Academic Science Journal

Five-membered cyclic compound that contains (C=N–O) bond, like isoxazoline having
bioorganic and pharmacological importance is considered as useful transformation intermediate
to a large number of bioactive molecules. It is well known from scientific literatures that this
class of hetero-compounds has biological activities. So, this discussed the synthetic methods of
these building blocks targeting bioactive molecule containing isoxazoline ring with advanced
and varied medical applications. A large number of research and review studies describe new
synthesis pathways of isoxazolines derivatives would represent a promising matrix for the
further development of the isoxazoline core which could be a leading core for future
developments to obtain safer and more effective therapies.

Sarmord Formation is a significant formation that was deposited in the Lower Cretaceous in
North and Central Iraq. It has been studied for biostratigraphic purposes in two subsurface
sections of Tikrit oil field wells: T.K.3 and T.K.5 in Tikrit governorate. The formation is known
for its importance and studied extensively by researchers. The lithology of Sarmord Formation
is limestone and also contains marly limestone and marl. It has a thickness range of 109-286 m.
To determine the fauna present in the formation, authors studied 170 thin sections under a
microscope. They identified fourteen benthic foraminifera and algae species belonging to
sixteen genera, based on the benthic foraminifera. After studying the paleontological data from
the investigated area, it was determined that two distinct biozones exist within Sarmord
Formation. These biozones were identified as the Choffatella decipiens range zone, which spans
the Hauterivian to Early Aptian period, and the Palorbitolina lenticularis range zone, which
spans the Late Barremian to Late Aptian period. This information provides insight to the age of
Sarmord Formation, which is thought to deposit during the Hauterivian to Aptian period.

For the assessment of the drug azithromycin (AZ) in biological and pharmaceutical samples, three different types of ion selective electrodes were created: the modified carbon paste electrode (MCPE), coated graphite electrode (CGE), and coated wire electrode (CWE). The electrodes followed the Nernst equation in the range (1.0×10-7 - 1.0×10-1 , 1.0×10-6 - 1.0×10-1 and 1.0×10-5 - 1.0×10-1 )M range, with a slope of (58.355, 57.937, and 56,127) mV/decade and a low detection limit of (5.0339×10-8 , 5.111×10-7 and 4.8486×10-6 )M for (MCPE, CGE and CWE)electrodes respectively.The suggested sensors additionally demonstrated long-term stability and worked following preparation without significant changes in the potential or slope values, the analysis method is very sensitive and selective, and the t-test and F-test at a 95% confidence level were used to perform the statistics precisely and accurately.

In this research, the procedures were obtained for the growth of epilayers of Si1–xGex solid solutions from tin and gallium solution-melt. The two solutions of the molten material were dissolved on a single-crystal silicon substrate in the direction of <111>. To reduce the amount of solution-melt used, the epitaxial layer was developed from a minimal volume of solutions of tin (Sn) and gallium (Ga) melt in a hydrogen atmosphere that had been purified by dissolving palladium (Pd) and was constrained by two substrates. The results were to obtain the lowest dislocation density in thin films. The relationship between thin film dislocation density and thickness was an exponential relationship between its variables. Thin films with a compound containing a smooth structure change were obtained by smoothly changing the lattice parameters of the gradient gap solid solution, and a structure of epilayers of gallium on a silicon substrate was also obtained.

