journal of kufa studies center

The research aims to identify the possibility of using the Bollinger Bands (BB) Volatility Index as an indicator for technical analysis to predict stock returns in banking sector companies, the research sample in the Iraqi Financial Market, for a period of 12 years from 1/1/2011 to 31/12/2022 'relying on the financial statements of the annual reports in the market to obtain earnings' and using the SPSS 20 statistical program to obtain results according to the Excel table processor software.The results of the research reached the possibility of using the Bollinger Bands (BB) index in predicting the stock returns of the research sample companies in a different way, and the study recommended conducting more research and studies according to relying on more than one technical indicator and for wider periods of time, in order to identify the results achieved and with the aim of achieving future returns.

This research aims to identify public expenditures and the extent to which they contribute to influencing the phenomenon of unemployment, creating new job opportunities, and increasing public revenues, as well as addressing the types of public expenditures and their relationship with the nature of economic, social and political parties and the problems that the country is going through, as well as analyzing the role of public expenditures in some variables related to economic stability such as unemployment during the period 2004-2022 and the extent of the success of the fiscal policy and its support. In order to increase the rates of economic growth, the methods and ways in which the unemployment rate is reduced and the appropriate treatment for this phenomenon were studied .

The research is a serious attempt with an academic framework from which the researcher sought to clarify strategic leadership - as a fundamental variable in tourism organizations, as in this research, strategic leadership in tourism organizations was clarified through a conceptual theoretical basis in which the researcher relied on the latest scientific sources in this field, and we clarified in our current research the most important basic pillars of strategic leadership, as we talked about the concept in detail, then we moved on to the importance and goals, and then the characteristics .

This research dealt with the introduction of the Hull-White process using fractional Brownian motion, as the fractional Brownian motion is characterized by its better representation of data that represents a long-term time series, especially financial and economic data. The fractional Brownian motion process includes in its mathematical form the Hurst H parameter, which represents the long memory parameter, whose values determine whether it behaves in a short-term behavior. (Long-Term). The Hull-White model is an extension ofthe Vasicek and CIR models, the MLE method was used in estimating these models, thus obtaining the best model of these data based on the analysis of real data representing stock prices in the stock market in Iraq, where these data were converted into interest rates to suit the nature of the three models studied, and the studied data showed the accuracy of their representation of the average return process. In addition, the Hull-White model was shown to be the best model for representing this data using the AIC standard.

The importance of this research is due to the attempt to explain the aesthetics of stylistic expression that the novelist resorts to for the purpose of portraying the characters of the novel in effective ways when he presents them to the reader, in the way of news, i.e., through the knowledgeable narrator. Or in the way of showing by letting the character present himself.
The problem of the research lies in two questions: First, how did the Iraqi novel present the character of the father in this period of time? Second, what are the implications that can be derived from these methods?
The nature of the research required that it be divided into two topics, the first was devoted to the study of the news presentation of the fathers character, and the second was devoted to the study of the demonstrative presentation of the fathers character in the Iraqi novel.

There is no doubt that belief is the basis of religion and its pillar, as it is the one who sent the Messenger for it, because Allah created His servants to worship Him and to believe in Him, including belief in the names and attributes of Allah as mentioned in the Quran and the Sunnah of His Messenger, and the Companions did not differ in them, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) explained to them what was wrong with them, and some people came after them from the non-Arabs who denied the attributes and names of Allah and said that the Quran was created and the words of Allah were denied Allah Almighty and His Messenger.
This study aims at the efforts of Abdulaziz Al-Makki, one of the Shafii scholars, where he defended the Islamic faith by proving the attributes of God and His Names, denying the creation of the Quran, and invalidating the semi-Jahmiyyah, especially in his book Al-Haydah, as I studied the book of Al-Haydah that he wrote in the statement of his debate with Bishr Al-Muraisi on the issue of the creation of the Quran, and mentioned a brief about the life of Abdulaziz Al-Makki and proving the attribution of the book to him, and dealt with two doubts of Bishr al-Mursi, namely the shortening of the meaning of making (creation), and the interpretation of the thing in the words of God Almighty: Allah is the Creator of all things, as He introduced the Quran in this general regard like other creatures, and Abdulaziz al-Makkis answer to the two doubts is a detailed answer.

