Journal Of Wassit For Science & Medicine

Acute cholecystitis is a frequent surgical emergency, especially in elderly patients with several comorbidities. The study was a prospective cohort study carried out at Al-Karama Teaching hospital, Wasit, Iraq, during a period of 36 months (January 2023-January 2026) and involved 58 high-risk patients to determine the safety of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) and the short-term outcomes, as well as whether disease sever. The term high-risk was considered as having at least one of the following systemic comorbidities (hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, ischaemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, or COPD). The severity of the disease was stratified in terms of the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18), and the burden of comorbidity was measured through ASA classification and cumulative comorbidity count. Results demonstrated that higher TG18 severity grades were significantly associated with longer operative time, increased complications, a conversion rate of 20.7% (n=12), and prolonged hospital stay (p < 0.05). In contrast, cumulative comorbidity burden had limited impact on most primary outcomes. ELC was successfully completed laparoscopically in 79.3% of cases, with acceptable morbidity and low 30-day mortality (1.7%). In conclusion, ELC is safe in comorbid patients, and TG18 disease severity is the primary determinant of surgical outcomes, outperforming comorbidity burden in predicting operative difficulty and recovery trajectory.

The significance and difficulties of instrumental research on density of the upper atmosphere (ionosphere) such as the composition are discussed. Coupling the density and the ionic composition sensor for high atmosphere, mounted on nanosatellites, are suggested as a solution to these issues. A rough idea for a compact combined converter of the higher atmospheric layers\' density and ionic composition is provided. The primary characteristics of the sensor were established based on modeling the ionization processes in the working region of the vacuum transducer and the electron-ion trap.

The current article explores the influence of stellar activity, specifically starspots and stellar flares, on the detection and characterization of exoplanets in TESS data. Stellar activity indicators (photometric modulation amplitude, flare frequency) were determined for 50 active G and K type stars. Significant positive correlations were found between stellar photometric variability and both the false alarm probability (p < 0.01) and the uncertainty of the measured planetary radius (R² = 0.76). Applying Gaussian process regression, a newly developed detrending algorithm for stellar activity indicators reduces the false positive rate by approximately 40% (from 18.6% to 11.2% in our sample) and improves the accuracy of planetary radius estimates by approximately 30% (reducing the mean relative uncertainty from 22.4% to 15.7% for injected Earth sized planets). Thus, accounting for stellar activity is essential for trustworthy exoplanet discovery and characterization.

VKORC1 gene encodes the VKORC1 enzyme that resides in endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and responsible for activating and recycling of vitamin K. The current study investigates the frequency of VKORC1 gene polymorphism in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and relationship with levels of serum cardiac enzymes in Wasit province (Iraq). Genetic analysis shows the significant high frequency of VKORC1-1639G >A was seen among the GA genotype (48.33%) when compared to GG (38.33%) and AA (13.33%) genotypes. While significant reduction was reported in GA genotype (8.33%) in comparison with other GG (63.33%) and AA (20%) genotypes in healthy cases. Subsequently, the frequency of G allele in patient and healthy individuals was significantly higher than the frequency of A allele. Regarding cardiac enzymes. This study demonstrates the effect of VKORC1-1639G>A polymorphism on incidence of cardiovascular diseases as shown in increasing the frequency of GA genotype in study patients compared to healthy individuals.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic ailment resulting in a gradual and persistent worsening of the kidney functioning, which results in a substantial influence on the body fluid and electrolyte balance and the buildup of toxic wastes. The research was done in Wasit Governorate and in partnership with Al-Zahraa General Hospital and Martyr Dr. Fayrouz Hospital. A cross-section of sixty patients was selected, comprising patients with chronic kidney disease and healthy people and a range from 21 to 98 years old. A collection and analysis of samples were done at the laboratory, where urea and creatinine concentrations of the blood of the participants were examined. The percentages were used to depict the resulting data in terms of age groups, gender segregation (male and female), and urea and creatinine levels. The correlation between these health variables and kidney failure complications, such as anemia and blood pressure, was determined. Findings revealed that urea and creatinine levels were significantly surged in patients with kidney failure as compared to healthy people. That is an explicit indication of deterioration of kidney functions. It was also established that males showed more elevated creatinine levels than females, with females having more anemia levels. These findings show that monitoring biomarkers regularly is essential to reduce the complications of chronic kidney failure and improve the quality of life of patients.