Out of 50 samples of yogurt and vaginal swabs, 20 isolates of Lactobacillus (LAB) were isolated for the current investigation. Additionally, the bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria that produced against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was screened. The results of morphological, microscopical, and biochemical tests used to identify these isolates showed that they are all of the Lactobacillus genus. Moreover, screening was performed for the best producer isolate and the results showed the yogurt-isolated Lactobacillus bacterium was the best bacteriocin activity according to screening results for the best producer isolate. To isolate the P. aeruginosa-tested bacterium about 100 urine samples from females patients at AlBatool teaching hospital (Diyala/Iraq) with ages ranging from 19 to 40 years were gathered. 34 investigated bacteria in all were isolated. When two antibiotics (Piperacillin 5 mg and Ciprofloxacin 10 mg) were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using the agar disk diffusion method, all isolates appeared to be resistant to Piperacillin and 16% to Ciprofloxacin. Using the micro-titer plate method on four different isolates of P. aeruginosa, both with and without bacteriocin treatments, the producing biofilm was observed. The results showed that bacteriocin treatment resulted in a decrease in biofilm thickness (i.e., biofilm absorbency). Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bacteriocin, determined using the good diffusions method, was 12.5 mg/ml.

The expression of genes PA-ss (species-specific gene) and Ps1A (polysaccharide synthesis locus) before and after bacteriocin treatment was compared using reverse transcription-quantitative quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The findings indicate that this gene's folding was reduced following bacteriocin treatment, indicating that bacteriocin inhibits the gene expression in the bacteria that form biofilms to isolate them.

The study included the the process of creating zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) using (PLAL) technology, Immersed in distilled water (DW) as an expanding media with an N.d: Yak. Laser, tuned by the quality factor (Q-Switched Laser Nd-YAG), wavelength used (1064nm), ablation energy (600 mj), repetition rate (1 Hz), and diameter The laser beam at the focal center (2 mm) of the objective, and the distance between the objective and the lens (8 cm). Using techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, field-emitting electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-Vis spectroscopy, the optical and structural features were investigated. Then, the effectiveness test was studied. biological nanoparticles on a number of bacteria. The results of the field-emitting scanning electron microscope showed the study of the surface morphology of the samples prepared with distilled water medium (DW) to obtain average size diameters ranging from (80.29 - 35.62 nm) for (ZnONPs). The results of X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy showed the primary components and the chemical components in present in the ZnO nanoparticles. The outcomes of the IR spectroscopy of the Fourier transforms showed that the nanoparticles of zinc dioxide consist of pure functional groups with distinct positions and intensity of absorption bands, as it showed that the absorption appears for the beam nearby to the wave quantity ( 478.3463 cm-1) owing to the coupling shaking (Zn-O), and the appearance of The (H - O) beam's vibration has caused the absorption beam to be close to wave number ( 1660.71 cm-1). As for measuring the optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles measured using UV-vis spectroscopy. The results of UV-vis spectroscopy indicated a characteristic absorption peak at one wavelength (375- 380 nm) for zinc oxide nanoparticles that were prepared using distilled water medium (DW). In the biological application, the nanoparticles prepared from zinc oxide prepared with different laser standards (number of pulses, energy and frequency) were employed in the distilled water medium. They were used as antibodies against bacteria strains (S.epidemidis , P.aeruginosa , E.coil) Where it indicated the presence of inhibition of bacteria in the nanoparticles.

This study was conducted in the agricultural nursery / Al-Khalkis from September 2021 to April 2022, the study was carried out with the aim of studying the effect of Nano-zinc oxide on the vegetative characteristics of the Solanum lycopersicum plant X-ray and SEM scanning electron microscope.The average particle size of zinc oxide was 23.42 nm. The results indicate that the treatment of 100 mg.L-1 gave the highest values for plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of the vegetative complex and chlorophyll content which reached 27.66 cm, 10.66 leaf 1-, 25.1 g, 16.3 g SPAD.

