Basra studies journal

The sentence is based on many pillars, and each corner performs a specific function according to its different linguistic structures. Some of them are restricted to the meaning, and others are absolute common, so the research tries to stand at the limitations of the sentence such as the objects and others, aiming to reveal the semantics of precaution in the precepts in the supplications of Al- Sahifa al-Sajjadiya. The research also attempts to shed light on the semantic meaning in the light of its connection with the semantic clues such as the presumption of attribution and specification, revealing the impact of the context in determining the significance of the text.

The researchers found that there were authorized and hidden thefts but referred to them in terms of theft indirectly.so, the researchers divided the research on this basis with clarification and explaining of Ibn Naqia’s speech and sometimes his critical ideas.

The artistic Image is the most Important rule of poetic construction, as It is the aesthetic and psychological formation of the poem. The scenes accompanied the poet within his life have profound effects on his conscience, so these feelings flow in tangible and aesthetic formulations accompanied by an emotion that the same recipient responds to automatically. To understand those emotions and feelings that the recipient responded to the poet inimitable artistic and poetic geniuses can be done by linking Imagination with the Image.

The principle of politeness is a modern linguistic deliberative principle, which Robin Lakoff reported in many articles as (the logic of politeness), through which the researcher sought to evoke the eloquent and polite aspects, which Grace did not refer to in his rules. Ethical principles govern verbal interaction, Because the verbal act is not just the utterance of certain words, it is the speaker\'s will to go to the recipient in order to accomplish the interrelationship to achieve the rules of reporting and polishing. The research aims to determine the extent to which prose discourse in the first Abbasid era has achieved the rules of the principle of politeness, and to try to discuss them in accordance with the deliberative linguistic principle.

This title sheds a light on a dual study (humanity and theology), then the concept of solutions and union in al-Hallaj’s poetry. These concepts occupied a large part of the studies of researchers in ancient and modern ones, but they differed in their understanding, due to their being thorny ideas, which led to al-Hallaj falling victim to a distorted understanding because of those concepts that were reflected in his poetic texts. The researcher, in this study, tried to find out the reality of these Sufi concepts according to what he says: his poetic text and in isolation from the historical rulings emanating from a recipient who fell captive to the predetermined formulas of takfir. The interpretive reading revealed a clarity of the existential principles in which he believed - and in particular - after linking it to the theory of existence among the Sufis. Therefore, the contents of the research and its main axes formed answers revealed the reality of the principle (existence) latent in the meanings and contexts of poetic texts for the essence of existence in its two dimensions: (absolute existence, and possible existence). It became clear that the truth of the identity of Dhat al-Hallaj as a (possible) existence in (absolute) existence. It also expressed the great relationship with the trilogy (the self, the beloved, and the language), which led the researcher to make the concept of identification with absolute existence a main title for this research.
Accordingly, the study revealed a vision that the form of existence latent under the folds of al-Hallaj\'s poetic text represented something completely different from what was drawn by the extremist intellectual projections of which al-Hallaj fell victim.

Tales of Kalila and Dimna flourished within the reality of eternal conflict. It is a struggle with the desire to possess , rather the alienation that exists in this possession. The alienation means the time of imaginary events or facts that intersect with the desire to own the homeland, psychological possession and history. In our view, the time of facts is an imaginary time to make the reader believe in his effectiveness in achieving a balance in the vision from the outside in contact with the conviction of the inside. This is meaning of the virtual time following two other times. It is the first narrative tense, which is supposed to be performed by an unknown narrator who comes to us from the present of the narrative and what the well-known writer tells is a past tense and what the well-known writer tells is a past tense. The stories move in their factual time and imbue the characteristics of the known storyteller on the subject, the subject, in fact, what concerns us , because if we speak from our point of view by presenting the overall descriptions of the clear illusion process that the controller is another person, then this falls under the penalty of attribution, and ((attribution means abandoning direct bearing of the speech. This clearly shows that the writer was governed by the support law. He jumped on that by inventing a method whereby he avoided submitting to the chain of transmission with the phrase (they claimed), which he used to use as a passport to avoid a clash. Ibn al-Muqaffa said, on the authority of the philosopher, in Bidba: “They claimed that there was a diligent, worshiping hermit in the land of Karkh. This text, despite its escaping its temporal grip, but it confirms the desire to possess the temporality of the imaginary facts that we are about to present, which suggests that these facts were intended to be compatible with the real event as a camouflage. The key was to say the famous word “they claimed” from the philosopher’s tongue. Ibn al-Muqaffa narrates his point of view through the mouth of his animals, which shape the movement of different agents in time and space through the stage of imagination and creativity that he created in his easy and simple style and the temporal and spatial movement in his stories.

Ziyad bin Abihi is one of the most powerful governors or rulers who ruled Iraq. He used cruelty and violence since his arrival to Basra in order to establish the pillars of the Umayyad state. Ziyad bin Abihi worked to reduce the authority of the tribes in Basra and limit their influence and control. He also gave orders to his police chief to kill everyone who violated the rules of Ziyad bin Abih, and Ziyad struck all those who opposed the Umayyad state and worked to expel them from Iraq by forcibly displacing them to areas far from Iraq in order to impose the control of the state on the other opposed states to the Umayyad rule.

