Al.Qadisiyah journal for the Sciences of Physical Education

The difficult playing situations faced by badminton players, as observed by the researcher through his experience as a player, referee, coach, and observer of badminton matches, reveal a tendency for players to easily lose points towards the end of sets. Through necessary tests, it was found that players exhibit weaknesses in their endurance, particularly speed, strength, and power endurance, leading to fatigue towards the end of a set. This, in turn, impairs their ability to perform the spiking skill effectively, reducing their performance level, decreasing their focus, causing them to lose points, and ultimately resulting in defeat.

As for the research methodology, the researcher used the experimental method with a single group design to suit the nature of the research problem. The researcher identified the population represented by the badminton clubs of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate for the 2019-2020 season. The number of clubs was (5) clubs, and the research sample was chosen by simple random method, which is Al-Siniyah Club, and the number of sample members was (6). The researcher conducted homogeneity for the research sample. As for the field research procedures, they were for the purpose of determining the skill test for the jump spike in badminton through observation. The pre-tests were conducted for the research sample on (Saturday) corresponding to 4/1/2020. After completing the application of the special endurance exercises on the research sample, which took (8) weeks, the post-test was conducted on the research sample, as it was applied to advanced badminton players in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate and on the sports hall at Al-Qadisiyah University.

This research aims to identify the level of sports knowledge interference among third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Qadisiyah University, by developing a reliable, valid, and discriminatory sports knowledge interference scale. It also aims to create a guidance program based on cognitive flexibility to address this interference among students. The research problem stems from the observation that students suffer from anxieties related to sports knowledge interference due to conflicting ideas. Many students perform at a level that does not reflect their skill and academic abilities, nor does it align with their interaction and responses. This leads to negative thoughts and other undesirable psychological phenomena that interfere with the students' academic and skill capabilities. The researcher defined the study population and sample as third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Qadisiyah University, and also consulted students from other colleges of physical education and sports sciences at universities in the Middle Euphrates region to develop the scale. A total of 504 students were selected. The researcher used an experimental design (control group and experimental group with pre- and post-testing) as it was suitable for the nature of the research. The experiment was implemented over nine weeks, with two sessions per week, totaling 18 sessions. The program integrated various methods and techniques through a number of scientifically designed sessions and activities aimed at developing students' meta-emotional skills. The findings indicate that the sports Knowledge Interference Scale used in the research was effective in addressing the students' mathematical knowledge interference, and the program developed for the students proved successful in resolving this interference. Recommendations include utilizing the sports Knowledge Interference Scale and implementing the guidance program, based on cognitive flexibility, with other university students and applying it to both team and individual sports. Statistical methods used included the arithmetic mean, median, Torsion coefficient,t-test, Pearson's coefficient, Cronbach's coefficient, and coefficient of variation.

Abstract
This study aimed to identify the level of skill follow-up and the quality of administrative performance among Scout leaders holding the Wooden Badge in the Middle Euphrates Governorates (Karbala, Babil, Najaf, Qadisiya, and Muthanna). It also aimed to identify the correlation between follow-up and some components of administrative performance quality by developing measures of follow-up and administrative performance quality, following scientific steps for developing measures. This study aims to serve the scientific movement and to uphold the Scouting movement, its goals, and its principles
Key words : (follow-up, executive quality, health commitment)

In light of the rapid development of team sports, the need to adopt modern training methods focused on honing skills has emerged, particularly in kabaddi, a game that has recently begun to make its way in Iraq. This study aims to demonstrate the impact of SAQ training on developing the offensive skills of Iraqi kabaddi national team players. The aim is to provide a scientific framework that contributes to developing competitive performance according to contemporary training principles. The researcher adopted a well-designed experimental approach based on two equal groups: an experimental group and a control group. Each group consisted of ten players, selected from the research community, represented by the Iraqi kabaddi national team players for the 2024-2025 sports season. The experimental group underwent a training program using SAQ training, consisting of three units per week for eight weeks. The program included complex exercises addressing elements of motor speed, agility, and transition speed, according to a carefully considered training intensity based on gradual progression and specific loading. The control group continued with the regular program.

