Journal of Al-qadisiya in arts and educational sciences

This study aims to investigate EFL female students' perceptions of communicative language teaching in the classrooms at Umm Al Qura University. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach, with forty-three female students responding to the researcher's questionnaire. The study employed a simple random sampling research design within the quantitative research paradigm. The questionnaire addressed three aspects of the communicative language teaching approach: tasks, activities, and evaluation in the English classroom; the role of students in the English classroom; and the role of teachers in the English classroom. The research findings indicated that EFL female students' perceptions of the communicative language teaching in English classrooms are high. The results indicated that students favor the implementation of the CLT in English language teaching. It suggests using various CLT strategies in the classroom to help students better comprehend English as a foreign language.

Title: The Effect of Employing Kagan Cooperative Learning Structures on Developing Juristic Reasoning Skills and Value-Based Behavior among Middle School Female Students in Islamic Education Course. Author; Dr. Abeer Abdulqader Ibrahim Al-Arrabi
This study aimed to investigate the effect of employing Kagan cooperative learning structures on developing juristic reasoning skills and value-based behavior among first-grade middle school female students in the Islamic Education course. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was adopted. The study sample consisted of (70) female students from Al-Batoul International School in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, who were purposively selected. The instructional intervention involved teaching Unit Four, “Good Companionship and Good Character,” from the Islamic Studies textbook using Kagan cooperative learning structures. Two validated research instruments were administered before and after the intervention: a Juristic Reasoning Skills Test and a Value-Based Behavior Scale. The results revealed statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-test mean scores in both the overall scores and sub-skills of juristic reasoning, as well as in value-based behavior, in favor of the post-test. The effect size was high, indicating the strong effectiveness of employing Kagan cooperative learning structures in enhancing juristic reasoning skills and value-based behavior. The study recommended integrating Kagan cooperative learning structures into Islamic Education instruction and providing professional training for teachers on cooperative learning strategies based on Kagan’s models.

Our research, titled "Persuasion Mechanisms in the Movie 12 Angry Men," operates within the framework of contemporary discourse analysis, aiming to uncover the structures that constitute discourse and govern its transitions. This study is among the few interdisciplinary attempts that merge linguistics with cinema, granting language a pivotal role in analyzing the architecture of cinematic dialogue. We have selected a landmark icon of world cinema, a film where dialogue emerges as the sole, undisputed protagonist. In this work, we reveal the most significant persuasive techniques employed throughout the film's interactions. The argumentative approach (Pragma-dialectics/Argumentation theory) was central to our analysis, supplemented by other linguistic methodologies to ensure a comprehensive study .

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

The research aims to study the conditions of oral narration in its early beginnings, and to trace the role of women in transmitting the narration, as some factors, including closeness to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, or closeness to some of the Companions, helped women to have a role in transmitting news related to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, but the number of narrations, whether many or few, differed. Some women had a small number of narrations transmitted from them that did not match the degree of kinship with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and some had narrations and hadiths transmitted from them that were exaggerated to the point that we try to search and scrutinize some narrations and their credibility, or to doubt whether they were actually transmitted from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, or not.

