Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences

The present study has been conducted at the lab. And green house of date palm
research central Basrah University to evaluate the efficiency of Bacillus subtilis in
date palm plantlets growth promoting, as well as, their effect on salt stress tolerance for treated date palm plants; during the season of 2016-2017. Results of lab.
Experiments revealed the ability of B.subtilis to grow on various salt concentrations ,the colony forming units were 0.55, 0.44 and 0.43×108
cfu/ml of examined conc. Of 5, 10 and 15 ds.m-1
respectively Green house experiment showed the efficiency of B.subtilis in date palm plant growth promoting undergo the treatments
with a bove-mentioned salt concentrations, plant height ; fresh and dry weight of
both root and shoot systems were increased significantly , additionally-significant
increase of chlorophyll (a+b) contents were observed in B.subtilis treatment, compared with salt treatment only

The experiment carried out in fishes labrotary in the college of agriculture /university of Baghdad for 75 days ,of common carp Cyprinus carpio distributed randomly
with average weight 33.02gm fish on 15glass tan with dimensions of (60x40x40cm)
and on five treatments experience in three replicates (7 fishes for glass),were fed on
manufactured in labrotary with protein content between 23.62and 26.50 % and energy about 3021.45 and 3073.75 calorie/ kgm. The Results of the statistical analysis of
of cholesterol showed no significant differences between treatment T3 (139.5) and
T1, T2 and T4, which reached 146.2, 144.6 and 131.75 mg / dl respectively .The result cholesterol level checking decrease of triglycerides with increase the level of
safflower oil in diet , it was the highest value for the T1 (210.15) mg/dl and the lowest value for T5it was 100.85 mg/dl. and no significant difference (p<0.01)for high
density lipoproteins but the highest value was for T5 (49.10 mg/dl), and the result of
low density lipoprotein show increase with increase of safflower oil it was the lowest value forT5(30.85, 31.10 mg/dl) We inference from this study the possibility of
adding safflower oil, helping them control the cholesterol levels and lipoproteins in
the blood of common carp.

A field experiment was conducted under rainfed conduction of Bacrajo and Bazian
locations (Iraq-Kurdustan region) during 2015-2016 cropping season. The experiment
consisted combinations of four cutting schedules (no cut, 80, 105, and 130 Days after
sowing DAS), two barley varieties (Ibba-99 and Local variety) and two Fertilizer levels (N 40 and 80 kg .h-1
). These 16 treatment combinations were evaluated under factorial randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results revealed that
application of no cut, Ibba-99 variety and N 80 kg .ha-1 fertilizer as alone or in combinations significantly (P 0.05) increased almost all growth parameters, in most cases
led to significant (P 0.05) increases number of spike m2, number of grains spike-1
,
1000-grain weight, Harvest Index (HI), and gave the highest biological yield and
grain yield at the two locations. Cutting systems, varieties and N levels as alone or in
all possible combinations (two and three-way interaction) had significant differences
(P 0.05) effects on grain yield. The highest grain yield for (C0, Ibaa-99, N 80), (C0 x
Ibaa-99), (C0 x N 80), (Local variety x N 80) and (C0 x Ibaa-99 x N 80) were 4.351
2.447, 2.509, 4.884, 4.782, 2.523 and 5.127 t ha-1
, respectively at Bakrajo location
while at Bazyan location for (C0, Ibaa-99), (N 80, C0 x Local variety), (C0 x N 80 Local variety x N 80) and (No cut(C0) x Local variety x N 80) were 5.311, 3.814, 5.817,
5.551, 3.895, 3.938 and 6.216 tons ha-1
, respectively. The best grain yield for binary
purpose barley at three-way combinations with (C1 x Local var x N 80) were (4.043
and 5.770) t .ha-1
at Bakrajo and Bazyan locations, respectively. For that, application
of (C0 x Ibaa-99 x N 80) and (C0 x Local variety x N 80) combinations at Bakrajo and
Bazyan locations, respectively may be the best combination to achieve high grain in
quantity, while (C1 x Local variety x N 80) at the two locations for binary purpose
barley may be the best option to achieve desired grains yield and forage yield in
quantity under guaranteed rained Iraq-Kurdustan region.

This study was carried out in the College of Agriculture / University of Karbala in
2017, where a diagnostic key was developed to separate the Iraqi genus of wasps in
the superfamily Vespoidea of Hymenoptera in the insect families Vespidae, Mutillidae, Scoliidae, based on the most important characteristics of the mouth parts (Labrum, Mandiable and Maxillae) .In males and females of some genus. The important
parts of the mouth parts used in the diagnosis of these species were photographed.
Five genus were diagnosed in males and four genus in females were registered previously. (Vespa Linnaes 1758 and Polistes Latreille within the Vespidae family), Scoliida Fabricius and Campsomeriella Betrem (Scoliidae family) and Trogaspidia Ashmea (Mutillidae).

