided into two sections. The first is dialogue and good preaching in the biography of the Imams of the Household of the Prophet until the era of Imam Ja’far ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq (peace be upon him). The second section will be entitled: dialogue and good preaching in the biography of the Imams from the era of Imam Ja’far. Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) and even Imam Muhammad bin Al-Hassan Al-Mahdi (peace be upon him), and after that we concluded our research with a conclusion that showed the results the research reached.

Given the exceptional ability of the media to convey news and information, its various means are often relied upon within the framework of political, social, and cultural processes, especially when a community wishes to adopt and disseminate a particular idea among its members. The success of this process depends on the nature of the community itself, leading to the media institution becoming one of the pillars of social construction in modern societies. It contributes not only to informing individuals about local news and events but also plays a role in conveying global developments to them wherever they are.


In order for media discourse to have a significant impact on promoting a culture of peace, it must aim to foster tolerance, coexistence, and equality among all members and components of society. In this case, the media serves as a bridge for communication to create peace. However, it can also be a significant obstacle to achieving peace; the manner of its use determines whether the desired goal is achieved. This is what we will address in this research, attempting to highlight the substantial impact of all media in achieving a culture of peaceful coexistence and community security among all components.

The main idea of ​​the research is based on diving into the contributions of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, in preserving societal peace through a conceptual review of the concept of societal peace and the nature of its basic components through which we document the existence of a peaceful society with itself and with its human surroundings. Then we mention the bright aspects of the sayings of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, in this aspect, with a focus on three aspects: the existence of strong and merciful rule, justice and societal equality, and the provision of societal security and its effect in preserving the continuation of societal peace and preventing its collapse.

This study examines the role of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in achieving societal peace by examining his approach to building a cohesive society based on justice, tolerance, and peaceful coexistence. It aims to shed light on the foundations the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) established to achieve societal stability, such as justice and equality, resolving conflicts through peaceful means, and promoting the values ​​of dialogue and tolerance among different individuals and groups. The study also explores the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) role in spreading the culture of tolerance and forgiveness, as he forgave his opponents and urged his companions to treat others kindly, which contributed to reducing conflicts and achieving stability. The study also discusses how the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) dealt with religious minorities, such as Jews and Christians, establishing laws that protected their rights and guaranteed their freedom to practice their religious rituals within a framework that preserved the security and unity of society. The study also highlights the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) role in establishing the principle of dialogue as a means of resolving conflicts, as peaceful negotiations, such as the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, served as a model for managing conflicts through peaceful means. Through an analysis of Quranic texts and Prophetic hadiths, the research demonstrates how Islamic teachings have contributed to achieving societal stability. The Holy Quran calls for justice, benevolence, and tolerance, as stated in the verse: "And let not the hatred of a people prevent you from being just. Be just; that is nearer to righteousness." (Al-Ma'idah: 8). The research also recommends a deeper study of the Prophet's biography to understand how to build a society characterized by peace and coexistence.

Intellectual terrorism is a very important topic that requires great attention from researchers and thinkers, as its effects extend to various aspects of social and political life. This term refers to the use of extremist ideas and inflammatory speeches to achieve goals that harm social security and public order, and the risk increases in light of recent developments in the media and technology. Its most prominent methods include spreading sedition and sectarian conflicts, inciting violence, as well as its great impact in stimulating intellectual extremism through the media, educational curricula, and religious activities. This threat is not limited to individuals or groups only, but includes societies in general This necessitates combating these phenomena through effective legislative and judicial measures, based on awareness and promoting the spirit of tolerance and moderation in society. The study of combating intellectual terrorism requires activating the role of educational, religious and media institutions in spreading a calm culture that encourages dialogue, understanding and peaceful coexistence among all segments of society, and practicing activities and rituals according to each person’s beliefs in a peaceful manner without adopting negative.

Human Development as a Foundation for Strengthening National Identity Human development is considered one of the fundamental pillars in building and advancing societies. No nation can achieve comprehensive renaissance from the time God created the earth until He inherits it without investing in the development of its citizens\' capabilities and reinforcing both their material and moral values. The title \"Human Development as a Foundation for Strengthening National Identity\" highlights the strong interconnection between individual development and the enhancement of national belonging. In a world experiencing rapid changes and multiple challenges, maintaining national identity and empowering individuals intellectually, psychologically, and professionally is essential to face these challenges while preserving that identity.

Rationale for Topic Selection: The topic was selected due to its clarity and simplicity on one hand, and its foundational importance in the development of individuals and the enhancement of national identity on the other. This title emphasizes the mechanism of investing in the human being as a central element in strengthening the sense of belonging, identity, and social empowerment. The importance of this topic lies in highlighting the pivotal role of human development in safeguarding national identity amid global changes and the challenges that may threaten the cultural identity of societies, and in showing how human development can be used as a tool to reinforce national affiliation and strengthen bonds.

Research Objectives: To clarify the relationship between human development and the strengthening of national identity ,To explore the role of institutions in developing individuals as active citizens, To analyze developmental policies that enhance national belonging and support cultural identity,To present practical solutions to improve human development strategies in a way that reinforces national identity.

Research Problem: The study addresses the weak connection between national identity and individuals in some societies, particularly in light of challenges such as globalization and rapid cultural changes. It seeks to lay the groundwork for bridging the gap between individual skill development and the preservation of national identity.

Structure of the Paper: Introduction, Two Main Chapters, Conclusion, and a List of Sources and References.

