Journal Of Wassit For Science & Medicine

Acute cholecystitis is a frequent surgical emergency, especially in elderly patients with several comorbidities. The study was a prospective cohort study carried out at Al-Karama Teaching hospital, Wasit, Iraq, during a period of 36 months (January 2023-January 2026) and involved 58 high-risk patients to determine the safety of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) and the short-term outcomes, as well as whether disease sever. The term high-risk was considered as having at least one of the following systemic comorbidities (hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, ischaemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, or COPD). The severity of the disease was stratified in terms of the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18), and the burden of comorbidity was measured through ASA classification and cumulative comorbidity count. Results demonstrated that higher TG18 severity grades were significantly associated with longer operative time, increased complications, a conversion rate of 20.7% (n=12), and prolonged hospital stay (p < 0.05). In contrast, cumulative comorbidity burden had limited impact on most primary outcomes. ELC was successfully completed laparoscopically in 79.3% of cases, with acceptable morbidity and low 30-day mortality (1.7%). In conclusion, ELC is safe in comorbid patients, and TG18 disease severity is the primary determinant of surgical outcomes, outperforming comorbidity burden in predicting operative difficulty and recovery trajectory.

The significance and difficulties of instrumental research on density of the upper atmosphere (ionosphere) such as the composition are discussed. Coupling the density and the ionic composition sensor for high atmosphere, mounted on nanosatellites, are suggested as a solution to these issues. A rough idea for a compact combined converter of the higher atmospheric layers\' density and ionic composition is provided. The primary characteristics of the sensor were established based on modeling the ionization processes in the working region of the vacuum transducer and the electron-ion trap.

The current article explores the influence of stellar activity, specifically starspots and stellar flares, on the detection and characterization of exoplanets in TESS data. Stellar activity indicators (photometric modulation amplitude, flare frequency) were determined for 50 active G and K type stars. Significant positive correlations were found between stellar photometric variability and both the false alarm probability (p < 0.01) and the uncertainty of the measured planetary radius (R² = 0.76). Applying Gaussian process regression, a newly developed detrending algorithm for stellar activity indicators reduces the false positive rate by approximately 40% (from 18.6% to 11.2% in our sample) and improves the accuracy of planetary radius estimates by approximately 30% (reducing the mean relative uncertainty from 22.4% to 15.7% for injected Earth sized planets). Thus, accounting for stellar activity is essential for trustworthy exoplanet discovery and characterization.

VKORC1 gene encodes the VKORC1 enzyme that resides in endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and responsible for activating and recycling of vitamin K. The current study investigates the frequency of VKORC1 gene polymorphism in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and relationship with levels of serum cardiac enzymes in Wasit province (Iraq). Genetic analysis shows the significant high frequency of VKORC1-1639G >A was seen among the GA genotype (48.33%) when compared to GG (38.33%) and AA (13.33%) genotypes. While significant reduction was reported in GA genotype (8.33%) in comparison with other GG (63.33%) and AA (20%) genotypes in healthy cases. Subsequently, the frequency of G allele in patient and healthy individuals was significantly higher than the frequency of A allele. Regarding cardiac enzymes. This study demonstrates the effect of VKORC1-1639G>A polymorphism on incidence of cardiovascular diseases as shown in increasing the frequency of GA genotype in study patients compared to healthy individuals.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic ailment resulting in a gradual and persistent worsening of the kidney functioning, which results in a substantial influence on the body fluid and electrolyte balance and the buildup of toxic wastes. The research was done in Wasit Governorate and in partnership with Al-Zahraa General Hospital and Martyr Dr. Fayrouz Hospital. A cross-section of sixty patients was selected, comprising patients with chronic kidney disease and healthy people and a range from 21 to 98 years old. A collection and analysis of samples were done at the laboratory, where urea and creatinine concentrations of the blood of the participants were examined. The percentages were used to depict the resulting data in terms of age groups, gender segregation (male and female), and urea and creatinine levels. The correlation between these health variables and kidney failure complications, such as anemia and blood pressure, was determined. Findings revealed that urea and creatinine levels were significantly surged in patients with kidney failure as compared to healthy people. That is an explicit indication of deterioration of kidney functions. It was also established that males showed more elevated creatinine levels than females, with females having more anemia levels. These findings show that monitoring biomarkers regularly is essential to reduce the complications of chronic kidney failure and improve the quality of life of patients.

Thalassemia Intermediate (BTI) is one of the inherited disorders with diminished or lacking chains of beta-globin production. Abnormal enzymes and hormones are commonly associated with thalassemia patients. The current study investigates variations in levels of thyroid hormones, hepatic, renal enzymes, and serum ferritin. Additionally, detection the distribution of blood groups with participants. Levels of thyroid hormones, including biochemical and hormones parameters were measured in patients and compared across sex groups. The result revealed that O+ RH was a high percentage (32%) associated with patients more than other blood groups. Also, a slight increase in the serum of TSH and T4 levels in males’ patients compared to females. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) concentrations were also higher in males compared to females, with a positive correlation of 0.88 and forward to TSB and AlP according to radar plot analysis. In conclusion, levels of ferritin, TSB, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly elevated in the males compared to females. The observed correlations between these parameters and disease status underscore the importance of regular monitoring and timely transfusion to mitigate biochemical disturbances and potential organ dysfunction.

This experiment compares the pitting corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel in two chloride environments, 3.5 wt.% NaCl, simulated seawater, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), which is a physiological medium, in potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Findings point to the conclusion that the PBS + NaCl solution is more violent with the passive film of the 316 L stainless steel. An experiment with potentiodynamic polarization indicated that this electrolyte had a lower pitting potential than sal-ammoniac and indicated that the electrolyte was more subject to the initiation of pits. EIS analysis confirms these results with the lowering of the charge transfer resistance and changed capacitive behavior, which was evidence of the formation of a thinner, less stable, and more defective passive film. Quantitative analysis of the electrochemical behavior was done through equivalent circuit models with a constant phase element (CPE). In general, the integrated electrochemical measures indicate that, despite the overall good corrosion performance of 316L stainless steel, the passive film is more prone to localized corrosion in compound chloride-rich environments, including physiological fluids. Such intuitions are essential in the choice of materials and determining the risk of corrosion in the engineering of marine structures and biomedical implants.