The current research aims to know the level of technological enlightenment among teachers of biology for the preparatory stage, and the differences in the level of technological enlightenment among teachers of biology at the middle stage according to the gender variable, as the current research was limited to a sample of (100) teachers and teachers in the governmental preparatory and secondary day schools affiliated For the Diwaniyah Education Directorate - the center of the morning study, and for the academic year (2022-2021), They were chosen by stratified random method, and on the basis of proportional distribution. The researcher used the descriptive research method. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared a measure of technological enlightenment, after reviewing previous studies and consulting experts to determine four dimensions: (the cognitive domain, the skill domain, the emotional domain, and the social ethical domain) by (36) A paragraph with five alternatives (strongly agree, somewhat agree, disagree, somewhat disagree, absolutely disagree), and the psychometric properties of the scale’s paragraphs were verified. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used in data processing, and the research concluded that biology teachers for the preparatory stage have a high level of technological enlightenment, and there are differences in the level of technological enlightenment in terms of the gender variable (males - females) in favor of males.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using mind maps in acquiring grammatical rules among third-grade intermediate female students. The study adopted the experimental method and was applied to a sample of (52) students, divided into two groups: a control group of (26) students who studied the sixth unit of the My Eternal Language textbook using the traditional method, which covered the grammatical concepts of (masdar, numbers, and apposition), and an experimental group of (26) students who studied the same unit through a mind map program. A specially designed achievement test was developed by the researcher to measure the targeted grammatical concepts. Several appropriate statistical methods were employed to analyze the data and test the hypotheses, including the Shapiro–Wilk test to verify the normal distribution of the data for both groups, and the independent samples t-test to compare them. The results revealed that the use of mind maps had a very significant effect on the acquisition of grammatical rules among the students of the experimental group, with an Eta squared value of (0.584), indicating statistically significant differences in the post-application of the achievement test in favor of the experimental group. In light of these findings, the study recommended encouraging curriculum designers to adopt strategies based on the constructivist theory, and to incorporate activities utilizing mind maps to support the development of grammatical concept learning skills for students across all stages of general education.

The Study aimed to investigate The Effect Of The Verification strategy on the Acquisition of Literary Concepts and objective thinking among fourth-grade literary students . The researcher employed an experimental design with two equivalent groups and intentionally selected Imam Ali Secondary School for Boys. Section (B) was randomly assigned as the experimental group with 31 students, while section (A) represented the control group with 33 students, bringing the total sample to 64 students. Statistical equivalence was ensured between the groups in variables such as chronological age (in months), prior knowledge test, intelligence test, and objective thinking scale. The study material was taken from the Arabic Language textbook for the fourth literary grade (Part One), and 165 behavioral objectives were formulated according to the first three levels of Bloom’s taxonomy. The researcher prepared a literary concept acquisition test consisting of 36 multiple-choice questions based on a table of specifications, verifying its validity, reliability (using the split-half method), discrimination, difficulty, and distractor efficiency. A 30-item objective thinking scale was also used, and appropriate statistical analyses were applied. The results showed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group.

These research papers monitor the essential summary of the interpretive approach of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) school, which is based on a balance between transmission (narration) and reason (rational deduction), in a scientific approach that rejects rigidity on the apparent meaning of the text without reason, and rejects independence of opinion without authentic texts. It is an approach that combines the authenticity of the source (authentic transmission) and the vitality of the tool (sound reason) to achieve the optimal understanding of the Qur’an and its guidance, integration and non-contradiction, and rejecting the rigid understanding of texts if it conflicts with the axioms of reason or its definitive rules, and arriving at the correct and true understanding of the will of God Almighty, while preserving the authenticity of the text from moral distortion or misunderstanding, and proving that Islam is the religion of reason and instinct in addition to being the religion of revelation.

The phonetic problem has long been one of the central linguistic issues that attracted the attention of early scholars, just as it continues to do in modern phonetic studies. Modern linguists have achieved a vast body of specialized knowledge in the study of language, a fact largely attributable to the adoption of systematic methodologies in both scientific and cognitive research. At the same time, early scholars demonstrated a high level of awareness of the foundations and roots of language, comparable to that of contemporary researchers.
This study examines phonetic alternation in the works of al-Baghawī and is divided into two main parts. The first addresses alternation among consonants, a phenomenon that appears predominantly in Qurʾānic readings and influences semantic interpretation. The second focuses on alternation among short vowels, namely the diacritical vowel markings. The research investigates an early linguistic effort in this field as manifested in the exegetical work of al-Baghawī, a distinguished Qurʾānic commentator, highlighting his contributions to phonetic substitution. Such phonetic substitution has been adopted by modern scholars as a criterion for distinguishing and describing linguistic sounds.
Through this study, the research seeks to demonstrate that the contributions of early scholars in this linguistic domain were not inferior to those of modern researchers. Linguistic heritage embodies significant scientific and epistemological value, rendering it a solid foundation upon which contemporary linguistic studies can be built.