Thalassemia Intermediate (BTI) is one of the inherited disorders with diminished or lacking chains of beta-globin production. Abnormal enzymes and hormones are commonly associated with thalassemia patients. The current study investigates variations in levels of thyroid hormones, hepatic, renal enzymes, and serum ferritin. Additionally, detection the distribution of blood groups with participants. Levels of thyroid hormones, including biochemical and hormones parameters were measured in patients and compared across sex groups. The result revealed that O+ RH was a high percentage (32%) associated with patients more than other blood groups. Also, a slight increase in the serum of TSH and T4 levels in males’ patients compared to females. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) concentrations were also higher in males compared to females, with a positive correlation of 0.88 and forward to TSB and AlP according to radar plot analysis. In conclusion, levels of ferritin, TSB, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly elevated in the males compared to females. The observed correlations between these parameters and disease status underscore the importance of regular monitoring and timely transfusion to mitigate biochemical disturbances and potential organ dysfunction.

This experiment compares the pitting corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel in two chloride environments, 3.5 wt.% NaCl, simulated seawater, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), which is a physiological medium, in potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Findings point to the conclusion that the PBS + NaCl solution is more violent with the passive film of the 316 L stainless steel. An experiment with potentiodynamic polarization indicated that this electrolyte had a lower pitting potential than sal-ammoniac and indicated that the electrolyte was more subject to the initiation of pits. EIS analysis confirms these results with the lowering of the charge transfer resistance and changed capacitive behavior, which was evidence of the formation of a thinner, less stable, and more defective passive film. Quantitative analysis of the electrochemical behavior was done through equivalent circuit models with a constant phase element (CPE). In general, the integrated electrochemical measures indicate that, despite the overall good corrosion performance of 316L stainless steel, the passive film is more prone to localized corrosion in compound chloride-rich environments, including physiological fluids. Such intuitions are essential in the choice of materials and determining the risk of corrosion in the engineering of marine structures and biomedical implants.

Methotrexate (MTX) is a common drug for inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, although it has been associated with cytogenetic abnormalities, which suggest genotoxicity. This research evaluated the impact of vitamin C and ferric gluconate on micronucleus (MN) frequency and oxidative stress in patients receiving MTX. One hundred subjects were divided into four groups: MTX alone, MTX + vitamin C, MTX + ferric gluconate and combination adjunct therapy. Blood samples were taken at baseline and 8 weeks to measure MN and oxidative stress. Following treatment, the MTX group had increased MN, while the adjunct therapy groups, particularly the combined group had decreased MN. Oxidative stress analyses showed decreased MDA and increased GSH, SOD and CAT in the adjunct groups, especially the combined group (p < 0.001). Correlation studies suggested that the improved oxidative status was correlated with genomic stability. These findings suggest that vitamin C and ferric gluconate, particularly the combination, are associated with improved oxidative status and reduced chromosomal damage in patients receiving MTX.

Biotechnology offers new methods of solving environmental pollution, especially using microbial bioremediation applications, genetic engineering and biosensor technologies. This paper explores how microbial biotechnology and genome editing technology can be used to remove heavy metal in soils. The treatment of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn)-contaminated soil samples was done with the help of the bacterial cultures Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Streptomyces. The experimental data showed that the heavy metal concentrations were greatly decreased and the efficiencies of the removal were between 55.0 and 73.3 %. In particular, the removal efficiency of Pb was 66.7 %, Cd 73.3 %, and Zn 55.0 %. Results of this study highlight the usefulness of microbial bioremediation as a potential tool in cleaning up the environment. Moreover, there are also opportunities to improve the functioning of microorganisms through the introduction of the latest genetic engineering techniques. Including CRISPR-Cas9, which can potentially significantly improve their pollutant-degrading activity. This study justifies the possibility of using modern biotechnology as a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective method of environmental pollution reduction, and as a promising factor in ecological health and the control of pollution.