In this paper, the Creating self-reflexive matrices for the Hill Cipher algorithm in Gaussian integers is discussed. It's not always possible to find the inverse of the matrix that was used to encrypt the plaintext. Therefore, the encrypted text cannot be deciphered if the matrix is not invertible. The encryption matrix utilized in the self-reflexive matrix Creating method is self-reflexive as well. As a result, we do not need to find the matrix's inverse during decryption. Additionally, this approach does away with the computational cost of determining the matrix's inverse during decryption. We also provided an example showing the work of Hill-Cipher using a self-reflecting matrix in Gaussian integers

The total number of samples was 112 that collected from 31 patients with hepatitis B virus [11 females and 20 males], 31 patients with hepatitis C virus [10 females and 21 males], and 50 males of blood donors during the period from the 1st of January, 2022, to the 1st of May, 2022. The samples were screened routinely for hepatitis C, hepatitis B virus, HIV, and Syphilis but not for HCMV. The goal of this research was to assess the incidence of HCMV IgG and HCMV IgM seropositivity in blood donors, HCV patients, and HBV patients in Diyala province using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. The results revealed that the seropositivity of HCMV IgM was 3.2% in each of the HCV and HBV patients and 0.0% in blood donors. In contrast, the seropositivity of HCMV IgG was high among all study groups which were 96.8% among HCV patients, 100% among HBV patients, and 92% among blood donors. Based on the lifestyle, the percentage of HCMV IgM seropositivity for urban participants was 1.6%, and for rural participants, 2.0%. Meanwhile, the seropositivity of HCMV IgG was 96.7% in urban participants and 94.1% in rural participants.

In composition theory, computer security, and engineering are all closely related fields under which cryptography, a technology that deals with data security, falls. However, the complexity of cryptographic systems must be increased due to the attackers' use of powerful computers. El Gamal encryption and the Polybius square were bypassed in this study's attempt to increase data security. As this hybridization was done in a Gaussian environment. The ciphertext produced by the Polybius box aims to strengthen the hybrid cipher. The simulation results show that the proposed technique creates a unique ciphertext that is immune from brute force or repeated attacks since it does not resemble any pattern of plaintext.

In this research, a new heterocyclic compound (E)-2-(4-((2-(2-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl) methylene) hydrazinyl) thiazol-4-yl) amino) phenyl) acetic acid was synthesized from the reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde with 2-(4-((2-hydrazinylthiazol-4-yl)amino)phenyl)acetic acid. This compound was utilized as the ligand (HL) to synthesize series of complexes by its reaction with some metals elements salts (cobalt chloride hexahydrate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, copper chloride dihydrate and anhydrous zinc chloride). The ligand was characterized using different types of analytical techniques such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectrum and UV-Vis. Spectrum. The complexes were characterized by using UV-Vis- spectrum, LC.-MS. technique, FT-IR spectrophotometer, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption. The results of the analysis revealed that the final structures of the complexes are octahedral.

Twenty isolates of Candida albicans were collected, during the study period from December / 2020 to February / 2021. For a group of 20 married women suffering from vaginal infections in Baqubah city. All the isolates were multidrug resistance against 5 antifungals from different groups according to the susceptibility test. The result of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for antifungal (fluconazole) values were between (256-64) µg/ml and MIC values for ribosomal inactivating proteins, between 325–5200 µg/ml . Conventional PCR technique was used to detect the CDR2 gene that is a molecular marker of a functional resistance for azoles antifungals group, the results inducted the presence of CDR2 gene 100%, it presented in the 20 isolates. By using Real-time PCR technique the CDR2 gene gave a low expression after treatment (32)µg/ml with sub MIC concentration of fluconazole with average folding 0.1once and after treatment 325 µg/ml with sub MIC ribosomal inactivating proteins concentration again of compared with control with average folding 0.6 in different degrees in two isolates were multi-resistant to antifungals.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition of increasing fat in liver of individuals
who do not consume significant amount of alcohol. The study aimed to estimate Omentin-1,
insulin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline
phosphatase (ALk) , albumin, globulin, total protein, CRP, Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol
(TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density
lipoprotein (VLDL) in the serum of NAFLD patients, and find the relationship of variation in
omentin-1 and Some Biochemical Parameters with body mass index(BMI) in Patients of
NAFLD And comparing them with to the healthy ones.
Ninety people were involved in this study (60 were patients with NAFLD and 30 healthy
individuals) from Al-Muqdudia General Hospital in Diyala province, Iraq, during the period
1/10/2021 to 30/12/2021. The ELISA Kit was used to detect serum omentin-1. A rapid
quantitative assay HS-INSULIN-CHECK-1 is used to estimate the of insulin. The CRP-latex is
a slide agglutination test for the quantitive and semi-quantitive detection of C-reacive protein
(CRP) in human serum. in serum AST, ALT, ALP, Albumin Globulin, Total Protein, TG, TC
and HDL tests were assessed using an Semi automated spectrophotometer (Humalyzer Primus).
Serum omentin-1 levels were higher in patients than in healthy subjects with significant
differences (p<0.05). Serum levels of ALT , AST and CPR were increased significantly in patients compared with controls (p<0.05). The results ALP, LDL, albumin, total protein, insulin
,and globulin showed no significant increase(p>0.05) in patients compared with controls. Serum
cholesterol, TG and VLDL were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in patients in comparison to
controls group, while HDL levels were decreased non significantly (p>0.05). Omentin-1 was
positively correlated with cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL, insulin, ALP and globulin BMI. Serum
omentin-1 concentrations were negatively correlated with HDL, ALT, AST, albumin and
protein. All these correlations between serum omentin-1 and biochemical parameters were
without significant different (p>0.05). The omentin-1 showed not significant association with
the anthropometries measurements.