The soil of the study area is considered a sedimentary soil, as it is located within the scope of the sedimentary plain of Najaf Governorate, and it is a newly formed soil resulting from sediments transported by rivers, as well as wind sediments, and thus it is from the transferred soil and not from emerging soils, these factors along with other factors that contributed to the formation of this soil, as well as human activity and its impact on the formation of the soil, and these factors affect the difference in the chemical properties of the organic matter of the soil, as the shoulders of the rivers were the highest in Soil varieties, it was also found that the degree of soil reaction values are moderate acidity, simple basal and moderate-basal, and that the calcification values vary in the studied sites, and the lack of variation in the values of calcium sulfate (gypsum), and that the values of electrical conductivity have varied spatially, it was observed that the soil of the shoulders is low in salinity while the ponds are moderately saline and the soils of marshes and swamps are highly salinity.

Noise pollution is no less dangerous than other environmental pollutants (air, water , soil), and according to the World Health Organization, proper health means compatibility between the human body and the environment, as noise affects the human body and its various organs, all its organs and organs may not perform their functions adequately and in full harmony with this environment, and noise pollution has received the attention of many researchers . Because of its great effects on human health, especially in the field of limited closed and semi-closed environments, and this applies to some extent in the study area, as it is exposed to great pressures resulting from the multiplicity of noise sources in it in a spatially disparate manner, which led to the dissatisfaction of the population with this negative phenomenon, so the study aimed to alert the individual to the effects of noise pollution in most of the neighborhoods of the study area, especially those with a large population weight and what This results from various diseases, and the conclusion of the research showed a number of recommendations related to the process of reducing or mitigating this dangerous phenomenon .

The role of women in the field of employment has been severely limited due to sexual and cultural discrimination. However, recent decades have witnessed significant changes in this aspect, as women have become a large proportion of the workforce in various sectors.
Women are now an essential part of the labor market, and they hold high-level positions in companies and organizations. Women are an important and diverse workforce, possessing skills and abilities that add to teamwork and contribute to improving the overall performance of the company.
However, challenges remain for women in the workplace, such as the gender hierarchy gap, and the lack of equal opportunities for promotion and professional development. Governments and businesses must promote gender equality in the workplace through laws and policies that promote womens rights and protect them from discrimination.
In addition, women in the field of work should be supported by providing training and development programs that help them develop their skills and increase opportunities for promotion, as well as providing appropriate infrastructure that makes it easier for women to meet the challenges they face in the current work environment.

The research aims to provide a view based on the knowledge of the strategic leadership and its role in reducing the spread of the drug phenomenon, as this research was prepared for two main reasons: the first is the problem and its magnitude, which is the spread of the drug phenomenon clearly in Iraq, and the second is that the researcher is in direct contact due to the nature of his work as an officer in a higher security institution to provide security advice to the senior leaders in the country and in all fields. The research sample was taken from the officers in the Directorate of Counter Narcotics. (67) questionnaires distributed to the commanders (officers) of the Directorate of Narcotics Control in Najaf were analyzed with some security officers working and specialists in drug crime and others, and that all the questionnaires are valid for statistical analysis as the analysis was carried out by the statistical program (SmartPLS v.3.3.2, SPSS v.26), where the research questionnaire was designed with (32) paragraphs, divided into (20) paragraphs related to strategic leadership, and (12) paragraphs related to drugs. The research tested two main relationships to test the correlation and effect relationship between the two research variables. A number of conclusions have been reached, the most important of which are: Strategic leadership plays a crucial role in reducing the spread of the drug phenomenon in Iraq, and strategic leadership has a pivotal role in reducing the spread of the drug phenomenon in Iraq. In light of the findings, a set of recommendations was developed, the most important of which are: Strategic leaders can enhance collaboration between various government agencies, law enforcement agencies, health care providers, and community-based organizations. Coordinated efforts are essential to disrupt drug trafficking networks and provide comprehensive support to affected individuals and communities. The Government of Iraq should develop a national strategy for the prevention of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, leading to a proactive approach to addressing the issue of narcotics through strategic planning and policy implementation.

