Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences

The present experiment was carried out in a private orcharal, Al-Hartha north of
Basrah during the growing season of 2015. Ten year old jujube trees cv. Tufahi were
used. The tree were sprayed with the nutrient solution Marvel at (0, 4 and 8)ml.l-1
and
Salicylic acid at (0, 50, 100 and 150)mg.l-1
and their interaction. The trees were sprayed twice with an interval of one month the effect of these treatments on flowering
and chemical characteristic studied.
The results showed that treatment with the nutrient solution (marvel) caused a significant increase in all flowering characteristic (length of flowering stalk, number
flower cluster) and chemical characteristic including N, P, K and Fe leaf content. The
results also showed that’s spraying with SA giving 150 mg.l-1
caused a significant increase in flower and chemical characters as for the interaction effect on trees sprayed
with 8 ml.l-1 Marvel + 150 mg.L SA recorded the highest studied characteristics

This experiment was carried out at the which poultry farm of Babylon to study
the effect of adding humic acid to the drinking water on performance of Ross 308
broiler chicks . The experimented the period from 20/1/2017 to 5/3/2017of birds age
, A total of 135 one day old chicks were used in this experimented , chicks were allocated randomly in to 3 treatments, 45 chicks for each treatment , each
treatment was included 3 equal replicates, 15 chicks for each one.
The treatments , were: -
Treatment (T1) basal diet + fresh water without addition (Control group).
Treatment (T2) basal diet + fresh water supplemented with Humic acids in (3.6 g.L-1
water .
Treatment (T3) basal diet + fresh water supplemented with Humic acids ( 7.8 g. L
-1
water .
The results of this experiment indicated that supplemented of Humic acids in the
fresh water during the period (1-6) week of the experiment , had a significant effect
) P≤0.05) on body weights rate of chicks and accumulative feed consumption , accumulative weights gain of the birds and significant effect) P≤0.05) of feed conversion
rate as compared with the control treatment. Addition of humic acid has an significant effect of the birds ) P≤0.05) on the carcass traits of birds (The relative weight of
the various carcass cuts and Internal organs ) in comparison to the birds of control
treatment.

The study was conducted in Horticulture and Forest Unit at Al-Najaf Agriculture directorate during 2016-2017 growing season, to study the effect of adding some Bio
and Organic fertilizer on yield and some quality parameters of strawberry (Fragaria x
ananassa Duch) cultivated in plastic house.
The first factor included two varieties of strawberry: Albion and Burtela while the
second factor was adding seven treatments of organic and bio-fertilizer including:
without adding fertilizer (control), adding Azotobecter chroococcum (10g.plant-1
), adding of Bacillus subitls (10 ml. plant-1
), spraying of organic fertilizer Appetizer (1 ml.
plant -1
), adding of A.chroococcum + B. subitls, adding A.chroococcum + spraying of
Appetizer, adding B. subitls + spraying of Appetizer and adding of A.chroococcum +
B. subitls with spraying of Appetizer. Factorial experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design ( R. C. B. D) with three replicates were used.The Duncans multiples range test at 0.05 probabilities was adopted to compare the treatments means.
The Bortila variety was significantly increased the fruits number to 27.08 fruit.
Plant -1
, weight fruit rated to 25.05gm.fruit-1
and yield to 675.50 gm. Plant-1
.The type
of fertilizer showed a significant increase with adding A.chroococcum + B. subitls +
Appetizer sprayed fruit number to 30.00 fruit.plant-1
, and fruit weight rated
27.97gm.fruit-1
The Albion variety markedly increased total sugar to 10.54 mg.100gm
fresh weight-1
, while the Burtela variety showed significantly increase total acidity to
4.29mg.100g fresh weight-1
and ascorbic acid to 33.73 mg.100gm fresh weight-1
.
The fertilizer of A.chroococcum + B. subitls + Appetizer sprayed significantly increased total sugar to 12.11 mg.100gm fresh weight-1
, while nitrate content reduces to
14.13mg.100gm dry weight-1
. The treatment of A.chroococcum + Appetizer sprayed
significantly increased Ascorbic acid to 55.47 mg.100gm fresh weight-1
. The control
treatment showed significant increase in total acidity 5.35 gm.100gm fresh weight-1
and nitrate content to 19.45 mg.100gm dry weights-1
.