The experiment was carried out in the certified nursery for producing citrus
seedlings which belongs to Ministry of Agriculture/ Directorate General of
Horticulture and Forests in the holy province of Karbala/ Alhndia town during two
growing seasons (2016-2017( and (2017-2018) Speed up the growth of rootstock of
citrus (Citrus spp.) under the effect of the organic fertilizer and its extract and
chemical fertilizer. The experiment was conducted using rrandomized complete
block design with three factors: the first factor rootstock is three (Sour orange,
swingle citrumelo and Volkamerian), the second factor fertilization with three rates
of organic fertilizer (0, 5, 10, 15%) (V: V ) of soil weight and the third factor
spraying with organic extract and chemical fertilizer (N-P-K) )42- 42 -42( at the same
concentration (0.5%) in addition to the control level to become three levels of the
third factor. Results showed that there was a significant different between citrus
rootstocks, where sour orange was superior in diameter of stem character 4354
and 5363 ml (in the first and second seasons), anatomical character 2343ml (in the
second season only) Swingle citrumelo rootstock was superior in the high of
seedling 93and 90 cm (in the first and second seasons) and Volkamerlemon rootstock
in number of leaves72 and 324 leave. plant-1
and dry weight of vegetative growth
32342 and 5539: g (in the first and second seasons) and fresh weight of vegetative
growth 52382 g (in the second season only). the organic fertilizer and spraying with
chemical fertilizer at level of 15% was superior to the control treatment in all studied
characteristics.

Experiments were conducted to to examine the ability of biological seed treatments reduce the Soybean Cyst Nematode and the incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome. Biological seed treatments included systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-
Saponin, Bacterial metabolite, Bacillus firmus, Burkholderia renojensis, B. subtilis,
and untreated seeds as control treatments. These seed treatments included four treatments included seed with no treatment (untreated seed), H. glycines alone, Fusarium
virguliforme alone, and H. glycines + F. virguliforme. Tests included the standards
Abamectin and Fluopyram. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete
block design with five replications. Parameter measured included effects on plant
growth, nematode life stage development and the incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome. At 60 days, the biological seed treatments produced no significant negative
plant growth effects. Treatments that included bacterial metabolite and SAR-Saponin
significantly reduced H. glycines, cyst, juveniles, and eggs compared to the control.
SAR-Saponin, and bacterial metabolite were statistically similar to the standards
abamectin and fluopyram. Foliar disease was more severe in the treatments that included H. glycines compared with F. virguliforme than F. virguliforme alone. Foliar
disease index reduced in treatments with saponin product compared to control in the
bacterial metabolite and SAR-Saponin treatments respectively. Saponin and bacterial
metabolite have shown potential for Sudden Death Syndrome and soybean cyst
nematode management

A field experiment was performed at research area of College of Agricultural Sciences-University of Sulaimani, during the winter season of 2014-2015, to study the
response of two (Mithe and EP 101) fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) varieties to different level of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40 and 80 kg N ha-1
) for yield and its
components. The results of experiment showed the highest seed yield and all traits
were obtained by Mithe variety and 40kg N ha-1
produce highest seed yield and yield
component. The highest seed yield for most of traits were obtained by interaction between Mithe variety and 40kg N ha-1
in comparison with the interaction between EP
101 variety and 40kg N ha-1

An experiment was conducted on tomato plant cv. (Dombito hybrid ) during the
season of 2016/2017 in unheated plastic houses at Al-Kufa Technical Institute, the
Governorate of Najaf. Experiment was included 16 interacted treatments composed
four treatmentas (0, 30, 60 and 90 g.m
2
) of Humat potassium granules (Pow humus)(T) as a source of humat in concentration of (85%) and four treatments (0, 20,
40 and 60 kg. Dunum) of potassium(A) via using potassium nitrate (KNO3) as a
source of potassium in concentration (46.6%). Potassium nitrate and potassium
Humat were added at four periods to study its effect on chemical properties of tomato
plant fruits which included percentage of: TSS, vitamin C and total acidity percenatge
of fruit for four pickings (3,6 ,9 and 12).
The experiment was performed according to the Split-Plot-Design with three
replicates, Means were compared according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the
probability level of 0.05
Results showed that, the addition of potassium humat (T) and the addtion of
potassium nitates (A) in all treatments were significantly increased in comparison
with control treatment for all chemical characterstics of tamoto fruit and for all
pickings. Results also cleared that interaction between (T) and (A) treatments were
revealed a significant increas in (t4 a4) and (t4 a3) in comparsion with all treatments
including the control treatment for all chemical characteristics and for all pickings,
where the highest value was in the 12th picking of( 8.3 % and 28.9 mg.100 g.) of fruit
for TSS and vitamin C . , respectiviely, while control treatment for the same
charcatreistcs gave the lowest value of 6.2 % and 11.7 mg.100 g. of fruit for TSS and
vitamin C., respectiviely. Results of the total acidity percentage were significantly
variable in all pickings and significantly increased in coparsion with the control
treatment.