The research aims to know the fluctuations that occur on the exchange rate and their impact on the Iraqi economy, as well as the foreign transactions resulting from imports in foreign currencies, and to clarify their impact on the financial transfer, with the statement of the Central Banks policy towards exchange rates, and to clarify the impact of these prices on the import operations by determining the cost of the prices that entered the country, which is reflected in the case of decrease and rise on the products that were introduced at an exchange rate and sold at another exchange rate as a result of the fluctuations that occurred. The research problem was identified through the extent of the impact of exchange rates in terms of their decline and rise on the financial transfer carried out by traders and importers, and determining the volume of foreign currencies going out through imports and measuring the impact of these activities on the stock of foreign currencies, two main hypotheses were identified for the research, which is the relationship between the exchange rate and foreign remittances, and the second hypothesis is whether there is an effect of exchange rate changes on foreign remittances. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was shown through the research that the relationship between the exchange rate and financial transfer is an effective relationship between the two variables through the changes that the exchange rate causes in cases of rise and fall that affects the financial operations of importers in the case of carrying out import activities .

The topic Designing Factor Experiments is concerned with the study of the effect of factors and the interaction between the levels of the underlying phenomenon. The design of factorial experiments also aims to study the interaction of experimental units with the factors involved. The procedure of selecting variables in the study of factor experiment design is of interest to researchers working in the field of factor experiment design with a large number of levels. The study of the regression model in the subject of experiment design with a large number of factors and their interactions has produced an overfitted model, so removing factors that have no effect The response variable from factor experiments is very important to obtain a more accurate estimate model. This research focused on the organization methods for selecting variables to find the sparse solution for the parameters involved, such as methods (lasso, length, elastic lattice, andgroup lasso). A simulation study was conducted, and two simulation examples were conducted to examine the ability of the above variable selection methods in factorial experiments, and the results showed that the group lasso method followed by the flexible network is the best method in terms of variable selection because it gives the null solution with the smallest values of EER and MSE as measures of estimation quality.

Strategic leadership is an important topic in the field of management, and many researchers point to the need for more research on it, because in light of the rapid changes in our lives, this approach is superior to traditional methods of improving outstanding health performance in the modern era.
In this research, the descriptive-analytical method was used, by reviewing the book references.
The study dealt with the topic of strategic leadership and its impact on distinguished health performance, in order to adapt this approach to the nature of the research, relying on the sample of research respondents consisting of (150) affiliates in the Najaf Health Department / Department Center and its affiliated departments, (150) forms were distributed and the number of retrieved forms reached (142) forms, of which (138) were valid for statistical analysis, thus the retrieval rate is (92%).
The data were processed through the use of a set of statistical methods according to the statistical program package (SPSS. Ver. 28), which the researcher used to obtain the descriptive characteristics of the study paragraphs, their acceptability, and the amount of agreement on them, as well as to verify the hypotheses of the study .

Making the right decisions in financing, investing, and distributing dividends has a role in helping them to stay growing, so investment decisions must be productive and provide the effective financing (internal and external) required for investment in order to ensure their presence and continuity in the market, as positive growth helps companies to enhance their ability to compete in the market, so this study aims to measure the impact of financial determinants (company size, liquidity, leverage, profitability, and internal financing) on the growth of companies. Thus, the study provides a knowledge framework Appliqué illustrates the relationship between its variables. The study acquires its importance in its intellectual and philosophical dimension in light of its presentation of intellectual and cognitive contributions on financial determinants, as well as knowledge contributions on the growth of companies, and the study population represents the industrial companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange, and (13) industrial companies were selected as a sample for the study, and the study adopted a fourteen-year time series (2009-2022), and the multiple regression method and the F test were used to test the hypotheses of the study, while the Excel program and the 10-EViews program were adopted. in data analysis.

This study dealt with the subject of the Sharia Supervisory Board in the Islamic Banks of Iraq, and the study adopted in its theoretical framework the emergence of banks and how to form their Shari'a board and analyze the reality of the Sharia boards in them in terms of the theoretical aspect in accordance with the laws and decisions of the Central Bank of Iraq.
As for the applied aspect, the study sought to evaluate the Shari'a bodies by analyzing the laws, decisions and instructions related to this field in Iraqi laws.
The sample of the study was represented within the Kurdistan Investment and Finance Bank and the Cihan Bank for Islamic Investment and Finance, and included the Sharia Supervisory Boards evaluation on four indicators of the Commissions decisions, the index of the laws issued by it, and the index of the presence of the Sharia Board, and thus the study concluded a set of conclusions and recommendations that work towards raising the efficiency and role of the Shari'a boards in Islamic banks in Iraq.