and that studying the semantic analysis of its words requires pausing and contemplating to deduce its hidden suggestions behind the text and its incomplete hidden secrets in the morphological significance. And the grammatical and Qur’anic use of these words; this research was entitled (Semantic analysis of the terms ignorance and foolishness in the Holy Qur’an).
The Qur’an is a divine text with its beauty and depth, as it contains excellent properties and effects that give man perfection. No doubt, paying attention to the Holy Qur’an in learning and teaching is considered one of the most excellent closeness a servant can achieve to God Almighty since it is the book to which God Almighty is grateful. This nation is responsible for preserving and preserving it from distortion and alteration, and what increases the level of praise in glorifying God Almighty is that the research is connected to the service of His Noble Book

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

The present study seeks to discover "persuasive argumentative writing abilities among students of Arabic language departments at colleges of education" using the following methods:
Identifying persuasive persuasive writing abilities among students of Arabic language departments in faculties of education according to the gender variable (male - female), and the researcher used the (descriptive) technique to accomplish the study goals; As the research sample consisted of (200) students, the research community included students from the Arabic language departments in the faculties of education (University of Qadisiyah - University of Babylon - University of Karbala - University of Muthanna) who numbered (407) male and female students in the third stage for the academic year 2021-2022. As the number of students reached (57) men and (143) females, female students were allocated using gender-proportional random stratification of the gender variable (males - females). The researcher devised a test for persuasive writing abilities with (25) items, and the The test was presented to experts and arbitrators, and after verifying the tool's validity, it was applied to the research sample, and after statistically emptying the tool's data using statistical means and the statistical bag (spss), the research concluded with results, the most important of which were: the research sample has good persuasive persuasive writing skills, and there are statistically significant differences between males and females (0.05). and degree of liberty (198),
The researcher then arrived at a set of findings, recommendations, and proposals.

In this research, Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) as an instructional approach in the area of English language training is discussed systematically. TBLT takes more emphasis on real language use, problem-solving, and meaningful communication than the traditional form-oriented methods. To dispel enduring misconceptions in the regional research, the review synthesized the foundational theories, mainly Long's Interaction Hypothesis (1985), Swain's Output Hypothesis (1985), and Ellis's task-based framework, as well as to address the misattribution of TBLT to Krashen's Input Hypothesis. The methodology to be used in the study is an organised systematic review, also explains theme analysis, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and search tactics. Findings show that TBLT leads to improved learner engagement, autonomy, accuracy, fluency, and communication competence. However, it is not without its challenges such as inadequate teacher preparation, exam-driven curricula, big class numbers, a lack of instructional resources, and a lack of technology preparedness, especially in Arab educational contexts. The prospective pedagogical developments are provided by contemporary applications like mobile-assisted TBLT, VR-based exercises, AI-mediated feedback, and integrated settings. The paper ends with evidence-based suggestions for enhancing TBLT implementation in Iraq and the Arab world in general, with a strong focus on the necessity of professional development, curriculum change, and task design supported by technology.

This research examines the most prominent advantages of speculation and the harmful effects of usury in Islamic law. Among the benefits of speculation is the equitable distribution of profit and loss, as both parties share capital and effort, with profits shared based on a pre-agreed ratio. Speculation also contributes to encouraging investment by relying on the principle of participation and risk-sharing, which enhances trust and stimulates economic interaction. Furthermore, speculation creates job opportunities, enabling investors and companies to expand their activities. In addition to its compliance with Islamic law, it is a type of legitimate commercial partnership that encourages cooperation and combats monopoly. The harmful effects of usury include causing poverty and spreading injustice, as the rich exploit the poor and deepen economic gaps. Speculation also hinders economic development by reducing production and encouraging unproductive activities. It also creates economic dependency and exacerbates inflation due to increased debt and interest rates, as well as deepening economic disparities. Usury is also considered a clear violation of Islamic law, as it involves prohibited funds, which in turn leads to social and moral crises. Based on this information, the researcher was able to draw a set of conclusions and recommendations, most notably that speculation contributes to reducing risks for both the investor and the worker, given its reliance on profit and loss sharing. Conversely, dealing with usury leads to the exploitation of the poor and widens social disparities, as it relies solely on earnings without actual work or production.