Arab Scientific Heritage Journal

Albayroni considers as one of the specialist scientific who has prominance role

the humanity suffering that Adalusia lived

this research deals with Urban and Demographic Planning of the City of Baghdad during the Governorship of Mehmed Rashid Pasha (1852–1857)
A series of historical events and incidents with urban and demographic dimensions that occurred in the history of the city of Baghdad during the fifth decade of the nineteenth century, under Ottoman control of Iraq, which lasted for nearly four centuries.

The heritage of nations—especially their scientific heritage—constitutes a fundamental component of their civilization. Therefore, across differences in race and language, nations have paid great attention to this aspect in building their civilizations. The rich Arab scientific heritage, abundant with achievements, is no exception to this general rule; it is an integral part of the Arab-Islamic civilizational fabric. A researcher exploring Arab-Islamic medicine cannot help but admire the ingenuity of Arab and Muslim physicians, as well as their innovation in developing new methods and approaches to treatment.

The study sheds light on the historical stages of weather forecasting in Iraq. It concludes that the science of weather forecasting in Iraq has undergone several successive—and at times overlapping—historical phases. Each phase was characterized by specific methods of prediction that differed from those of others. The earliest of these phases relied on astronomy to forecast conditions such as cold and heat, floods, and drought.

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Islam is a divine way of life that encourages and seeks the happiness of humankind. As God Almighty says:
“And We have not sent you except to all of humanity as a bringer of good tidings and a warner, but most people do not know.” (Surah Saba’, 34:28)
Islam views the concept of education through the positive behavior acquired by individuals through both formal and informal education. The Islamic educational approach is based on a clear and well-organized framework that takes the form of an integrated system encompassing multiple fields. This system enables education to perform its effective role in the required manner.

In Al-Andalus, Muslims showed a growing interest in building their civilization, including a strong focus on translating Arabic books and works into Latin and Castilian. Al-Andalus also became one of the most important scientific centers for transmitting Islamic heritage to Europe. Consequently, the rulers of Al-Andalus directed efforts toward the translation of Arab sciences under the supervision of specialized scholars who were proficient in languages.

Al-Yazuri descended from Yazur, one of the villages of Ramla in Palestine, and belonged to a religious family. Abu Muhammad Al-Yazuri arrived in Egypt in the year (439 AH / 1036 CE), with the aim of being reinstated to his former position as judge of Ramla. However, one of the senior statesmen introduced Abu Muhammad Al-Yazuri to the mother of the Caliph, enabling him to assume the administration of her bureau. This appointment was granted to him, and his status rose significantly as he became the head of the Caliph’s mother’s bureau.

There are various motives and factors behind the emergence or development of cities, and these factors are generally related to political, economic, or intellectual aspects. Among the most important motives that led to the formation of states are economic factors, which primarily come before other motivations. This is because political conflict between two opposing parties does not occur unless there are material and economic interests that drive those parties toward confrontation.

The civilization of Mesopotamia had a clear influence on the civilizations of the ancient world, particularly in the field of religion, which served as a driving force behind these human civilizations and as a guide for them. It was also a key factor in achieving important political, artistic, literary, intellectual, and architectural accomplishments, among others.
Religion here refers to the belief in the existence of one or more supreme, supernatural powers that possess awareness, will, and the ability to manage and govern matters related to human life. Such belief evokes feelings of awe, fear, submission, and reverence toward these higher powers. Religion aims to create cohesion and integration through a set of behaviors and spiritual teachings that provide the individual with a satisfactory and convincing explanation of myths related to life, death, and other existential matters.
It is difficult to understand the ancient Iraqi civilization without first studying its beliefs and religions.

The seventh century AH / thirteenth century CE is considered one of the worst periods that shook the history of our nation. This was manifested in the Crusader invasion, which was at its peak, followed by the brutal Mongol invasion that descended upon the Islamic world like locusts. In addition to this, the internal conditions were marked by conflicts and rivalries between kings and sultans.
Despite all of this, a group of eminent scholars managed to document history and record its events so that it would remain preserved for future generations, thereby safeguarding the rich heritage of the nation.

Since God created humankind and settled him on His earth, he has been keen on preserving offspring, reproduction, and procreation for the purpose of cultivating the earth, for which God has appointed him as His vicegerent. For this reason, we see that great attention has been given to the treatment of diseases affecting the reproductive system—both male and female alike—by adopting various available methods suitable to each era and time.

Human beings have excelled in the use of medicinal herbs across different regions of the world, employing them in the best possible way in the pursuit of healing and achieving optimal therapeutic results. These practices were even passed down from one generation to another. They did not stop there; rather, they also followed dietary regimens and healthy nutrition systems (in modern terminology), which play a major role in treating many diseases before resorting to medication. In addition, they practiced various forms of physical exercise appropriate to each condition and illness.

The present research focuses on investigating the concept of synthesis in ceramics between heritage and contemporary practice. It examines the nature of synthesis as a concept that achieves artistic and aesthetic innovation. The study is structured into four sections.

The first section includes the general framework of the research, which addresses the problem represented by the following question: Does the concept of synthesis play a role in enriching contemporary ceramic production? The significance and necessity of the research lie in its contribution as a study that adds knowledge to the field of contemporary arts, particularly regarding the concept of synthesis and its impact on contemporary ceramic works.

The statements of Andalusian scholars in agriculture were based on experimentation and theory. This greatly contributed to the success and development of agriculture in al-Andalus. The classification of soils, as well as the understanding of their types, forms, and textures, also helped significantly in identifying land suitable for agriculture from land that is not suitable for cultivation. Each specific agricultural crop requires a particular type of soil in which it can thrive and cannot grow in other types of soil.

This study seeks to shed light on one of the commentaries on the didactic poem Al-Durar al-Lawami‘ fi Maqra’ al-Imam Nafi‘ by Ibn Berri, a well-known text that students of knowledge continue to study and engage with through memorization and comprehension up to the present day. This commentary is considered one of the simplest and most suitable in terms of its pedagogical spirit, particularly for beginners in Islamic legal studies and, more generally, in the Arabic language sciences.
In this research, we attempt to extract the distinctive features of this commentary, which it may share with other commentaries as well, and then we present a critically edited text as an example to support the conclusions we have reached.