Hammurabi Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Acne is believed to impact around 9.4% of the global population, positioning it as the eighth most widespread condition on the globe. Objectives: to assess if BMI (among other risk variables) has an influence on severity of acne vulgaris. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 120 patients and was conducted at dermatology clinic from the 3rd of May 2023 to the 3rd of March 2024. A total of 120 patients were included. Patients sociodemographic characteristics were recorded (age and sex), as well as BMI and the following information: age of onset, smoking, excessive consumption of sweets, milk or dairy products, fats, spices, the presence of psychological stress, family history of acne, and the daily duration of sunlight exposure. All the patients were thoroughly examined by the attending dermatologist and the acne was graded into mild, moderate, and severe. Results: Statistical analysis revealed no significant association between the severity of acne and BMI. Furthermore, no significant association was found between the severity of acne and each of the following risk factors: smoking, cosmetic, milk or diary consumption, spicy diet, fatty diet and family history. Whereas higher severity was significantly associated with increased sugar consumption, stress, and more hours of sunlight exposure. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, BMI was not significantly associated with the severity of acne vulgaris. Among other dietary and lifestyle characteristics, sugar consumption, stress, and increased exposure to sunlight were predictors of severity. However, larger population sized studies are essential to validate these findings.

Background: Craniotomy can lead to certain complications like all other surgical procedures. Objectives: to examine the possible complications encountered within 30 days of operation in patients undergo craniotomy for supratentorial intracranial tumors with identifying patients at great risk for development of such complications and recording time of occurrence of it. Material and Methods: our study carried out during the period from Jan.2019-Jan. 2021 in Basrah neurosurgery center in Al-Sader teaching hospital on 60 randomly selected patients undergo elective craniotomy for supratentorial intracranial tumors and followed up for 30 days for postoperative complications especially hematoma, postoperative infections and death. Result: Postoperative complications occurred in 35% of patients with hematoma occurred in 6.7% and postoperative infection in 8.3%. Morality was 8.5%. Hematoma mostly developed during intensive care unit (ICU) observation with site of tumors can predict hematoma and death complications. Conclusion: Morbidity and mortality following elective craniotomy does not appear to depend on tumor histology, revision surgery or primary surgery, presence or absence of chronic illness but does depend on tumor location and age of patients. Morbidity rate was 35% and mortality rate was 8.5%; so elective craniotomy for supratentorial tumors carries high complications rate with postoperative hematoma and death are the most seriously encountered complications. Our study shows that most serious complications occurred in the first 24hrs and death occurred in the patients who were not recovered from anesthesia therefore, surgical judgements, technical skills and proper anesthesia play important roles in minimizing these complications.

Background: Thalassemia is a group of inherited hemoglobin illnesses characterized by insufficient production of at least one of the globin chains, resulting in irregular globin-chain output. Damaged hemoglobin finally causes anemia. higher incidence of severe infections, indicating the presence of a basic immune system deficiency that may be connected to iron excess, immunological deficiency, splenectomy, and recurrent blood transfusions all cause long-term immune activation. Objectives: Estimating the CD4 and CD8 level count in β- thalassemia major patients. Material and Methods: The Babylon Province (hereditary blood disease center) conducted a case-control study from January 2023 to April 2023. The study involved 90 patients with thalassemia major and 75 healthy controls. Flow Cytometry was used to detect the CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte cell count in the blood. Result: It was found that the CD4 T cell count in beta-thalassemia major patients was 29.51±4.39 compared to their control group's 36.53±3.76, which showed very significant differences in this study between patients and healthy group (P<0.0001). While the number of CD8 T cells seen in primary patients with beta-thalassemia was 23.15±3.34 compared to the control 32.91±5.36, which also showed a very high significant difference in this study between patients and the healthy group (P<0.0001). Conclusion: In patients with β-thalassemia major, a decrease in the count of the CD4 and CD8 compared with the healthy control group due to immune dysfunction in β-thalassemia major patients is caused by a defect in the T-lymphocyte function rather than by the decrease of absolute T-cell count.

Background: Diabetes mellitus and its consequences have been identified as important worldwide health issues. Raised TG/HDL is considered a valid sign of insulin resistance. It increases the risk of CVD by developing insulin resistance and affecting the vessel wall. Detecting elevated TG/HDL ratios and intervening early, before individuals acquire clinical illness, can help mitigate the long-term implications of CVD. Objectives: detection of interrelationships with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease by insulin resistance and triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio. Material and Methods: All subjects of this study were collected between January 2022 and September 2022. The target population of this study was one hundred (50 patients and 50 healthy people) enrolled. The age range of these subjects was 45–65 years. The patient group in the current study included people with type 2 diabetes mellitus without any systemic chronic disease. Patients with diabetic complications, renal and hepatic diseases, cardiovascular complications, T1DM, and rheumatoid arthritis were excluded. The apparently healthy individuals (the control group) have been enrolled in this study. Results: The mean difference in age between the control and patients is statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). This matching helps to eliminate differences in parameters' results, showing a statistically significant difference was observed between T2DM compared to control subjects (p<0.05) in the levels of BMI. While the levels of HbA1c, fasting glucose, serum insulin levels, and HOMA-IR increased significantly (P < 0.001) between type 2 diabetic patients compared with the normal control group, The present study showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in TC/HDLc, TG/HDLc, and LDLc/HDLc (p < 0.05) when compared to those of the control group. Conclusion: Lipoprotein-based insulin resistance measures are at least as strongly related to clinical atherosclerosis progression as HOMA-IR, eliminating the requirement to measure insulin to assess the impact of insulin resistance. The easily obtained TG/HDL-C ratio may be sufficient.

Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of death globally while lipid profiles are important in appraising cardiovascular risk. To manage and prevent CVD effectively, it is important to know how different lipid components interact with each other, notably low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which has been tied to higher chances of developing heart conditions. Material and Methods: The OLS and RLM regression methods were both used to examine the connections between Troponin levels and different metabolic as well as lipid markers based on a sample of 220 patients obtained from an extensive health record database. This was done to validate and compare outcomes by comparing the traditional OLS method with a robust regression approach which is particularly effective when it comes to handling outliers. Fasting Blood Sugar (FB.S), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Cholesterol, and oxidized marker labeling one oxidative stress level were some of the key biochemical markers analyzed. These were chosen because they are relevant to cardiovascular health, and could influence Troponin levels, a crucial biomarker for heart disease. However, given potential data anomalies, this showed that using the conventional OLS and Robust Regression approaches in evaluating how these biochemical markers would affect Troponin made the results more reliable. Results: The dataset has been examined in order to have an overview about the elements influencing troponin portion of it. The OLS regression model showed Fasting Blood Sugar (F.B.S) and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) as significant predictors. F.B.S was significantly and positively associated with Troponin levels (β = 35, p = 0.001). Other than, the association of HDL with Troponin levels was far more pronounced (β = −80 p < 0.002). This was further validated by the Robust Linear Model (RLM); In this model, F.B.S remained an independent strong positive predictor of Troponin (β = 40, p <.001). Similarly, there was a significant protective effect of HDL with an inverse association (β = -100; p <0.001). The Triglyceride variable also revealed a positive non-significant association with Troponin levels (β = 10, p value 0.212). Conclusion: This two-pronged analytic strategy highlights the relevance of method selection for lipid profile evaluation in research and clinical settings assessing and managing cardiovascular risk.