Pediculus humanus capitis was a prominent and widespread problem, especially among children, and its prevalence has been documented even in developed countries. This study aimed to investigate the antiparasitic activity of human head lice. The study used an aqueous extract of Abelmoschus esculentus, commercial nano zinc oxide with a particle size ranging from 90 to 200 nm, and bio-prepared nano zinc oxide with a particle size of 35 nm. After studying their physical properties and proving their existence, a study was conducted to find their effectiveness against this parasite. The water extract of Abelmoschus esculentus was tested at different concentrations, and it was determined that its LC50 was 71 mg/L Furthermore, when using commercial nano zinc oxide at several concentrations, increasing the concentration increased the killing rate, with its LC50 found to be 19.8 mg/L. As for the prepared nano-bio-zinc oxide, it can be observed that the antiparasitic activity value generally increases with increasing concentration of the substance, with its LC50 reaching 15 mg/L. Results demonstrate a significant difference, with the prepared zinc oxide exhibiting higher biological activity. Nanoparticle preparation using biological systems represents a promising alternative for developing a large-scale strategy for eliminating parasites.

The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of expired amoxicillin as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel (CS) in a 1.0 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques were employed to evaluate the inhibition efficiency, along with weight loss measurements over a concentration range of 50-300 ppm and a temperatures range of 303-333 K. SEM and AFM were used to analyze the surface morphology. Discoveries indicate that the expired amoxicillin is a mixed-type inhibitor, reaching the peak efficacy of 91.2 % at 300 ppm and 303 K. Adsorption is by the Langmuir Isotherm as an unstirred physical adsorption. The surface examination established the growth of a protective coating that minimized the corrosive losses. This research indicates the utility of the expired pharmaceuticals as a more affordable and cost-effective substitute corrosion inhibitor that is environmentally friendly.

Renal failure performs the stage of worsening of the kidney work, it lacks the capacity to filter impurities from the blood, which causes a general imbalance in the body. The aim of this study is to evaluation specific hematological and biochemical parameters in renal failure patients before dialysis and compare results with healthy control. Blood samples were taken from 50 patients and 40 controls. This study found a significant decrease in Hb, PCV in all patients while WBCs showing significant increase in male patient before peritoneal dialysis only, in female WBCs showed significant increase in both dialysis. PLT showed significant increase in all patients. Urea and creatinine are found to be significantly increased in patients. Depending on the study results, there are physiological and biochemical changes for all renal failure patients that lead to effect on the function of difference organs.

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is among the most used over-the-counter drugs worldwide for the treatment of various conditions including analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory. Effects on its large therapeutic spectrum allows the use of Eleuphyllin, its use in clinical practice is limited by the cytogenetic and genotoxic effects that this drug may promote with prolonged or uncontrolled use. The mitotic index (MI) serves as a key cytological marker that reflects the proliferative activity of cells and identifies experimental disturbances associated with cell division. The goal of this study is to evaluate the genotoxic effect of aspirin in laboratory mice, utilizing the mitotic index of bone marrow stem cells. The dividing cells mitotic index (MI) was used as a measure of cytogenetic damage and mitotic inhibition. Significant dose-dependent decreases in mitotic index were seen in the aspirin-treated mice compared to the controls. The results indicate that aspirin may affect normal cell division and has genotoxic effects on bone marrow cells.