This paper utilized a newly proposed multi-layer perceptron (MLP) that has been trained using
a meta-heuristic technique (algorithm) that was developed using the idea of the African
Vultures Optimization Algorithm. The precision and consistency of the proposed method's
convergence as performance metrics. The African Vultures Optimization Algorithm(AVOA)
was recently proposed for use in training multi-layer perceptron (MLP), and it employs the five
most common classification data sets currently available( XOR, balloon, breast cancer, heart,
Iris) in the California University at Irvine UCI Repository .The newly Optimizers (AVOA) are
being us for the first time as a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) trainer, and its results are
compared to those obtained using the more established gray wolf optimization (GWO), the
whale optimization algorithm (WOA), and the sine cosine algorithm are examples of
optimization techniques (SCA). Previously, AVOA was used to determine the best weights and
biases for the optimal solution.

The aim of the current study is to prepare nanocellulose (NC) from agricultural wastes: cotton
lint rather than throwing it into waste which increases pollution of the environment and thereby
reduces environmental pollution to some extent. In this study, the nanocellulose was prepared
by acid hydrolysis using sulfuric acid at a concentration (30) % for cotton lint to dissolve the
raw materials by sulfuric acid and extract cellulose. It also converts it to nanocellulose by using
renewable and advanced methods by the ultrasonic processor for different times at (30-180)
minutes. And the outcome was a fine powder with good quality that could have been used in
other processes and methods. By completely removing lignin and hemicellulose, Atomic force
microscope (AFM) photos demonstrated the smooth surface and small nanoparticles of cotton
lint-derived Nano cellulose, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
measurements demonstrated the purity of cellulose. 3.303 nm is reported to be the average
roughness of cotton lint-derived nanocellulose. There are numerous uses for the manufactured
cellulose nanoparticles. Because of this, we think that in the near future, cotton lint with a high
cellulose content will be a great source of inexpensive raw materials.

Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 or CZT(S,Se) composed of copper, zinc, tin, sulfur, or selenium are developing
as promising new long-term light absorption materials for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The
materials are abundant, non-toxic, and inexpensive. CZT(S,Se) thin films have been prepared
using a two-step procedure. The initial step started with the preparation of CZT(S,Se) powder
using the hydrothermal technique which was heat-treated at annealing temperatures of 400°C,
600°C, and 800°C, whereas the second step is the fabrication of CZT(S,Se) thin films using a
spin coating process. The XRD result showed that the crystal structure of all films was
polycrystalline kesterite phase. At 800 °C, CZTS and CZTSe thin films crystallite size was
15.47 nm and 25.4 nm respectively. According to AFM results, particle size and (RMS) of
CZT(S,Se) film increased with increasing annealing temperature when the grain size is directly
associated with temperature. The morphological properties using FE-SEM showed that the
CZT(S,Se) thin films were compact with more densely packed grains at the highest annealing
temperature. The direct band gaps for CZTS and CZTSe estimated by Tauc’s equation were
(1.73 and 1.68) eV; (1.66 and 1.59) eV; (1.56 and 1.53) eV at 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C
respectively. The energy gap of CZT(S,Se) materials is not far off the optimum value for the
greatest solar cell efficiency. Hall measurements revealed that all of the samples were p-type.