This work done in farm kosh Taba closed Erbil city from 20/4/2016till 25/5/2016.
Aimed this experiment to seeking effect of supplemented Individual and combining
powders of Nigella sativa and Thymus vulgaris leaves. A total number of 200 one
day old straight run broiler (Ross-308 hybrid) chicks were divided to four dietary
treatments each of treatment with 5 replicate, each of replicate has 10 chicks, the control group (C) without any supplement sources treatment one (T1) supplement 0.50 %
of powder Nigella sativa seeds, treatment two (T2) supplement 0.50 % of Thymus
vulgaris, treatment three (T3) supplement mixing of 0.25% powder Nigella sativa
seeds and 0.25% of Thymus vulgaris both. This study focused on effect supplement
two type of herbs on determination of chemical composition for main carcasses parts
muscle (breast and thigh). Results observed significant (P≤0.01) among all treatment. High value for moisture, protein, fat and total cholesterol was in T3, T2, C and
C respectively, while insignificant (P≥0.01) among all treatments for Ash. For thigh
with same parameters results observed significant (P≤0.01) with all treatment high
value for moisture, protein, fat and total cholesterol was in [T1, T2, C and C, T3 respectively, while insignificant (P≥0.01) among all treatments for Ash

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of some biological agents and
chemical fungicides to reduce disease percentage and disease severity of Fusarium
wilt disease in cucumber, which caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum
under plastic house conditions, and detection of the effectiveness of factors induction
through the investigation for activity peroxidase enzyme , the amount of phenols as
well as the amount of total chlorophyll in cucumber plants leaves . Results showed
superiority treatments of biological agents Trichoderma viride , Trichoderma harzianum , bio-preparation Biohealth and preparation of bacterial Fluramel (alone or in
mixture). Treatments reduced disease percentage and disease severity to 0 and 0 %
respectively, compared to control treatment (pathogen) was 86.67 and 68% respectively. Results showed that after 7and 14 days of the addition pathogenic fungus to
cucumber plants , was superior treatment of interaction between Biohealth with
chemical fungicide (Uniform) in the presence of pathogen in the increase activity of
peroxidase enzyme where amounted to average absorption 7.17 and 5.89 min/gfw respectively . Also the same treatment superior in recording highest phenols in leaves
cucumber plants after 7and 14 days of the addition treatment pathogenic fungus to
cucumber plants to 7.77 and 7.38 mg/gfw respectively, while where amounted to
treatment of pathogen 2.63 and 2.48 mg/gfw respectively , and superior treatment of
Biohealth on the other treatments in increase total chlorophyll after 7and 14 days of
treatment with pathogenic fungus to cucumber plants to 38.3 and 36.5 Spad respectively, while in treatment of pathogenic fungus recorded 27.7 and 24.4 Spad respectively

This study aimed to analyzing some pesticide residues using Aspergillus species
,five types of chemicah pesticides are used ;fungicides (Ridomil Gold, Esther Aster
and Nomolt ,(Insecticides) Chevalier and Palace Paalas ) Herbicides which are used
in the controlling some pests of wheat where the effect of pesticides on the solid andliquid agricultural mediums was measured (PDA and PDB) the results showed that
the herbicide Chevalier has significant differences on the fungus ( A.parasiticus,
A.flavus.) ,where the percentage of inhibition (100.00)%, respectively while solid
medium ,The rates of inhibition of growth of fungal mass were in the broth medium
(17.69 ,97.97) respectively ,However the herbicide Paalsa has significant impact on
the fungi (A.terres.) ,Where the percentage of inhibition (98.60) % in the solid medium , the percentage of inhibition of the fungal mass growth was reached ( 7.50)% .

bstract:
The experiment aimed to study the effect of adding Salicylic acid in salinity stress
on callus of grape Vitis vinifera L. Halawini.
It was achieved in the laboratories of plant tissue culture belong to Horticulture and
leaned scabe faculty of agriculture, University of kufa. during a period from October
2017 to December 2017. 250 mg of grape callus Halawini cultured under the effect of
salicity stress in culture medium MS with sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 75 and 150
mM) respectively with the adding salicylic acid(SA) on contractions (0, 0.5 and 1
mM). The culturing period was 8 weeks. The results revealed a significant effect for
salicylic acid adding in lowering oxidative stress enzymes namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Ascorbate peroxidas (APX) and peroxidase (POD).

