Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

This paper studies the rap poetry of Sonia Sanchez as an example of the literature of protest which prevailed throughout the 1960s and ‘70s of the twentieth century, especially the poetry of the Black Arts Movement. During the 1960s a group of Black poets started to compose poems that can best be described as anti-white poems which aimed at rejecting the hegemonic white culture and its oppressions over the Blacks. They rejected the American culture in favour of a Black one that would formulate a Black consciousness which would be the touchstone of the cultural resistance and would, the poets wished, initiate a revolution against the white Americans’ violence and unfair practices towards the African-Americans.
Sonia Sanchez was an active member of the Black Arts Movement which was established in the 1960s and called for a violent revolution against the white Americans, especially after the assassination of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King. This movement called for Black aesthetic which highlighted a literature that reflects and explores the Black culture and traditions and speaks to the Blacks’ issues and concerns. Therefore, their poems were politically oriented as they addressed the lives and ambitions of the Black people and started using the Black speech in their poetry. Their poetry, then, is given a Black identity which is considered as the essence of the Black Aesthetic Movement© 2022 JTUH, College of Education for Human Sciences, Tikrit University

The outbreak of COVID-19 may be stressful for people. Fear and anxiety about its condition can be emotionally overwhelming. The virus has already had a direct impact on the physical health of numerous people. Additionally, it has a significant effective threat upon mental health. This study aims to address mounting evidence concerning the immediate psychological responses to the CoViD-19 pandemic among the general population. In addition, this article focuses on the construct of the impact of coronavirus on mental health by examining the role of Psychological Factors such as the need for satisfaction and positivity among the individuals who are guaranteed in Erbil. The study includes data from a convenient sample of social communities in Erbil (N = 260; 180 males and 180 females). The sample range age is from 18 to 57 with a mean of 3.04 years (SD = 7.79). The analyses indicated more vital basic Need satisfaction and higher levels of positivity and mental health. As well, the results show that positivity could concede as a unique prediction to mental health. Mediation analysis suggested the following interpretation of the interdependencies: total positivity supports mental health and needs satisfaction in the context of COVID-19.

Today, teaching / learning is subject to a radical change of reference. This change is essentially related to the relationships uniting the learner to knowledge, regarding times and spaces reserved for this operation, as well as the importance of the collective in learning. Indeed, the current changes have come in time to question the role and training of teachers, who on the one hand have taken advantage of new opportunities regarding developing learner-centered pedagogies; however, on the other hand. , they in turn have to face new challenges.
E- learning is an appropriate remedy for schools in various, even heterogeneous situations (e.g., geographically dispersed learners). In a stand-alone online course, learners can analyze the course equipment in question at the desired times. To do this, it is recommended that these learners have direct access to online documents considered interactive and autonomous. However, this learning can be seen as simplified and conducted at a specific time, which often includes self-learning modules with partnership activities, such as negotiations or working groups. Several media can be used to create information reserved for e-Learning, whether linguistic or iconic, such as texts, images, animations, sounds, photographs and films. The possibility of an ideal combination of multimedia components depends on the pedagogical approach and the obligations regarding technology and resources.
Moreover, if this learning is done online or separately, and if the approach will be synchronous or asynchronous, it is necessary to consider the factors related to the learners, such as the time available and the specialized knowledge, as well as the specialized aspects, to know; hardware, software and Internet transfer rate desires. The generalized verification strategy and procedures for measuring learner progress should also be defined during the design phase.
Therefore, online courses are the ideal, even reliable, and practical medium with intense qualities for developing educational content without physical obligations, especially in crisis. Other advantages of this kind of teaching, namely online courses, they give flexibility of learning and quick access to educational media and technological tools. The education in question could hardly be based on a one-size-fits-all approach, when technology could reduce the intense workload of all teachers. In such a context, it is necessary to reflect on the profession of teachers of the future: Can they accomplish their tasks as expected? Can they resist the same roles and in what status? What training should they benefit from? Would the content of their courses still be relevant? What would be the uses, and even the limits, of digital technology to support good educational continuity in the future? Thus, many research questions are asked and which have led us to additional work on the subject in question

Translation of conditional sentences without ' if ' is regarded a thorny area, since it requires the translator's realization of the syntactic system that determines the well-formed sentence structures. The meaning through grammar is a basic significance in this study, which sheds light on the words ordering links (i.e., syntax) in a certain context. Thus, English conditionals without 'if' form, tense and meaning are difficult areas in the translation process into Arabic. On the syntactic level, the structural disparity between English and Arabic constitutes a stumbling block, in that English conditionals are without subordinator ' if ' and determined by the verb tense. Unlike Arabic, only the particles determine the conditional type and its meaning. So, this mismatch between the two languages involved is one of the main factors that brings out inappropriate translation. This study aims to analyze conditional sentences without ' if ' syntactically and semantically to show the translation method of their types and to specify some problems that may arise in translating such constructions. To achieve the above-mentioned aims, the study hypothesizes that unless the syntactic and semantic features of those sentences are fully realized, a proper translation cannot be attained. The study shows that the structures of conditionals without ' if ' are not well understood and their meaning are not expressed appropriately into Arabic.