Meras journal

This research explores the historical development of political jurisprudence among the Imamis, as the study of the historical dimension reflects the practical implementation of the juristic vision in the political sphere. The positions of the jurists varied in their level of political involvement, shaped at times by prevailing political circumstances and at other times by their jurisprudential vision. Examination of their political participation reveals a wide range of approaches: some jurists limited their role to remote guidance, such as Sheikh al-Saduq and the First Martyr (may Allah elevate their ranks); others operated in close proximity to ruling authorities, taking on advisory roles, as with Allama al-Hilli (may his soul rest in peace) with Sultan Khudabanda, and Muhaqqiq al-Karaki during the Safavid period. At other times, jurists actively sought to reshape political systems, as in the constitutional movement theorized by Sheikh al-Naeini (may his soul rest in peace). Conversely, certain scholars opposed political movements they perceived as threats to Islam, such as the “autocrats” who resisted the constitutional movement after communists and secularists dominated the Iranian parliament.

The research revolves around the concept of Fitrah (innate nature) from ‎the Qur'anic perspective, beginning with the definition of the principle and ‎the concept of Fitrah itself. It sheds light on the main factors that corrupt ‎human Fitrah, leading to its deviation. The study also explores the reasons ‎behind the deviation of sound Fitrah and discusses possible methods for ‎its correction. Preserving human Fitrah has a significant impact on ‎safeguarding religion, especially in light of the widespread rise of atheism ‎and malicious propaganda against religion. In such a context, sound Fitrah ‎plays a vital role in maintaining and understanding religious belief. ‎However, when Fitrah is corrupted, it can lead to the loss of one’s faith. If ‎the Ummah (Muslim community) seeks to overcome this crisis, it must ‎return to its pure Fitrah and adhere firmly to its religion.‎

This paper examines the effectiveness of the civil litigation system in combating corruption that infiltrates judicial procedures or legitimizes fraudulent acts. It analyzes the adequacy of procedural principles such as confrontation, publicity, and judicial impartiality in detecting abuse. The study explores cases of fictitious litigation and misuse of procedural tools, highlighting the civil judge's role in addressing such manipulation. It concludes with recommendations to strengthen procedural safeguards and judicial interpretation, aiming to prevent litigation from becoming a legal cover for corruption and to enhance integrity within the civil justice system.

This research examines the phenomenon of domestic violence against women from an analytical Qur'anic perspective. Its aim is to deconstruct the causes of this phenomenon, discuss claims that the Qur'anic text establishes it, and clarify the Qur'anic approach to addressing it. The research is divided into two main sections. The first section presents a number of motives for violence, most notably: flawed behavioral upbringing patterns, the dominance of patriarchal values, weak cognitive and educational awareness, economic pressures related to poverty, and certain behavioral and psychological disorders. This section also discusses claims that the Holy Qur'an perpetuates violence, particularly through the interpretation of the verse on male guardianship (qiwamah). It concludes that these interpretations suffer from neglecting the context and legal controls, and that the Qur'anic text does not legitimize injustice but rather regulates the marital relationship within the framework of responsibility and function.

Personal status laws are among the most influential laws in the lives of individuals and society, as they regulate family matters such as marriage, divorce, alimony, custody, and inheritance. These laws form the foundation for the stability of the social structure. This research aims to analyze the implications resulting from the differences in family-related legal issues and to clarify the importance and necessity of unifying these laws within a unified national framework.The study adopts a descriptive, analytical, and comparative methodology by describing the current legal frameworks in place in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, analyzing the consequences of their differences and their impact on family-related cases, and comparing legal texts and judicial rulings issued by the Sharia courts in both regions.The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of clear discrepancies in the personal status laws and legislations between the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, leading to differences in individuals’ legal rights and obligations.

This research aims to study Qur’anic stories from the perspective of integration of method and purpose, and links the structural and narrative characteristics (method) with educational and faith-based goals (goal). The research is based on the hypothesis that Qur’anic stories, which occupy a third of the Qur’anic content, represent an essential divine means of guidance and direction, far from being merely a work of art, and this integration is achieved in light of the directives of Ahl al-Bayt.
Research Methodology: The research structure was divided into three main topics:
The first requirement (theoretical framework), the second requirement (the applied model), and the third requirement (lessons and results): Dealing with the lessons and lessons learned from the story of Dhul-Qarnayn, and linking them to the educational directives of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) in building an effective personality

The study showed that Rudi Barth – despite his academic rigor and broad knowledge – did not deviate in the essence of his vision from the general framework of traditional Orientalist thought, which seeks to explain the Islamic phenomenon from a historical-material perspective. He attempted to subject the Quranic text to the laws of cultural and social evolution, disregarding its divine nature and its guiding function. Furthermore, his approach often combined scientific analysis with subtle insinuation, presenting established facts and then subtly casting doubt on the Quran's source and revelation without providing sufficient scientific evidence. Research through tracing his book “Muhammad and the Qur’an” revealed a number of methodological distortions and intellectual fallacies, most notably his neglect of the reasons for revelation, his reliance on the apparent meaning of the text without referring to the authoritative interpretations, as well as his strong influence by Western critical approaches that see religion as a human phenomenon subject to historical interpretation.