Chrysomya megacephala secondary myiasis fly is one of insects that has medical
and veterinary importance in the world which caused secondary myiasis to stinking
decomposing animal wounds , in order to study the efficiency of pheromone traps
with virgin females to attract it,
s male,it is important to determine the factors affecting the efficacy of pheromone traps when they are used to monitor and control C.
megacephala fly. This study was conducted at Frehaa region, 4 km North-east of
Karbala city . The results showed the best number of virgin females were (5)which
gave 0.76 insect/trap/day Compared with 0.42 and 0.33 insect/trap/day at traps which
provided 1.0 and 10.0 virgin female Respectively. The best hight to hang trap was
1.5 m with 1.27 insect/trap/day Compared with 0.55 and 0.61 insect/trap/ day the
traps which at hight 0.5 and 1.0 m respectively while the best distance between pheromone traps was 50 m to prevent the interaction between traps which gave 0.77 insect/trap/day compared with 0.38 , 0.27 insect/trap/day in distances 100 , 150 respectively .the result showed that the activating attracting period were 4 days, must be
replaced with anther virgin females with 2 days old to complete it,
s sexual maturity in order to be able to attract it,
s males

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of T. atroviride., Chaetomium
spp, bread yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and salicylic acid on F.solani, isolated
from the roots of yellow maize plants. Atrophiride T. atroviride and Chaetomium achieved high efficiency in inhibiting F.solani growth on the PDA medium. Yeast
was also added to the PDA medium at the concentration 1 g. L
-1
inhibition of 68.55%.
The factors used in the study all achieved a high degree of reduction in the percentage
of the total root injury. Salicylic acid was added with a concentration of 100 mg. kg-1
soil in the first place with a root percentage of 8.33% Yeast then the coefficient Acid
Alsalcelik concentration of 50 mg.kg-1
soil and then treated biological fungi Chaetomium spp and T.atroviride The yeast treatment was characterized by the presence of
fungus L. F.solani and the lengths were (9.25 and 8 Cm) followed by Salsalic acid
treatments and then the two biological fungi Chaetomium spp and T. atroviride compared to the length of plants with the presence of fungus F.solani alone in which the
lengths were (4 and 3 cm)

This study was conducted in Karbala governoate during 2014, for isolation and
identification of some fungi from surface and digestive of Periplaneta americana
L.(Orthoptera: Blattidae). The insect samples were collected from women's and obstetricians hospital and residential areas near of the hospital. The study showed tion and identification several fungi that were Aspergillus niger, A.fumigatus ,
Trichoderma harzianum , Penicillium sp. , Alternaria sp. , Mucor sp. and Fusarium sp
from surface and digestive of P. americana. The Aspergillus niger was the highest
percentage frequency about 26.32%, compared with other fungi while the lowest percentage frequency was recorded for Mucor sp. with 1.75%. The pathogenicity test indicated to the potential effect of Trichoderma harzianum against adult of P. Americana. The T. harzianum suspensions were applied on the adult either by direct spraying or as bait. The bait method reached mortality 80% of the insect with fungal concentration 17x 107
after 10 day compared with direct spraying that was reached 40%
mortality with same fungi in concentration above after same period

