Sawa Medical Journal

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the most difficult problems in reproductive health since
effective treatments are rarely accessible and its causes are frequently unclear.To identify the independent
culture vaginal microbiota of recurrent aborted women by sequencing 16S ribosomal RNA
.Vagina
specimens were collected from recurrent abortion women . Multiplex PCR technique was performed
based 16S RNA gene to identify the uncultured bacteria. The DNA sequencing method was performed
using Sanger's method and phylogeny for mutation analysis by using NCBI BLAST analysis.
Megasphera,
Atopobium, Mobiluncus, Erysipelothrix, Catibacterium, and Bifdobacterium were
diagnosed . This alignment study revealed the 16S ribosomal RNA gene's substitution mutations and
nucleotide alignment similarities across isolates . Phylogenetic tree analysis of local isolates related to
NCBI-BLAST showed genetic relationship with some variation or subsituation of nitrogen bases of
target nucleotides. The maternal vaginal microbiome has an important role in the recurrent pregnant loss
etiology

The study was conducted to assess the suitability of Al-Rumaytha River water for human use and to
evaluate the efficiency of drinking water from Al-Samawah Pump (1) and Al-Samawah Pump (2), located
on the river, for providing drinking water. Samples were collected from January to June 2024. The study
included measuring pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium,
chlorides, turbidity, sodium, and potassium. The results showed that the pH was generally alkaline across
all months of the study. It was also found that the total hardness of drinking water was approaching the
globally permissible maximum limit. The results also indicated that the levels of magnesium, sodium,
potassium, and turbidity in drinking water were within the World Health Organization's specifications. As
for the electrical conductivity and chlorides, they were high and exceeded the globally permissible limit.

The autoimmune condition identified as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been associated to the death
of pancreatic β-cells. In this study, Iraqi children with type 1 diabetes had their metabolic and serological
signs of CVB infection evaluated. Techniques: From the end of 2023 to the beginning of 2024, Al
Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital carried out a case-control study. 56 youngsters with T1DM who received
clinical diagnoses between the ages of 3 and 15 were included. qRT-PCR targeting VP1 was used to
detect CVB RNA. Enzymatic and HPLC techniques were used for calculating glycated hemoglobin
(HbA1c), random blood sugar (RBS), and fasting serum glucose (FSG). ELISA was used to identify anti
glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies.
Results: 20/56 (35.7%) samples had CVB RNA. RBS (268.9 ± 37.19 vs. 223.47 ± 30.23 mg/dL, p=0.001),
HbA1c (11.75 ± 2.18% vs. 9.83 ± 2.40%, p=0.004), and anti-GAD antibodies (168.08 ± 31.74 vs. 133.06
± 16.94 pg/mL, p=0.001) seemed all increased in patients with CVB. According to the logistic regression,
anti-GAD had a positive correlation with both FSG (r=0.53, p=0.002) and HbA1c (r=0.59, p=0.001).
Conclusion: Rising autoimmunity and reduced glycemic control were significantly linked to CVB
infection. Their function as biomarkers for illness progression can be seen by the reality that elevated
anti-GAD levels coincided with metabolic decline. The significance of combined serological and
metabolic examinations in the management of type 1 diabetes is made apparent by the possibility that
persistent CVB infection can both cause and exacerbate autoimmune diabetes.

The rate of infection and genetic diversity of Coxsackievirus B (CVB) in pediatric and teenagers with
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) were examined in a cross-sectional molecular study carried out at Al
Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital between November 2023 and February 2024. Finding current CVB
genotypes and assessing their relationship with diabetes with young onset were the targets.
A total of 56 adolescents and children with T1DM participated in the study. Blood samples were used to
obtain viral RNA, which was then transformed into complementary DNA (cDNA). To verify the presence
of CVB RNA, the conserved part of the VP1 capsid gene was amplified using quantitative real-time PCR
(qRT-PCR). Sanger sequencing and nested PCR were used to genotype the positive samples. SPSS v26.0
was used for statistical analysis.
Results revealed CVB RNA in 20/56 patients (35.7%). The mean age of CVB-positive cases (7.34 ± 3.42
years) was significantly lower than CVB-negative patients (10.78 ± 3.37 years). The 1–5-year age group
had the highest positivity rate (45%). Infections were more common among females (60%) and rural
residents (55%). VP1 sequencing identified three genotypes: CVB3 (50%), CVB1 (30%), and CVB4
(20%). Sequence comparison demonstrated high nucleotide homology (99.26–99.87%) between Iraqi
isolates and reference strains in GenBank.
Conclusions: This study showed that several genotypes (B1, B3, and B4) common in Iraqi children with
type 1 diabetes had a high prevalence of CVB infection. Younger children had higher infection rates,
which lends trust to the idea that early viral exposure can cause autoimmunity.

A new, simple, rapid, sensitive, selective, and accurate method for the spectrofluorimetric determination
of Chloramphenicol (CAP) in different pharmaceutical preparations. Chloramphenicol as active antibiotic
is widely used in the treatment the diseases. The spectrofluorimetric method is based on the
chloramphenicol affect the fluorescence quenching of methanol, methanol is fluorescence solvent with
the wavelength at λex. 273 and λem. 322 nm. The working range is 1-10 µg mL-1. Limit of detection (LOD),
and limit of quantification (LOQ) are 0.21 ppm, and 0.65 ppm, respectively, the recoveries range 99.8%
101.4%. The method was successfully applied to determine the (CAP) quantity in its pharmaceutical
preparations (Eye drops, Ointments and Capsules).