The lowest value of resistivity was found to be 0.031 Ω.cm for CZTS at 800°C and 0.0191
Ω.cm for CZTSe at the same annealing temperature.

In this work, we study an impulsive mathematical model proposed by Ndaïrou et al [1]to
describe the dynamics of COVID-19 model. To improve our understanding of this biological
phenomenon that has emerged in China in recent years and then spread throughout the world.
Has resulted in the death of millions of people. We the existence and uniqueness of the model
for show that the model has the unique solution by using and proving some theorems. These
theories help us to establish the patient's condition and its recovery in a hurry.

The novel coronavirus outbreak reached pandemic status in March-2020. Since then, many countries have collaborated in the fight against COVID-19. The main objective of these governments is the rapid and effective identification of COVID-19-positive patients. While many molecular tests currently exist, not all hospitals have immediate access to these. However, X-rays, which are easily accessible in the majority of hospitals, provide different ways to detect COVID-19. This article discusses the use of neural networks for the classification of radiographic images of patients with pneumonia and COVID-19. Precision, Recall, and F1-score were used to select the best resizing parameters and adaptive equalization of the brightness histogram of images, as well as the optimal architecture of the neural network and its hyperparameters. The high values of these classification quality metrics obtained accuracy (97%) for patients with COVID-19, and accuracy (99%) for patients with pneumonia. These results strongly indicate a reliable differentiation of radiographic images. This opens up the possibility of creating a model with good predictive ability without involving ready-made complex models and preliminary training on third-party data.

In this paper, we investigate the stability of an impulsive mathematical model for a biological
phenomenon that caused millions of people to die in these recent years, and it is the
phenomenon of the COVID-19 epidemic, which first appeared in Wuhan, China. In this study
we are working on the system that was proposed by Ndaïrou et al [1] to define the dynamics of
COVID-19 model. For the stabilization study we use the direct and indirect Lyapunov method.
Before we start a study, we must find all the critical points of the system. For more study, we
perturbation the system by adding very small positive quantities, because in finding critical
points we have three free variables in case of perturbation, can work on more points. It
physically means that we can control a patient's condition and reduce the number of dead and
injured recovering.

In this article a fourth order differential boundary value problem is solved using a mesh less
collocation method. The efficiency of the proposed methods is illustrated by solving problems
with some examples of a polynomial and Non polynomial exact solutions and by using
Conjugate gradient method and Conjugate gradient Least square algorithms and the numerical
stability is verified by using a noise for the input boundary data.

For the past ten years, copper-based quaternary chalcogenide semiconductor materials have also been studied and classified in a variety of ways. The majority of research and academic works on quaternary chalcogenides are devoted to solar cell PV studies, where, as the material first gained popularity as a less expensive option in contrast to Si for Solar PV systems. . Such components have all of the desirable characteristics for becoming an effective PV material in the thin films or nanomaterials configuration, like effective and non-toxic unique materials, effective charge carrier, best possible energy band, as well as higher adsorption co-effectiveness. Cu2MIMIIX4 (where X = S or/and Se; MII = Si, Sn, and Ge; MI = Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cd, and Hg) is a new class of quaternary materials that has just emerged and found use in electrochemistry, thermal, sensor systems, power banks, and some other technologies. The unique combination characteristics of this class of chalcogenides, like optoelectronic and electrical; magnetic and optoelectronic; as well as thermo-electric, make their potentially useful importance for a variety of usages. Even though many of the papers have already covered the PV characteristics of such quaternary chalcogenides, this material has many various uses that remain investigated. This article touches on the multi-functional systems of novel dissimilar quaternary copper-based chalcogens, including the fabrication, the doping impact on their physical and chemical characteristic, and their use in many applications, including solar cells.

