Magazine of historical studies and archaeology

The study investigates the role of rehabilitation and development in the preservation of heritage and architecture landmarks. The “Istrabadi Market” is considered one of the most prominent of those heritage landmarks in the urban fabric of the old city of Al-Kadhimiya after the holy Kazimi shrine that is a representative of the city. In addition to the large number of heritage monuments including markets, baths, inns, and residential retail.
The main focus of the study included the structural deterioration, loss of many of the planning and design features of the traditional markets in the holy cities, lack of attention and consideration from the authorities, and the absence of rehabilitation and development research programs for these markets. Accordingly, the objective of this research was determined to recover the architectural and heritage figure, through the rehabilitation of the architectural status, and by following the best construction guidelines and methods.
Thus, based on the research hypothesis of adopting the trend towards preservation methods, and multiple rehabilitation to preserve the architectural heritage, which represents the area of community pride, the study adapted and depended on the inductive and practical approach, different statistical methods, personal interviews and field visits and surveys carried out by the researcher.
The research concluded the need to focus attention on this monument, to emphasis the rehabilitation and development of the market in order to preserve and conserve the conservative, heritage and spiritual remains that are derived from neighboring the holy al-Kazimi shrine.
In order for the rehabilitation and development of the market operations to be the fullest and result in the desired objective, initially, there is a need to find the essential funding for providing of materials required for the work in these projects, and secondly, the participation of capable expertise, engineering, planning and technical teams in order to restore the architectural and heritage character of the market.

The British commercial activities in Halab during the nineteenth century

This study is going around to study the following axises
First : the beginning of the British commercial activities in Syria
Second: the front faces of the British commercial activities in Halab.
Third: The British commercial activities and the social life in Halab
This study showed clearly the roots of the British commercial activities and its apparent in Syria and it settle in Halab. As well the study showed the picture of the social life of the British merchants in Halab, where this picture showed that those merchants were as mach as like employees, whom their state made them carry many functions, which they had to do in honorable and on the best way. And it seemed that those merchants in their accurate organizing represented the hierarchical sequence, and the seeds of the western colonism in Halab and Syria.
So the British commerce overwhelmed Syria in its private objects which were imittial for most of the Syrian objects, after the quotation of some of its ways of means, and it practiced by this the economical colonisim, similar to the standing modern colonisim, which is basing on abusing peoples.

Iraq is a new country age wise that do not exceed a year when the compact relations started while Britain is a great Empire in diplomatically tactics that runs a deep cloned strategies .
The research debate the attitudes of British Envoys of Iraqi – British Compacts 1932-1930 . Envoys stood against many articles of compacts especially the ones in the Favor of Iraq s interest and its people like independence state business administration Finance since Iraq undergone severe financial difficulties as a result of drawing the assets of Iraq preserve by the Britain's and trans Formed / transitioned to British Government .
Political parties and patriotic forces stood against the policies of British control I in changing the defect ruling of Iraq in order to establish an Iraqi people (King faisal I) played a major role facing Britain sometimes in twisted ways and sometimes in direct ways with a Maun aim which is Iraq's interest and as a member in Nations League .
Special Envoys succeeded to Iraq played the most effective role in running Iraq's business in Foreign Affair R Military wise also envoy played major role in adding or deleting any text or article that does not meet British interests in Iraq despite that these agreements was apparendixes was nothing but a striking similar image for deputation these agreements negotiated upon and signed did net achieve Iraq any good thus the successive governments continued seeking signing compacts that achieve interest For both Iraq its people with severity.

The Iraqi people supported the Egyptian government when secured to the Suez Canal in August 2, 1956. As I want and called for the support of Egypt after the tripartite aggression in the October 29, 1956.This was the exact opposite of the Iraqi government, which did not show any enthusiasm about supporting the aggression against Egypt position. So the Iraqi people rose up strong uprising against his government asking for the support of Egypt and deter aggression, the Iraqi government of Prime Minister Nuri Said responded to the demonstrations by force and used violence and cruelty against it. The Iraqi government declared martial law and formed military councils customary because of these events to try all of the government opposed its position prey to its security, and thus offered a civilian trial in question in that military councils, especially the national movement in Iraq's leaders at the time.
Find ensure that the impact of the 1956 Egyptian political developments on the internal situation in Iraq and then listen to the public prosecutor and taking testimony and questioning of the accused and the extent of their relationship with the communist organizations also addressed the defense of the accused and pleadings that have taken place and finally the decision. Iraqi military documents are the main source of our research.