Background: Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are protein-building
ingredients that may be derived from dietary sources or via the protein synthesis process. Protein synthesis
employs a set of twenty-two isotropic amino acids. Although twenty of these 22 amino acids are required for
protein synthesis, the other eighteen are mostly used as building blocks for other proteins.
Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the amino acids arginine, taurine, and tryptophan
on human neutrophil functions in patients with renal failure.

Background: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a non-inflammatory cytokine, and has a positive association with
periodontitis. IL-10 (rs1800871) polymorphisms in the IL-10 site have been linked with variable
expression. Aim: Goal of this search was to study a link amidst the polymorphisms of these genes and
deep-seated of gum disease in Iraqi patients. Methods: 120 blood specimen were collected, 60 of which
were from patients with chronic periodontitis and 60 from healthy controls for comparison. Polymerase
chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR) for purpose of analyze IL-10 (rs1800871).
Chi-square test was used to statistically analyze the data. Problems related to individual alleles, genotypes,
and phenotypes were identified by various logistic regression test to determine odds ratio (OR) and 95%
confidence interval (CI). P < 0.05 is significant. Results: Prevalence of TC, CC genotypes of IL10‑819
were importantly various amidst CP and healthy in simile with TT genotype (OR = 9.72; CI = 3.36–24.4;
P = 0.001 for C vs. TT, OR = 5.41; CI = 1.8–8.14; P < 0.001 for TC vs. TT). In addendum, themes with
at minimum one IL10‑819‑C allele were importantly had high danger for CP (OR = 6.2; CI = 3.52–10.8;
P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results concluded the IL-10 gene polymorphism (-819T/C) is potential to
be a danger agent for chronic periodontitis in Iraqi patients.

Objective :The present study was conducted to detect P gingivalis by culture and molecular method from
clinical oral infection sample. Method: hundred fifty (150) paper point were collected from periodontitis
patients who attended to specific dental health center and outpatient clinics of dentistry in Al-Hillah
city/ Iraq during the duration from (April 2022 to September 2022 ) . The age of patient (5– 72)years. The
samples were collected by paper point the paper point culture on blood agar and selective media(P.
gingivalis agar (P.GING)) for isolation of P gingivalis then diagnosis conform by molecular method.
Results: The result showed that out of 150 samples 15(10%) P.gingivalis isolated from this fifteen isolate
only 7(4.66%) confirmed with molecular detection as P.gingivalis. P.gingivalis isolated in high rate
6(4%) from age group (25-35) and 4(2.66) in the age group (15-25) while only 2 (1.33%) isolate obtained
from the age group (45-55) and 3 (2%) isolate from age group (55-70). Conclusion: quantitative
evaluation, RT-PCR offers the advantage of eliminating false positives which could otherwise play
abysmal role in conventional detection techniques.

Ebola virus disease (EVD), commonly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is a viral infection that
is highly dangerous and lethal and impacts both humans and non-human primates. It is an infection caused
by viruses of the genus Ebola virus. Symptoms, in most cases, will appear 2 to 21 days after exposure,
starting with fever, sore throat, headache, and muscle pain. In the course of the infection, the patient may
experience vomiting, and diarrhea, failure of the liver and kidneys, skin rashes, and in many cases,
bleeding either internally or externally. In terms of case fatality, EVD is highly lethal, with estimated case
fatality rates of 25 to 90 percent and an average of 50 percent. Dehydration and hypovolemic shock are
the most common causes of death. For patients that receive early supportive management, survival is far
more likely, while outcome tends to worsen with delay. EVD case management is simpler with early
intervention. A milestone in prevention was reached when vaccines for Ebola virus were approved by the
US FDA in December of 2019. EVD is transmitted by direct exposure to blood, secretions, and other body
fluids of infected people or animals, through fomites, and through contact with contaminated surfaces.
Importantly, airborne transmission between humans or primates has not been documented in and out of
the laboratory setting. The Ebola virus can remain in semen and breast milk for several weeks to months
after recovery, posing a risk for post-recovery transmission. It is believed that fruit bats are the primary
asymptomatic carriers of the virus. Clinically, the Ebola virus infection is indistinguishable from malaria,
typhoid, meningitis, cholera, and other hemorrhagic fevers which necessitates laboratory confirmation
through detection of viral RNA, antigens, or antibodies for accurate diagnosis.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the infecting virus that initiates the condition acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV targets the body's immune system by attacking and destroying
CD4 T-lymphocytes, which are responsible for the body's immune system, leading to the gradual
breakdown in the immune system's strength. With the reduction in the number of functional CD4 cells,
the patient becomes increasingly susceptible to secondary infections and tumors. It is common for a person
HIV positive to take years before progressing to AIDS. HIV is classified as a retrovirus, being a member
of the family of viruses that incorporate their RNA genetic material into the DNA of the infected cell (host
cell) through a process called reverse transcription.
The first signs of the illness may often mimic flu; thereafter, the virus enters a dormant stage for a time
while continuing to damage the immune system. The person is then able to develop opportunistic
infections in addition to AIDS-defining conditions. The clinical symptoms comprise weight reduction,
chronic exhaustion, intermittent fevers, oral and genital ulcers, hyperhidrosis, skin hyperpigmentation,
and night sweats. HIV is contracted mainly through unprotected sex, sharing infected syringes or needles,
and from mother to child “vertically” during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Current global
mortality rates related to AIDS are being lessened through the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), which,
while HIV remains without a known cure, does at least significantly delay the progress of the disease.
Preventative measures and treatment are a fundamental focus in the area of global health.