The interest of researchers in the subject of biometrics has increased, which has opened new horizons in people identification systems, and one of these measurements is the contactless palm print. Identification of people through a contactless palm print is very important in the process of identifying terrorists and criminals whose faces are often covered. Therefore, a contactless palm print recognition system has been proposed through two pre-processing methods using a neural network. A Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) filter was used in the first processing of the data stage as well as the normalization method. The system was applied to several databases, including the standard Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD) ones, and those collected from the Computer Department, College of Science, University of Diyala, After the process of data division, training and testing, the proposed system reached satisfactory results compared to previous work, and the accuracy was 99.95.

In this paper, we introduced the concept of generalized derivations of an algebraic structure namely BF-algebras and studied some of its basic properties. Moreover, some results that concern on the kernel of the generalized derivations of a BF-algebras are presented. Furthermore, we studied the concept of torsion free on a BF-algebras.

Indoles are important heterocyclic molecules modified by many researchers to a lot of derivatives used in all the fields of the life including medical, therapeutic and industrial application. This work is continuous effort to what was began before aiming to the synthesis of benzo indole derivatives by coupling with some amino acids core including alanin, valine and tryptophanvia Schiff reaction in order to find new potential anticancer agents. Schiff reaction happen between aldehyde and amine groups so that benzo indole (1, 1, 2-trimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indole) (1) need a instead of to functionalization to create two aldehyde groups by treatment with phosphoryl chloride (POCl3), this treatment yield the precursors 2-(1,1-dimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indol-2(3H)-ylidene) malonaldehyde (2), which is capable of applying Schiff reaction. The 3D investigation of the precursors shows the aldehyde group close to the methyl group is under steric hindrance, so that it needs longer time for coupling with amino acids from the other aldehyde group. This property allow the control of the coupling,there for it is possible to synthesize both the coupling so that we could synthesis both mono and di-substituted through the reaction of the precursors 2-(1, 1-dimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indol-2(3H)-ylidene) malonaldehyde (2) with each mentioned aromatic amines. As a results, four pure compounds have been synthesized and characterized using both 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Two of the products are proven to have a good ability in a human liver cancer cell line HepG2 inhibition at the optimize temperature degree 37Cº within the 24 hours period which makes them a potential anticancer agents.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder categorized by rise blood glucose with a disturbance in the use of carbohydrates, fats and proteins resulting from a deficiency in the secretion of the insulin or the action of insulin or both. The current study aimed to estimation of Vaspin and some biochemical parameters included insulin, fasting blood glucose(FBG), HbA1c, urea, creatinine, Triglyceride(TG), Total Cholesterol(TC), High-density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)in blood of type2 diabetic patients, and determining the change of the ratio in patients comparing with healthy people.The serum vaspin level in patients group was significantly lower than that of the healthy subjects (p<0.05). The serum insulin levels in patients were higher than of healthy subjects but without significant differences (p>0.05). There were a significant difference of serum FBG, HbA1c and urea levels in patients compared to controls (p<0.05), while creatinine level was increased non significantly (p>0.05). The levels of TC, TG, LDL and VLDL were elevated significantly in patients when compared with controls (p<0.05), while HDL was diminished non significantly in patients compared to controls. There was no significant links between serum vaspin and insulin concentrations with FBG, HbA1C, CRP, urea, creatinine, TC, TG, LDL, HDL, and VLDL levels. Vaspin had lowest area under curve (AUC 393. ) and sensitivity ( 68.3) in ROC curve.