Digital sociology considered to be a new concept in the field of digital social science, it explains the behavioral mechanism of modern society. In presence of digital technological forces, it has smart tools and it is involved with different aspects of life, like (educational, economic, social, political aspects) in accordance to digital sociological data. The effects of the new behavior of society on the new city planning especially urban land usage by incorporating the financial and digital realities in new city planning and within what would be called intelligent cities. In comparing it to weak acceptance by traditional cities to new digital sociology behavior data to society, the study reached the conclusion of the importance of direction toward urban land usage suitable for new society’s requirements.
Key Wards: Digital Sociology, Urban land use, Digital Planning, Smart digital cities.

The industry is one of the most important basic rules for economic activity, including the plastic industries, which are part of the chemical manufacturing industries. It is of great importance and its importance comes from its component that supplies the local market with the various plastic goods needs instead of importing them from abroad. It also employs number of manpower and thus contributes in improving their standard of living and contributing to the development of other economic sectors through the various products it provides to these sectors The plastic industries in Basra governorate face problems and came in varying proportions, as the problem of government support ranked first with a rate of (19.4%), then the problem of marketing ranked second with a rate of (14.8%), the problem of fuel and energy sources ranked third with a percentage of (14.3%), the problem of raw materials ranked fourth with a percentage of (11.8%) and the problem of working people ranked fifth with a rate of (9.9%), then the problem of commercial fraud ranked sixth with a rate of (8.3%), while the problem of environmental pollution ranked seventh with a rate of (7.6%), and the problem of technological backwardness came in the eighth rank, with a percentage of ( 7%), and finally, the water problem ranked ninth with a rate of (6.2%).
Keywords : industry, plastic, commodity dumping, environment, visual pollution.

The study aimed at measuring the analysis and evaluation of the quality of economic life in the city of Al-Faw according to economic indicators, like (the percentage of the population of working age, the unemployment rate, the actual dependency, the percentage of income, savings, and the population that owns private cars). It also work on knowing the levels of quality of life, and their spatial variance at the level of The neighborhoods through objective and subjective indicators and whether they are sufficient to satisfy the needs of population in the city of Faw. As well as the study is analyzing and explaining the reasons behind the varying levels of quality of life in the neighborhood cities of Al Faw district.

The current research deals with studying the educational and health services in terms of their geographical distribution and evaluation of the efficiency of their service performance in the city of Safwan. The research included two main axes for this study. All its details and the statement of its service efficiency, based on the standards adopted by the planning organizing committees in Iraq, which showed that educational institutions in the city of Safwan are not distributed in a balanced manner consistent with the number of residents of the existed residential neighborhoods. In addition, the low level of efficiency of educational services, which was reflected in the personal impression of the heads of families, and the percentage of those who agreed that the level of performance of educational services was below the acceptable conditions. The percentage reached 78.1% of the total number of housing units in the city. Also the it was clear the absence of a hospital in the city of Safwan which was limited to only one primary health care center that provides services to the residents of the city and its region.

The research aims to identify the electronic archiving systems used at university of Basra, as the documentary method was relied on to cover the subject of electronic archiving systems in terms of the concept, requirements, models and characteristics of electronic archiving systems in the theoretical aspect, and the descriptive approach and the analytical method in the practical aspect. The study community consists of (27) units of higher education institutions in Basra university that apply electronic archiving through the analysis of the questionnaire tool distributed to the employees of electronic archiving units amounting as (66) forms.
The research reached a set of results, including:
1-- Electronic archiving has been applied in institutions of higher education in the university of Basra by (27) institutions, which constitute (58.6%) of the total educational institutions in the university of Basra, which numbered as (46) educational institutions from the presidencies of universities, colleges, research centers and central libraries. Electronic archiving in some of these institutions and still using traditional archiving, which number (19) institutions, and constitutes (41.3%).
2- The electronic archiving methods that are applied in institutions of higher education at university of Basra differ, including those using the system in the electronic archiving unit, and their number is (13) institutions and constitutes a percentage of (48.1%), while some (12) institutions use the method of folders with a percentage (44.4%), while two institutions use the Access database, with a percentage of (7.5%).
As for the recommendations: The research reached a number of recommendations, including:
1- Financial, technical and administrative support must be provided to electronic archiving units in order to advance the reality of archiving and strive to develop work for the better.
2- It is necessary to cooperate with the computer units in order to set up training courses to develop the workers in these units, as well as to update and develop these systems in line with the requirements of the archival work.

The research aims at identifying the factors affecting the development of secondary schools libraries in terms of (location and building, laws and legislation, school administration, librarians, library group, and information services). Using the tools represented in the interview and observation, the researcher reached several results
1- Poor work in the legislative aspect and the law of school libraries.
2-The financial aspect: no ambitious financial disciplines available for the development of school libraries.
3- Lack of interest in the proposals and communications issued by the Libraries Department in the Ministry regarding taking into account the location and building of the library for the construction of new schools.

Language is a way to share information and connect with those around us, but machines need to understand the intricacies of language and how we, as humans, communicate to take advantage of it. This paper deals with the theoretical and practical analysis of \"economic translation\". As a process, economic translation is a multi-step, complex act of intercultural bilingual communication aimed at creating the closest \"natural equivalent\" of the target text. It is also characterized by high equivalence with the original text. Economic translation as a text is difficult to process in the same way as the original text, which is not the same due to cultural and language differences. This study reveals that the interdisciplinary nature of economic translation makes it difficult to define its status. According to the analysis, the term \"economic translation\" has a broader meaning. This is due to the fact that it works in different areas of activity (business, economy, trade, etc.). This element influences source texts of different genres and styles. The practical part of this paper is devoted to the most common problems faced by translators of economic documents. The researchers used translated abstracts of articles published in AL Eqitisadi Newsletter issued by the University of Basrah as a sample to investigate Economic translation problems and their solutions.