Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

من المُسَلَم به أن هذه الدراسة, لا نستطيع الأخذ بجميع المواضيع المشتركة لسعتها ,بحالات تقدم العقل المشرع الحديث في الفقه واصوله مقارنة بكثرة مجمعات الإفتاء الفقهي في الدول الاسلامية هذا من جانب ومن جانب أخر توجد تجارب فردية مفرده لمن قبلهم من ذوي الاختصاص لاستطاعتهم الاجتهاد والفتوى بشكل محدود بقيت محاولاتهم ومشاركاتهم قليله نوعاً ما ، لعدم حصولهم على المؤهل للفتوى الذي نستطيع الاعتماد عليه بشكل جاد , وكذلك عقبات الامور وتحدياتها التي تجعل من الدراسة معرضة للنقص الاجتهادي في مجالات تعلمهم وتخصصهم المهمة في مسيرة عجله حياة الاسلام والمسلمين العلمية والعملية بشكل خاص ونوضح مما اسلفنا أنّ البحث يشترك فيه منهجان اساسيان هما على شكل تحليل بخطوات متتالية من جانب واستقرائية أي استدلالية بحيث ينتقل الباحث من الجزء الى الكل واستنباط عوامل مشتركة من خلال التعميمات في الدراسات الفردية لمعرفة تعريف الاجتهاد واصولية مواكبة لعصرنا هذا ولأهميتها البالغة في التفكير الاجتهادي , ومما يتيح لنا في هذا المنهج من الوقوف على اهم المسببات مختلفة الانواع وتأثيرها المباشر لدراستها من قبل الاساتذة والطلاب مما له اثر كبير ونوعي في تقدم مواد الدراسات الاسلامية , ومعالجة التلكؤ المتعلق بالعملية التعليمية بكافة جوانبها , واعطاء مساحة كافية من خلال القائمين على العملية التعليمية التربوية بأسرها واعطاء حق كل درس أهمية ترتقي به ليكون محبب عند المتعلم لعلم اصول الفقه وغيرها من العلوم الاسلامية وتحديد مواقع الخلل في طرق تدريسها ومعالجتها بالصورة المناسبة لكل فرع من هذه العلوم للنهوض بالعلم الشرعي ومقصده وتطبيقه في المجتمع بصورة صحيحة ومقنعة من خلال الاعمال التجريبية الناجحة السابقة وتفعيلها عند عناصر العملية التربوية الناجحة وتطويراً دائها من جيل الى آخر في كافة مفاصل الحياة .

Language is used by humans to carry out a wide range of social activities. They have to select, among a large number of grammatically correct terms, those that best reflect the social standards that have been established during various periods of time. Swearing is a linguistic device that serves both personal and interpersonal functions in almost all languages. As a result, linguists and anyone interested in language should pay attention to this linguistic phenomenon, which is also accompanied by a certain amount of taboo terms.
The current study focuses on English and Iraqi Arabic societies because they are wealthy in the use of swear words. Its aim is to define, state functions, and trace the history of swear words in language and culture, Also, it highlights and analyzes human qualities based swear words in English and Iraqi Arabic, and concludes the most essential findings.
To fulfil the above aims, it is hypothesized that human qualities swear words are used widely, and some of which are more used than others, culture influences the use of swear words, and the connotative meaning is determined by the context in which swear words are used.
To sum, a range of elements influence the communicative act of swear words, including age, gender, social and economic status, as well as the speaker-listener relationship.

Based on multimodal analysis, the study at focus analyses The Kingdom trailer (2007) by adopting Kress and van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar (1996, 2006), Chandler’s social categories of codes (2007) and Bernstein’s (2003) language codes. This kind of analysis is used to illustrate how the image of Muslim is portrayed in such a trailer. It aims to show how multimodal representational aspects are utilized in depicting such distorted image. Also, it aims at presenting how visual semiotic resources and speeches are constructing certain negative images. This research assumes that meaning construction is not monomodal but an outcome of multimodal means of communication.
The prime conclusions of the current study can be presented as both, visual and verbal aspects which disseminate a negative image of Muslims. Through guns, fight, and extreme behaviour, Muslims are presented as a threat to the Western and prosperous way of life that necessitates force majeure, military actions and murdering. The study at focus also shows that this trailer makes use of a visual mode more than language and the kind of image presented is distorted, unfavourable and misleading. Also, (mis)representation of Muslims in this trailer fuels Islamophobia in a radical manner. Moreover, it has been found that behavioural codes are utilized to link Muslims and Islam to terrorism via the depiction of religious rituals such as prayer and call for prayer after terrorist acts.

Critical discourse analysis examines the key idea of social power and how it is used to produce social mistakes as a result of power abuse, inequality, and dominance. Martin Luther King's speeches show many of these social ideas. These views and authority are shown either explicitly or indirectly through the speaker's use of language structures. By analyzing the speeches, this paper tries to determine the speaker's target audience comments. This study focuses on a few selected sections that include patterns and terms that hint at these ideologies and power. The aims of this study is: Distinguishing textual and discursive techniques utilized in the speeches under review
As a result, this research implies that 1) certain textual approaches are more often used in the selected speeches than others. 2) In the selected speeches, certain discursive strategies are used more frequently than others. When it comes to textual and discursive analysis, certain sociopolitical ideologies are more commonly revealed than others.
The most widely used textual analysis methods are transitivity and modality. 1) In the investigated speeches, presupposition is the most common discursive strategy. 2) Certain themes dominate the writing. 3)Textual and discursive analysis often employ racism as an ideology.