This research dealt with (the nominal news sentence proven in the poetry of Dr. Saeed Al-Zubaidi - a grammatical and descriptive study_) and came in two topics, the first topic dealt with the theoretically proven nominal news sentence, and it was mentioned the definition of the nominal news sentence, and then it dealt with the definition of the beginner, and the definition of the news, and in the second topic dealt with the direct applied nominal news sentence, which stated the selection of poetic samples from the poetry of Dr. Saeed Al-Zubaidi, and it was as follows:
First: (The beginner is knowledge) in which the beginner and the news are knowledge, the beginner is knowledge and the news is a denial, the beginner is knowledge and the news is a reliable source, the beginner is knowledge and the news is a nominal sentence, the beginner is knowledge and the news is an actual sentence, and the beginner is knowledge and the news is a semi-sentence.
Second: (The Beginner is a Curse) in which the beginner is a denial and the news is a nominal sentence, the beginner is a denial and the news is an actual sentence, and the beginner is a denial and the news is a semi-sentence, and then the researcher mentioned the results he reached in the many poetic examples in the doctors poetry and the lack of their appearance in his poetry.

Heraclitus is one of the ancient Greek philosophers who were before Socrates, and he was distinguished by his principle that he was famous for, which is the principle of becoming, and we may find that this great philosopher was influenced by a group of philosophers throughout the ages and times, and among these philosophers was a philosopher who enriched philosophical thought with his theories, which is Karl Marx, as he said the principle of becoming, his analysis of general concepts and principles, and his identification of their hidden meanings and facts, and the comparison of each principle of Marx with the principle similar to that of Heraclitus. Marx defined the process as the struggle between the ruling bourgeois classes and the owners of the means of production on the one hand, and the working classes known as the proletariat, which sell their labour-power on the other, i.e., between the oppressed capitalists and the oppressed workers, and these classes remain in constant conflict.

The German philosopher Nietzsche's project (Nietzsche) is a re-evaluation of values, and the project of (historical materialism), with its dialectical or automatic interpretation of the development of the movement of history to the climax, is one of the most important and largest ideologies that adopted the idea of the savior, but they failed to determine the future of humanity. In comparison with the innate and divine tendency to determine the future of humanity through the state of universal justice, the awaited Imam Mahdi (peace be upon him), according to the divine plan.

The science of gnosis is the science that is specialized in walking, behavior, and reaching the Almighty Truth, that the science of gnosis is a practical and applied approach that clarifies how the moral man walks to reach God Almighty, and as man follows through this known positions and conditions, he folds them one by one, and that the practical gnosis, the cases and revelations that the knower sees are nothing but personal cases and experiences that cannot be generalized, and there remains a disparity in the circle, comprehensiveness, depth and methodology of the knower. According to another, which establishes a divine government that adopts justice and the establishment of Islamic values, we find that Sheikh Muhammad Taqi Bahgat was one of those who called for adherence to the religious teachings that urge the individual to establish the foundations of justice, equality, moral and mystical balance, and adherence to the Holy Quran and the approach of the Aal al-Bayt (peace be upon them).

Objective of the study: The study aimed to determine the role of critical success factors in their dimensions (support of senior management, communications, change management, learning and training, and the reputation of the organization) in achieving strategic performance in its dimensions (financial axis, customer axis, internal operations, learning and growth, sustainability axis).
Study Methodology: The researcher relied on the descriptive-analytical method, and all the data related to the study variables through the questionnaire form, and using the method of descriptive statistical analysis, and then reached the nature of the relationship between the variables and the testing of hypotheses.
Data and Study Sample: The study was conducted on a random sample of (60) individuals from the officials of the departments and divisions in (Al-Muthanna Municipalities Directorate) out of (72) officials who hold Ph.D., Masters, Bachelors, Higher Diploma, Diploma and Preparatory Degrees , and with the ages ranging from 20 to 40 years, if (60) questionnaires were distributed and all of them were called the statistical analysis device and the program (SPSSV. 23) was approved.
Results of the study: The results of the analysis indicate that there is a positive and strong correlation between the critical success factors and the strategic performance with their dimensions, and the results of the analysis of the impact relationship showed that all the dimensions of the critical success factors have a significant impact on the strategic performance. In other words, the dimensions of the critical success factors affect the strategic performance.