Bacterial ear infections represent a significant public health challenge, particularly in developing regions where antimicrobial resistance is escalating at an alarming rate. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, bacteriological profile, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with ear infections attending Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital and private otolaryngology clinics in Wasit Province, Iraq between November 2024 and June 2025. A total of 300 ear swabs were collected and processed under standardized microbiological protocols. P. aeruginosa was detected in 16.67% (50/300) samples, representing 36.08% of total bacterial isolates. Among the 50 confirmed isolates, 74% were associated with otitis externa and 26% with otitis media. All isolates were confirmed by PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene (956 bp amplicon), yielding 100% concordance with conventional biochemical identification. The highest infection rate was recorded in patients aged 40-60 years (24.39%), with no statistically significant gender differences (P > 0.05). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2025 guidelines, revealing optimal activity for ceftazidime (90%), amikacin (88%), meropenem (86%), and imipenem (84%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 40% of isolates and extensive drug resistance (XDR) in 8%. Piperacillin demonstrated near-universal resistance (98%), rendering it clinically ineffective. These findings underscore the urgent necessity for continuous antimicrobial surveillance and evidence-based empirical treatment protocols in Wasit Province.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that has a wide range of clinical heterogeneity with a global prevalence from 5 to 13% in women of reproductive age. It has been progressively proposed that shortages of micronutrients like vitamin B12 are related to both metabolic and reproductive disorders in PCOS females Vitamin B12 plays a critical role in the metabolism of homocysteine, the methylation pathways and oocyte quality. On the contrary in B12 deficiency, the influence of deficiency can be seen on clinical features such as insulin resistance, gangrene, menstrual abnormalities, anovulation and dermal symptoms such as acne and hirsutism. Ninety-three women were assessed for the structured questionnaire and biochemical parameters such as serum B12, HOMA-IR, BMI and reproductive history from clinical and outpatient gynecology centers in Wasit Province, Iraq. In addition to greater menstrual cycle irregularities and lower parity, the low B12 group also had higher HOMA-IR and BMI as identified using ng-H. Nevertheless, an association was reported between metformin and menstrual irregularity, but it was relatively weak (OR = 2.17, 95% C. I: 0.60-7.91). Results contribute to the rising evidence that deficiency of vitamin B12 may exacerbate the clinical features of PCOS. Also, emphasize the importance of adding micronutrient screening, namely B12, to routine examination and management of PCOS, especially in long term Metformin users. Additional interventional studies on the impact of B12 supplementation on metabolic and reproductive outcomes among women with the condition.

Y-type hexaferrites with the nominal composition Ba2Co2₋xZnxFe12O22 (x = 0 and 1) were made using the standard solid state reaction procedure and sintered at 1000 °C. The structure of the sample in X-ray diffraction showed a single phase of Y-type with a high crystallinity and minor increase in lattice parameters owing to the replacement of Zn2+ ions by Co2+. The crystallite size decreased slightly due to the presence of Zn ions, which must have inhibited the growth of the grain and enhanced the microstructural homogeneity. X-band (8-12 GHz) measurements with a vector network analyzer showed that incorporation of Zn increased both dielectric and magnetic losses by a considerable amount giving improved impedance matching and increased absorption efficiency. Best reflections loss was recorded to be 37.8 dB at 10.4 GHz at an effective absorption bandwidth of over 2.3 GHz with a composition of Ba2Co2₋xZnxFe12O22, as compared to Ba2Co2Fe12O22 which has a reflection loss of 28.6 dB at 9.7 GHz. The increase in absorption is explained by the synergistic processes in terms of dipolar polarization, domain wall resonance and balanced dielectric-magnetic coupling. These observations point to the conclusion that Zn-modified Y-type hexaferrites are the good candidates to be used in radar absorbing coating, electromagnetic shielding, and microwave-photonics.

This cross-sectional study includes 120 adults, 60 with metabolic syndrome MetS and 60 controls. Also, involved the relationship between insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The MetS group showed higher levels of BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, MDA, and hs-CRP, and lower levels of HDL cholesterol, TAC, and adiponectin (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between HOMA-IR and MDA/hs-CRP, and a negative correlation with TAC/adiponectin. Path analysis revealed that BMI indirectly influenced HOMA-IR via MDA and hs-CRP (β = 0.34, p < 0.001). A combined biomarker panel (MDA, TAC, hs-CRP, adiponectin) showed high diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.91). The study suggests that oxidative stress, inflammation, and decreased adiponectin are closely linked to insulin resistance in MetS, highlighting their potential for improved risk stratification.