Field experiment was conducted in Najaf governorate during of 2016 in two season spring and autumn. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of hornwort extractions and magnetically treated water on growth and yield parameters in
cucumber plant beta alfa variety . The experiment included nine treatments, i.e. the
interactions of three concentrations of hornwort extractions (first factor) (0, 10 and
20ml.L-1
) sprayed on vegetative and magnetically treated water (second factor) (0,
1000 and 2000 gauss). Sprays were applied third, first sprayed through four true
leaves stages, second flowering initiation, third after two weeks from second sprayed.
Split-Plot Design with in Randomized Complete Block Design (R. C. B. D.) was
used with three replications. magnetically treated water treatments was distributed in
main plots and hornwort extractions treatments in sub plot , Means were compared
according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test (D.M.R.T.) at probability of 0.05.
Results can be summarized as follows:.
1- Using of concentrations of hornwort extractions had a significant effect on measured vegetative growth parameters (plant length, leaves number). There was no significant effect between 10 and 20ml.L-1
in plant length parameter. There was no significant effect between1000 and 2000 gauss in plant length for two season and leaves number in spring cultivation. interaction between factors gave the same trends on
vegetative growth parameters.
2- Using of concentrations of hornwort extractions had a significant effect on fruit
growth parameters 20ml.L-1
treatment gave the highest means for the fruit length and
total yield (53.08 and 39.55ton.h-1
) compared with control gave the lowest means for
the measured parameters for both season. There was no significant effect between 10
and 20ml.L
-1
in fruit length parameter in spring cultivation,2000 gauss treatment gave
the highest means in total yield(48.51 ton.h-1
) in spring cultivation while1000 gauss
treatment gave the highest means in total yield(35.70 ton.h-1
) in autumn cultivation,
1000 and 2000 gauss don’t gave a significant effect in total yield for both season.1000 and 2000 gauss don’t gave a significant effect in fruit length for both season.
3-Spraying of hornwort extraction as conc. 20ml.L-1
had a significant effect on
measured chemical parameters such, total chlorophyll for both season, respectively,
while proline in leaves which gave the least values with the use of hornwort extraction.
Irrigation with 2000 gauss treatment gave the highest means for the, total chlorophyll for both season, while proline in leaves which gave the least values with the
use of magnetically treated water. There was no significant effect between 1000 and
2000 gauss in total chlorophyll content for both season and proline in leaves in the
Spring cultivation

An experiment was conducted in a plastic house in Horticulture and Forestry Department belongs Al-Najaf Agricultural Directorate during the growing seasons of
2015-2016. The aim was to study the effect of the spray amino acids and irrigation
depth on growth and yield of egg plant (Solanum melongena L.). The experiment had
comprised twelve treatments; three concentrations (0 and 2 and 4) ml.L-1
of amino acids and four depth of water applications surface drip irrigation D0 and sub-surface at
depth of 4 and 8 and 12 cm namely D4 and D8 and D12, respectively. Variations between the means were tested according to Duncan's Multiple Range (D.M.R.)
at probability of 0.05.
Results showed that spraying with amino acids or add irrigation water with different depths improved vegetative growth (plant height and leaf area and dry root weight
and total vegetative dry weight), and total yield. Interaction amino acid spraying with
4 ml.L-1 with treatment of depth 4 cm gave the highest values compared with the interaction treatment of control with treatment of depth 12 cm which gave the lowest
values

An experiment was carried out in one of the farms of Horticulture Department –
College of Agriculture – Kerbala University during 2014 – 2015 growing seasons
aimed to study the effect of Reef Amirich spraying(S1) and without spraying(S2) in
growth and yield of two cultivars of cabbage Copenhagen market(V1) and Ruby
queen(V2). Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates were
used.
The results showed that spraying of Copenhagen market (V1S2) gave a significant
increases in plant height(13.42 cm) and total leaf area(105.28 dcm
2
.plant-1
) compared
with most other treatments, while highest values in chlorophyll content of leaves recorded in V2S2 treatment(79.13 SPAD), whereas V1S2 treatment gave a
significant increases in yield of heads(2.060 kg. plant-1
), while V2S1 treatment gave
a lowest value(1.330 kg. plant-1
)

This experiment aimed to evaluate the replacement of some materials locally available used in the manufacture of feed mixtures instead of pre-prepared imported and
used in the production of hens meat, this study was carried out at the Poultry Research Station –department of Karbala agriculture - Karbala Governorate at the period from 15/11/2016 to 27/12/2016 to study the effect change different levels from
Energy and Protein and type feed Pellet and Mash in broiler performance, in the experiment, 1200 hens meat was used (ross variety) one day age and weight
42gm.chick-1
, Purchased from one of the commercial hatcheries in the province of
Karbala, chicks were randomly distributed to four treatments (300 chicks for treatment) with three replicates (100 chicks for replicate) experiment started since first
day of age to 6 weeks age, CRD design used to data analysis, the treatments was divided as follows: T1 (control) : broiler feeding by the feed Mash. T2 broiler feeding
by the feed Pellet with energy and protein agreeing with Gide Breeding. T3 : T2
broiler feeding by the feed Pellet with level energy and protein like T1 (control) but it
is apellet.T4 : T2 broiler feeding by the feed Pellet with low energy of T2 about 50
Kcal and protein like same T2 . The productivity characters were studied included
body weight, the increase in weight, feed consumption, feed conversion coefficient of
hens, mortality rate, dress percentage, percentage of internal organs weight and percentages of the main and secondary parts of the carcass. The results showed the following: There were significant differences at (P ≤0.01) in rates of live body weight,
weight increase, feed consumption increased, percentage of mortality rate, relative
weight of the back, The lowest cost of feed was when feeding by T2 treatment.

