Tikrit Journal of Veterinary Sciences

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of watery extracts of Wormwood and Coriander powder on some productive performance of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) at the Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tikrit University, Iraq, between December 18, 2023, and January 17, 2024. One-day-old Japanese quail chicks (n=160, weighing 7 grams) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with a replication of 10 birds per group. The treatments included:
• T1 (Control Group): Plain drinking water.
• T2: 15 ml of Wormwood powder extract/liter of drinking water.
• T3: 15 ml of Coriander powder extract/liter of drinking water.
• T4: A combination of Wormwood powder extract + Coriander powder extracts of 7.5 ml of Wormwood + 7.5ml of Coriander powder extract/liter of drinking water.
Chickens were kept under typically management conditions and provided with nutritional balanced diet accorded to NRC 1994 guidelines. The parameters of productive evaluation in present study included body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and weight gain. The collected data were tested by used complete randomly design (CRD), and comparatives mean by Duncan multiple range tests in significant levels of P≤0.05.
The results indicated that treatments T3 and T4 led to increase growth, body weight, and feed consumption during 5 and 6 weeks, while no reported significant changes in FCR.
The extracts of Coriander and Wormwood, whether used together or separately, can act as natural growth enhance to improving growth performance in quail production. Present safer and more responsible alternatives to convention antibiotics.

In order to satisfy consumer demands for natural and sustainable products, the livestock industry must adapt to stricter laws governing the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). Phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) have drawn a lot of interest in this context as a substitute to enhance ruminant performance. Essential oils, polyphenols, saponins, tannins, and other plant-derived substances are all included in the large class of compounds known as PFAs. These substances include a wide variety of bioactive compounds that have intricate and multifaceted effects on the performance and health of ruminants. An overview of the state of knowledge regarding the application of PFAs in ruminant production is given in this review. It encapsulates their primary modes of action, which include host metabolism, digestive enzyme activity, and rumen microbiota modulation. The review specifically addresses PFAs\' ability to alter rumen fermentation in a way that enhances volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, lowers ammonia concentration, and—above all—decreases enteric methane production. Examined are the ensuing impacts on productive performance. Because of their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities, which can lessen stress and increase resistance to disease, PFAs may also contribute to the advancement of animal welfare. The study also discusses some of the drawbacks of using PFAs, including response variability based on the plant source, extraction technique, dosage, and diet. This emphasizes how production and use of PFAs require standardization and quality control. This review paper concludes by summarizing the body of research on PFAs\' use in ruminant production, including information on their mode of action, performance effects, possible health advantages, and environmental effects. Designing more sustainable and effective ruminant production systems that satisfy consumer demands and legal requirements is possible with the knowledge provided in this paper.