An experiment conducted at the Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station,- Faculty of
Agricultural Sciences, during the fall season of 2011- to study the response of four
maize genotypes (SC 301, Mar Ket , Talar and Cadiz) to the temperature and light
intensity under field and greenhouse conditions. Obtain all genotypes from different
sources (IRAN, Turky, Local and, Turky). Randomized complete block design
(RCBD) and complete randomized design (CRD) were used with four replications for
field and greenhouse experiments , respectively. Light intensity measured by PHYWE-type- LUX meter. Shading used for diminishing over heat. Light- bulbs used for
balancing light interception inside the greenhouse .Result showed significant differences among maize genotype under field conditions in their response to the temperature and light intensity in studied vegetative growth traits except plant height and
chlorophyll content which measured in post-silking. There were significant differences in accumulated numbers of Crop heat unit among genotypes, in which genotype SC 301 needed minimum numbers of Crop heat unit (2121.6) , while genotype
Talar needed maximum numbers of Crop heat unit (2346.625) and there were differences in the distribution pattern of the accumulated heat units on the growth stages of
the genotypes. There were significant differences among four maize genotypes in the
rate of leaf appearance across the growth season, and in the number of Crop heat unit
required for phyllochron in different stages of growth , and the superiority was to
genotype Talar compared to other genotypes. The significant exceeding of genotype
Talar also was in Leaf Area Index due to larger numbers of leaves.

The present study is carried out to investigate the reproductive activity of mature
Local bull and effect of age’s changes on the testes activity by using Testis Volume
Density (VD%) and Relative Weight (RW, g\kg body weight) of Tissue components
of seminiferous tubules. Seventy-two testes of the healthy bull (age: 1-4year) were
taken from the Sulaimani slaughterhouse in November 2016. The length and width of
the right testis were measured after slaughtering, and testes weights were also taken,
then the epididymis carefully dissected. The diameters of testicular seminiferous
tubules were also measured. The present study demonstrated a significant increased
(p<0.05) in weight (221.5±6.4gm), length (15.00±0.57cm), width (6.33±0.33cm) and
testes circumference (19.00±0.01cm) in age 4th
-year-old compared to other ages. The
diameter of epididymis (p<0.05) increased significantly in 2nd, 3rd and 4th age old for
total length and head of epididymis (Caput) compared to 1st
-year. The diameter of the
seminiferous tubules demonstrated higher (p<0.05) significant in thickness at 4th
ages. The increase in spermatogenesis process leads to increase the diameter and
thickness of seminiferous. The results showed that the degenerative changes in germ
cells are associated with histomorphometric variations, including the density of the
structures that comprise the testicular parenchyma, and are they representative in
bulls with poor semen quality at an early age. In addition, the unsatisfactory bulls for
reproduction showed reduced meiotic potential at 1st
-year compared to that of
satisfactory reproductive bulls, especially at 3 and 4 years old in Sulaimani province

An experiment conducted at the Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station,- Faculty of
Agricultural Sciences, during the fall season of 2011- to study the response of four
maize genotypes (SC 301, Mar Ket , Talar and Cadiz) to the temperature and light
intensity under field and greenhouse conditions. Obtain all genotypes from different
sources (IRAN, Turky, Local and, Turky). Randomized complete block design
(RCBD) and complete randomized design (CRD) were used with four replications for
field and greenhouse experiments , respectively. Light intensity measured by PHYWE-type- LUX meter. Shading used for diminishing over heat. Light- bulbs used for
balancing light interception inside the greenhouse .Result showed significant differences among maize genotype under field conditions in their response to the temperature and light intensity in studied vegetative growth traits except plant height and
chlorophyll content which measured in post-silking. There were significant differences in accumulated numbers of Crop heat unit among genotypes, in which genotype SC 301 needed minimum numbers of Crop heat unit (2121.6) , while genotype
Talar needed maximum numbers of Crop heat unit (2346.625) and there were differences in the distribution pattern of the accumulated heat units on the growth stages of
the genotypes. There were significant differences among four maize genotypes in the
rate of leaf appearance across the growth season, and in the number of Crop heat unit
required for phyllochron in different stages of growth , and the superiority was to
genotype Talar compared to other genotypes. The significant exceeding of genotype
Talar also was in Leaf Area Index due to larger numbers of leaves.