The study was conducted at AL-Fayhaa station in Jabila province (50 km North of
Babil) and laboratories of the Department of Animal production techniques for the
period from February to June to show the relationship between some metabolic and
hormonal compounds in the blood with production and reproductive performance in
local awassi ewes. Data were collected from 50 milking ewes 2-5 years old from 220
records of daily milk production for fertility percentage and prolificacy rate. The results showed that the regression coefficient of daily milk production on total protein
(dl) and their coefficient reach to 0.0057 kg.mg
-1
and prolactin hormone (ml) were
positive and highly significant (P<0.01) and their coefficient reach to 0.019 kg.ng-1
and on glucose concentration (dl) were negative and highly significant (P<0.01) and
their coefficient reach to - 0.028 kg.mg-1
and on total cholesterol concentration (dl)
were negative and significant (P<0.05) and their coefficient reach to - 0.0053 kg.mg-1
.
The regression coefficient of fertility percentage on follicle stimulation hormone was
observed positive and highly significant (P<0.01) and on triglycerides concentration
were positive and significant (P<0.05). the result also showed that the regression coefficient of prolificacy rate on glucose and total protein concentrations were negative
and highly significant (P<0.01). the correlation coefficient between metabolic and
hormone compounds in the blood with production and reproductive performance for
ewes were supported to the regression coefficient of same traits .we conclude from
this study the possibility of using metabolic and hormonal compounds in rapid selection programs to improve head of ewes .

A field experiment was conducted in Dhi-Qar Governorate during winter season
2015-2016 to study genetic and phenotypic variation and genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations, broad sense heritability and path coefficient for nine traits:
plant height (PH), flag leaf area (FLA), tiller number (TN), spike number (SN), spike
length (SL), grain number in spike (GN/S), 1000 grain weight (GW), biological
weight (BW), grain yield (GY) in three wheat varieties: Aab’a99, Barcelona and Boro. The results showed that the values of phenotypic variance coefficient were close
to those of genotypic variance coefficient for most traits: PH, TN, SN, GW, FLA,
BW and GY. Thus the genotype can be studied through phenotypic data, and such
traits can be considered as selection criteria in wheat breeding. The highest ratios of
broad sense heritability were for PH, TN, FLA, BW and GY (0.83, 0.8, o.87, 0.86,
0.82 and0.95) respectively. Phenotypic correlation coefficients of all studied traits
were positive and significant and generally were lower than genetic correlation coefficients. This indicates that variations among varieties were largely of genetic origin
despite the existence of low environmental effect. Genetic correlations of GY in SN
and GN/S traits were positive and the highest (0.941, 0.902) respectively. The highest
direct effects on grain yield were of SN and FLA (1.283, 0.993) respectively. Therefore, Path coefficient analysis reveals that the direct selection of these two traits will
be helpful in breeding programs for improving grain yield in wheat crop

The trend is Consider one of the terms that the researchers depend upon it in their
studies specially in the field of psychology, because it has a clear effect on changing
activity and of individual to that activity. As the activity of agricultural field is Considered from vital tributaries which the government has to pay attention to them, especially as many countries of the world are flourishing and growing in this filed,
they need to do a lot of work to Support this vital sector, through supporting the academic institutions to train the future skills, to maintains this activity to go with development and environmental changes, within this sector. In addition to that, the government should work to find business organization that provide facilities and support
to this sector such as agriculture directorate specialized agricultural bank to provide
its requirements.
It is worth mention if those organizations want to remain a competitive work environment and grow in a dynamic and so histicuted environment and a complex communication network, the must meet the needs of their customers and obtain their satisfaction either it is a service or a commodity provided to them to occupy these organization their perceived status.
So, the importance of this study has emerged through the effect of the components
of trend of agricultural graduates disciplines to show the perceived states of business
organizations in particular at level of country in general by identifying those components as well as identifying the dimensions of perceived status in line with trends of
individuals.
The study concludes that the knowledge ranked first by trend Component influences on the highlight of perceived states of studied organization by its behavioral
dimension which linked first among its dimensions from the point of view of the
sample