Abstract
The study aimed to prepare exercises using the play training method in different spaces to develop performance endurance and the skills of rolling and passing for young football players. The researchers adopted the experimental method by designing two equivalent groups. The research community included players of youth clubs in the Diwaniyah Governorate, numbering (8) clubs. The research sample was chosen randomly (lottery), represented by the Intifada Sports Club, numbering (24) players. The sample was divided into two groups, each group including (12) players. Then, the pre-tests were conducted, through which homogeneity and equivalence were determined. The researchers applied the prepared exercises to the research sample members. Post-tests were conducted and the data were statistically processed using the statistical package (SPSS). The researchers concluded that the exercises had a positive impact on developing the variables under study. The researchers recommended adopting the method of training games with different spaces when preparing training programs because it is suitable for young soccer players

The cool-down phase is one of the important and sensitive phases that determines the extent of the player’s success in achieving the best times during various tournaments. The effectiveness of running (5000 meters) is one of the competitions that requires physical elements and physiological adaptations at a high level. est strategy for cool-down on some physiological variables and the achievement of running 5000 meters. The study aimed to prepare training in the two methods of gradual - fixed apical cool-down) and to identify its effect on the study variables. The researcher used the experimental method in the style of two equivalent experimental groups to suit the nature of the research for the youth players of the clubs of Diwaniyah Governorate (Afak - Nafar -) in track and field in long-distance running (running 5000 meters), whose number was (10) competitors. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups with (5) competitors for each group after the two groups were equal in the study variables after conducting the pre-tests. The first experimental group was subjected to a gradual calming strategy, while the second experimental group was subjected to a fixed or regular calming strategy. The two experimental groups were subjected to training for the 5000 meter running event in the special preparation stage, and the training period was for (8) weeks, with (3) training units per week. Through the results, the researcher concluded that significant results appeared in the post-tests for the physiological study variables and the achievement of running 5000 meters for both experimental groups, in favor of the first experimental group in the study variables.

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

t
Advancement in the educational process requires educators to identify the best teaching methods for teaching shooting skills, which are very important in handball. It is important to apply two teaching methods to determine which has a greater impact on developing certain skills. Research Problem: Does learning using the cooperative integration of segmented information method develop some shooting skills from a headstand, shooting from a high jump, and shooting from a forward fall? The goal was to identify the effect of the cooperative integration of segmented information method on improving some types of handball shooting for students.

This study aims to analyze the nature of the relationship between the level of legal understanding of football and the competencies of decision-making and tactical performance among football players, given the direct impact of these variables on the quality of individual and collective performance during competitions. A descriptive analytical method using a correlational approach was employed as the most appropriate for the study objectives. Scientifically validated tools were developed and applied to measure legal understanding, assess decision-making in simulated game situations, and evaluate tactical performance based on defined technical and tactical standards. The study sample included a group of youth players from official Iraqi clubs. Data were analyzed using a set of precise statistical techniques, including Pearson’s correlation coefficient, simple linear regression, and descriptive statistics. The results revealed that legal understanding did not show a statistically significant correlation with either decision-making or tactical performance, nor did it demonstrate sufficient explanatory power in the regression model. This indicates that theoretical legal knowledge alone is not sufficient to influence players’ behavior on the field unless it is integrated into tactical training contexts. The study recommends incorporating legal knowledge into training units and developing combined assessments that measure the interaction between legal awareness and tactical behavior.

Lower back pain and injuries are among the most common health problems in volleyball players due to the nature of the game, which involves repeated and high-impact movements on the spine. This study aims to investigate the effect of a preventive training program designed specifically to reduce lower back injuries among volleyball players in the Middle Euphrates clubs during the period from 2024 to 2025. The research followed an experimental approach involving a sample of 40 players divided into two groups (experimental and control). The training plan included strengthening exercises, stretching, balance enhancement, and pre-play preparation techniques. The results showed a significant reduction in the frequency and severity of injuries in the experimental group compared to the control group, confirming the effectiveness of the applied preventive training program.

The importance of this research lies in highlighting the role played by performance groups as essential elements in sports festivals and graduation ceremonies, contributing to an atmosphere of joy and enjoyment. Furthermore, the fluidity and synchronized movements during these performances enhance the aesthetic appeal and increase the overall enjoyment of the shows The research problem lies in the absence of a physical performance team to perform acrobatic movements at festivals, despite the importance of these movements and the aesthetic appeal they add. This is due to the fact that the selection of such teams is often based on the personal experience of the coach without clear scientific criteria, and also the difference The varying levels of difficulty of the acrobatic movements, and the fact that some of these movements are not included in the curriculum of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences due to the difficulty of learning and performing them, led to the need to develop a structured educational program for teaching these movements and selecting talented individuals capable of performing them correctly. The aim of this research is to identify some suitable physical and motor tests for selecting the college's acrobatic team. Preparing an educational curriculum to teach some acrobatic movements in gymnastics. The researchers used the experimental method in the single group style. The research population was represented by second-year students who wished to represent the college team, and their number was (14) students. After they underwent the tests, the values ​​of the grades were divided into three levels, where the level (good, average) was adopted Thus, the number of sample members became (6) students, and the two researchers concluded that educational and physical exercises contribute to improving motor control and neuromuscular coordination, which was reflected positively on the level of skill achievement.