In the context of researching the concept of extremism and its transformations between thought and deviation into violence through societal practice, you find that it is the result of the interaction of several factors, including historical and social factors related to culture, politics, religion, or ideology. Philosophy plays an important role in understanding extremism and trying to understand its roots, and providing advice and treatment for this intellectual disease through its tools such as criticism, analysis, and understanding. In the social context, extremism appears in environments that suffer from poverty, injustice, chaos, discrimination,social disintegration and slums, which creates fertile ground for the spread of extremist ideas. This can be addressed by providing decent living, paying attention to the educational and environmental aspects, and achieving social justice in the distribution of economic wealth. The fact that society is an essential partner in combating extremism and limiting its spread.

After 2003, Iraq underwent significant political and social transformations that affected various sectors, including education, These changes in the political and social structure had a direct impact on the educational system, leading to challenges related to national identity, social integration, and the promotion of societal peace Educational institutions play a pivotal role in fostering a culture of coexistence among Iraq’s diverse communities. Through curricula and teaching methods, concepts of citizenship, cultural diversity, and respect for others can be reinforced, contributing to the development of generations capable of overcoming sectarian and ethnic tensions.

Religious architecture is one of the intellectual inventions of the ancient Iraqi people of great importance, as it contributed effectively to shaping the cultural identity in an environment characterized by its difficulty and harsh condi tions, as architecture in general and religious architecture in particular were subject to environmental influences, whether natural or cultural, but it remains a witness to the religious spiritual values and beliefs that prevailed in ancient Iraq. Therefore, the environment of Iraq produced religious buildings that confirmed the progress and maturity of the religious and cultural awareness of society in ancient Iraqi civilization in terms of choosing buildings, their authentic engineering designs, and their functional symbols. These buildings were the first pillar that represented a mature, integrated society.

This research addresses one of the important aspects of the lives of the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), with particular focus on Imam al-Hasan and Imam al-Husayn (peace be upon them). This aspect is tolerance and social peace. The Holy Qur’an and the Prophet’s Sunnah (peace be upon him and his family) strongly emphasize the promotion of tolerance and the preservation of social harmony, a path that was consistently followed by both Imams (peace be upon them).


From this perspective, and given its significance in the lives of Muslims in general, this concise study is entitled:


“Imam al-Hasan and Imam al-Husayn (peace be upon them) and Their Approach to Social Peace.”


The research is divided into two sections. The first section examines Imam al-Hasan (peace be upon him) and the principle of peaceful tolerance, while the second section discusses Imam al-Husayn (peace be upon him) and his approach to peaceful tolerance. The study relies on a number of primary sources in its analysis.


The findings of this brief research indicate that Imam al-Hasan (peace be upon him) followed the approach of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, as well as the path of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) when he accepted arbitration during the Battle of Siffin. In accordance with this methodology, Imam al-Hasan (peace be upon him) agreed to conclude a peace treaty in order to prevent the shedding of Muslim blood. Likewise, Imam al-Husayn (peace be upon him) acted with the same spirit when he called upon his supporters during the Battle of Karbala to adhere to tolerance, forgiveness, benevolence, and compassion. All of this stemmed from the guidance of the Holy Qur’an, as stated in the verse: “But if you pardon and overlook and forgive, then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.” (Qur’an 64:14).

This research deals with the topic of rejecting extremism in the Holy Quran, specifically in Surat Al-Baqarah, which is one of the basic surahs that laid the foundations of moderation and balance in Islamic thought and practice. The research seeks to analyze the intellectual extremism that threatens human societies, and how to address it through the verses of the Holy Quran that urge moderation.

The research begins by defining extremism and extremism as synonymous with it, while highlighting the dangers of these two concepts in rooting intellectual conflicts and differences that may lead to the division of society. The research addressed this concept from a legal and historical perspective, trying to identify the intellectual roots that may lead to extremism and how to confront them.

The verses rejecting extremism in Surat Al-Baqarah were presented, which dealt with the analysis of the issues of moderation in worship and dealings, and the rejection of extremism and fanaticism in religion. It was also noted how the Holy Quran calls for guiding individuals towards balance in thought and action, while emphasizing the importance of rationality and tolerance. Among the verses addressed in the research, light was shed on verses calling for true faith in God, and dealing wisely with others, in addition to calling for social and economic reform, so that justice and equality are achieved among people. As for addressing extremism in the surah, the research showed how the Holy Quran, through Surat Al-Baqarah, provides realistic and practical solutions to get rid of extremism, starting with the faith-based directives that focus on commitment to moral values, through strengthening the concept of cooperation and coexistence between individuals, and reaching the imposition of societal values ​​that ensure stability and harmony. Finally, the research concludes that the Holy Quran, specifically through Surat Al-Baqarah, provides strong foundations for combating extremism. By returning to the Quranic texts, modern societies can acquire ideas and concepts that help them spread a culture of moderation and tolerance, and avoid extremism and intellectual deviation.

Education plays an important role in the development of society and its development through the contribution of its institutions in graduating human cadres trained to work in all fields and different specialties, and the university is one of the most important of these institutions, as it is entrusted with a set of objectives that fall under three main functions: education, manpower preparation and scientific research, in addition to community service.

The university is the most important social institutions that affect and are affected by the social atmosphere surrounding it, as it is the creation of society on the one hand, and on the other hand it is its performance in making its technical, professional, political and intellectual leadership, and from here each university has its mission that it undertakes to achieve, as the university in the Middle Ages has a different mission and purpose from the university in the modern era, and so each type of society has its own university that suits it.

Many specialists agree that the university has an important role in serving society, and the basic functions of the university are determined in three basic functions: preparing human resources, conducting scientific research, contributing to the process of socialization and transferring culture, and the last function of the university deals with working to formulate and shape the consciousness of students, addressing the issues and problems of society, and working to serve and develop society

With regard to the third function of the university, which is the function of community service, the university must provide its services directly to individuals in the community, whether in the form of mandatory or integrative educational programs.