Field experiment was carried out in Babylon / AL-Musseib during (2017) season to
study the effect of leaves spraying with Multiple ABA concentrations on some
characters of vegetative growth and yield of Lashata cotton cultivar under the effect
of water stress.
Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three replicates according to split
plot arrangement. The study included four irrigation periods ( 10,15, 20, 25 days)
between each irrigation time ( Main Plots ) while ABA spray concentrations
(0,40,80,120) μM occupy the ( Sub plots ). The results showed presence of significant
differences in studied characters with ABA spray, So 80 μM of ABA predominate
and gave the highest plant height 93.07 cm and vegetative branches number 4.12
branches.plant-1
, total boll number 13.35 bolls. Plant-1
, seed cotton yield 34.02 gm.
Plant-1
, also there is significant differences among irrigation periods, as irrigation
treatment each 10 days gave the highest average plant height 91.54 cm , number of
sympodial branches 12.77 branch.plant-1
, number of open bolls 12.74 bolls . plant-1
,
seed number per bolls 24.95 seed.bolls-1
and seed cotton yield 33.75 gm.plant-1
.
Interaction between irrigation periods and ABA spray concentration had a significant
effect on the studied characters whereas irrigation treatment of every 10 days with
ABA sprays of 80 micromole concentration.

This research was conducted in private orchard located at Husseiniya /Karbala
province. For the period from mid- March 2016 until a mid –july2016.to study the
effect of spraying growth regulators GA3 ,IAA and BA with concentrations
(50,100,100,mg.l-1
) sequentially in olive seedling for cultivars Ashresi and Nabali
after individualization In addition to the Treatment of water- only comparison. Olive
seedling were sprayed with growth regulator from 15/3/2015 to 15/7/2016 between
spray and another 30 days using (RCBD) design with four replicates. Results showed
that all spray treatment with growth regulator only or incombin led to a significant increase in vegetative growth characteristics the plant height , stem diameter, number
of branches, length of the branch , leaf area and the percentage of dry matter. The
interaction treatments is also excelled (GA3+IAA) and treatment.(GA3+BA)giving it
the highest of the branch leaf area as it reached (27.37,81.56,11.51,8.22) respectively.

This study aimed Chaetomium sp. were evaluated in control of the pathogens. The
results showed that presence of the fungi: Cladosporum oxysporum, Fusarium spp. in
the infected roots of tomato plants. The results of the pathogenicity test displayed that
the fungus Cladosporium oxysporum reduced the germination rate of cabbage seeds
to 35.55% and Fusarium spp to 42.22 % compared with the control (cabbage seeds
only) that was 93%. Further identification of C. oxysporum fungus based on its
molecular characteristics confirmed this fungus as first record causing root rot disease
of tomato plant in Iraq. Also, the biological agents T. harzianum and Chaetomium sp.
achieved high inhibition percentage against C oxysporum. Additionally, the results
showed that the treatment of the biological factor Chaetomium spp was the best in
reduction of the root rot disease severity (8.33 %), followed by the treatment of the
T. harzianum with (16.66%) while the treatments of T.harzianum and were 25% for
each compared to the control ( C.oxysporum alone) that was 75%. All treatments
demonstrated a significant increase of soft and dry weight of the root and root length
compare with C.oxysporum only treatment

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of creatine or organic acid
or their blend in the ration of Awassi lambs. A total number of 28 lambs were
distributed into 4 equal treatments: T1:control ; T2: organic acid (3kg.ton-1
feed) ; T3:
creatine (1.2 kg.ton-1
feed )T4: a blend of organic acid (Kg.ton-1
) and creatine (0.6
kg/ton). The experiment was designed according to the CRD design to demonstrate
the impact of these additions on some cellular and biochemical blood parameters of
fattening Awassi lambs, blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein in three
periods (when the experiment started, 45 days and 90 days). The statistical analysis
showed no significant differences in the means of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin
(Hb) and Hematocrit (PCV) for the three periods of blood parameters from Awassi
lambs, while significant differences (P <0.05) in white blood cell (WBC) count were
observed, and it was significantly increased in all lambs that were fed on a mixture of
organic acids and creatine (T4) as well as in lambs fed on creatine only (T3), while
the lowest values were observed in lambs with the second treatment (T2), which were
fed on organic acids only. As for blood biochemistry criteria, a significant effect (P
<0.01) in the second drawn in the concentration of triglycerides and urea and also the
total protein in the third drawn, while no such differences were found in the
concentrations of glucose and cholesterol