Omar ibn Sahlan al-Sawi is considered one of the most brilliant philosophers, theologians, and logicians produced in the fifth and sixth centuries AH (eleventh and twelfth centuries CE), due to his significant contributions to Islamic thought in general, and to wisdom, theology, and logic in particular. He had a clear presence in the various fields of knowledge and sciences of his time, especially the philosophy, theology, logic, and others.
The topic we have chosen for research is: (Omar bin Sahlan Al-Sawi and his logical views: A study in the study of words), which is one of the sciences that is considered a normative and instrumental science for other sciences, as it contains multiple topics such as the definition of the science of logic, and the study of the study of words such as the common, universal and particular word, and the study of propositions, and so on.

This research addresses a critical issue: women's development and empowerment as an effective and influential tool for strengthening national identity in Iraq. This topic is particularly significant given the political, social, and economic changes Iraq has undergone, which have impacted its developmental framework in all aspects.
The study aims to shed light on the relationship between women's empowerment and the promotion of national identity, examining the impact of women's development on social cohesion and cultural values in society. It also proposes effective strategies for empowering women as key contributors to enhancing national and social identity. Furthermore, it presents recommendations to activate women's roles in promoting national identity and achieving comprehensive development.

This study aims to approach the concept of economic justice from a philosophical perspective by analyzing the vision presented by John Rawls in his theory of “justice as fairness,” It addresses the question of how to achieve a fair distribution of wealth and opportunities amid contemporary social and economic inequalities, focusing on the principles of liberty and difference that form the core of Rawls’s philosophical project, The significance of this research lies in highlighting the moral and human dimensions of economic policies by reconnecting philosophical values with social justice in modern economic practicem The study concludes that Rawls’s thought provides a flexible and evolving model for building a fairer economy that balances individual freedom with collective responsibility, thereby enhancing human dignity and reducing class disparities.

Language was and still is a tool of human communication through which the human self was able to create systems of cognitive and aesthetic communication in order to achieve a foothold within the intellectual and human map and thus achieve its continuity. And since Drama is a civilized language of communication that humans have worked to create to be an aesthetic and humane standard for human communication. Language has been one of the most important elements of dramatic construction throughout history. Aristotle had previously stated:His cognitive and aesthetic theories in writing (The Art of Poetry) where language was a pillar of the dramatic structure. The wave of the unreasonable and its views on man, his alienation and rebellion against himself and all the components of his surroundings and worlds. Metaphysics was the language that was one of the elements of rebellion and alienation that man lived within the circles of the unreasonable.

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of using the imaginative learning strategy in teaching the design unit to develop creative thinking and achievement motivation among fifth-grade middle school students. The study answered the following questions:
1. What is the effectiveness of teaching the reconstructed design, decoration, and ornamentation units (stimulating a sense of spatial depth, stimulating kinetic sensations, observing proportions, and balance) using the imaginative learning strategy in developing creative thinking among fifth-grade middle school students?
2. What is the effectiveness of teaching the reconstructed design, decoration, and ornamentation units (stimulating a sense of spatial depth, stimulating kinetic sensations, observing proportions, and balance) using the imaginative learning strategy in raising achievement motivation among fifth-grade middle school students?
The study group consisted of (81) fifth-grade middle school students at Al-Sajjad Secondary School for Boys/Al-Musayyab Education Department/General Directorate of Education in Babil Governorate. They were divided into two groups: one experimental group consisting of (41) students, and the other a control group consisting of (40) students. To achieve the research objectives, a set of tools was developed, including a creative thinking test, a measure of achievement motivation, a guide for art education teachers in the design, decoration, and ornamentation units, prepared according to the imaginative learning strategy, and a student activity booklet (sketchbook) for the units. The research results demonstrated the effectiveness of using the imaginative learning strategy in design in developing creative thinking and achievement motivation among fifth-grade middle school students. The imaginative learning strategy also had a significant impact on developing creative thinking and achievement motivation, with the effect size exceeding 0.8.