Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

In the present study, an experimental study and a numerical method are used to simulate the effect of utilizing finned helical coil heat exchanger horizontally oriented with and without internal hollow core inside the shell and monitoring the heat transfer intensification behavior and performance enhancement, by using ANSYS FLUENT 2019R3 package. The working fluid in the inlet side of the coil will be superheated vapor refrigerant (R410a) after the compression stage of the air conditioner (1TR) split type, the working fluid in the shell side is water with various flow rates (1,2 and 3)LPM. Found that when using a heat exchanger with internal hollow core reduces the time needed to reach the steady-state outlet temperature and directly proportional to the size of the core by 20% and slightly increasing the water outlet temperature by 5%.

In the reinforced concrete structures, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been considered an alternative material to steel reinforcement with the advantages of corrosion resistance, non-conductivity, and high strength to weight ratio. This work is devoted to study the flexural behavior of normal and high strength concrete continuous beams reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) bars. Ten continuous beams, with dimensions 150 mm wide × 250 mm deep × 2300 mm long consisting of two equal spans were investigated in this study . The beams were divided into three groups according to the compressive strength of concrete (30, 50 and 70) MPa. Each group consists of three beams with different longitudinal reinforcement ratio (ρfmin, ρfb and 1.5ρfb; where ρfmin and ρfb are the reinforcement ratio at a minimum and balanced condition, respectively). The ultimate load, mid-span deflection, cracks size, concrete strains, GFRP reinforcement strains of the tested beams were verified and contrasted. The experimental results indicate that the increase in the longitudinal reinforcement ratio increases the ultimate load by 125% and decreases the crack size and mid-span deflection by 78% and 57%, respectively. The experimental data were compared with the proposed ACI 440.1R-15 and CSA S806-12 equations. the ultimate load were greater than the calculated results according to (ACI 440.1R-15) by (20%) for beams with (ρmin), while beams with (ρb and 1.5ρb) the ultimate load were less than the calculated results by (9%), cracks size were close to the results according to (ACI 440.1R-15) for normal strength beams, while for high strength beams results were less than the results according to (ACI 440.1R-15), while ISIS-Canada 07 showed good agreement for all tested beams..

Rainwaters harvesting has been the vital source of water resource for drinkable and non-drinkable purposes in the ancient eras. As the water transportation systems stayed not used for water supply for these times. At present, the water distribution systems have upgraded, but the request to fresh water is increasing due to the inhabitants growing, and development. The water shortages and presented water supply for drinking are limited, which insisted the specialists working in the water division to search for solutions could be applied to the water deficiency that many countries in the world are facing. Optimization of water habit and the management of water resource will be able to aid to passing water shortage. This work contain the first designing and accumulation of rainwater from the rooftop in Baghdad City. Moreover, designing a detention pond using hydrology studio software programme to store the collected water.

In the reinforced concrete structures, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been considered an alternative material to steel reinforcement with advantages of corrosion resistance, non-conductivity and a high strength to weight ratio. This work is devoted to study the flexural behavior of normal and high strength concrete continuous beams reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) rebars. Ten continuous beams, with dimensions 150 mm wide × 250 mm deep × 2300 mm length consisting of two equal span were investigated. The beams were divided into three groups according to the compressive strength of concrete (30, 50 and 70) MPa. Each group consists of three beams with different longitudinal ρf (ρfmin, ρfb and 1.5ρfb; where ρfmin and ρfb are the reinforcement ratio at minimum and balanced condition, respectively). Failure load, mid-span deflection, mid-span concrete strains, GFRP reinforcement strains, crack width and ductility of the tested beams were verified and been compared. The experimental results indicate that the increase in the longitudinal ρf increases the failure load by 125% and decreases the crack width and mid-span deflection by 78% and 57%, respectively

: Photolysis of methylene blue was studied by using an advanced UV/H2O2 oxidation process. This study investigated different initial dye concentrations (I0, 20, 30 ppm) using different concentrations of H2O2 (10 %, 30%, 50 %) in three additions (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL). The results showed that the degradation efficiencies of this dye at different concentrations were as follows: 99.86 % at 10 ppm using 15 mL of 10 % H2O2 after 60 min, 99.22 % at 20 ppm using 15 mL of 30 % H2O2 for 60 min, and 98.90 % at 30ppm using 15 mL of 50 % H2O2 after 90 min. An increase in the optimum concentration of H2O2 was observed with an increase in the initial dye concentration. The de-coloration time also increased with increasing initial dye concentration.

Using FRP bars in the concrete structures under harsh environment produces extension of those service life and dropping of the cost of their lifecycle. This study investigated the influence of slab thickness, material of rebar, arrangement of reinforcement and mass’s dropped on the dynamic behavior of RC slabs by using laboratory experiments. Seven specimens 1550×1550 mm dimension with two thickness 120 and 150mm, single control specimen reinforced with steel bars and six specimens reinforced by CFRP bars were experimentally investigated under sequential dropping-weight ranged from 50 to 150kg, it was a rigid steel projectile, used to apply impacting load. 2.5m was the height of dropping. For estimated penetration depth, three empirical formulas have been used, ACE formulae was preferable predictor than other formulas. Different codes were used to calculation punching shear capacity and critical velocity of perforation and compared the experimental results with these codes. The experimental results showed that the shear properties of slabs have a significant effect in their general behavior. And preferable performance in FRP slabs than slabs reinforced with steel can be achieved which considering high strength and corrosion resistance of this material, which makes it a suitable choice for reinforcing materials.

Due to, the great electronic development, which reinforced the need to define people's identities, different methods, and databases to identification people's identities have emerged. In this paper, we compare the results of two texture analysis methods: Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Local Ternary Pattern (LTP). The comparison based on comparing the extracting facial texture features of 40 and 401 subjects taken from ORL and UFI databases respectively. As well, the comparison has taken in the account using three distance measurements such as; Manhattan Distance (MD), Euclidean Distance (ED), and Cosine Distance (CD). Where the maximum accuracy of the LBP method (99.23%) is obtained with a Manhattan and ORL database, while the LTP method attained (98.76%) using the same distance and database. While, the facial database of UFI shows low quality, which is satisfied 75.98% and 73.82% recognition rates using LBP and LTP respectively with Manhattan distance.

Artificial intelligence has been widely used in various applications such as health and safety, smart homes, greenhouses, and industrial application. It has been increasingly utilized in the industry owing to its benefits in terms of enhancing the overall performance of a given system. This study appeared from a real need in many local industries. In this paper, a prototype system has been implemented for artificial control on the temperature of the industrial panel. The paper includes two control systems executed; classical PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) and fuzzy logic with a comparison between them. Fuzzy control algorithm is developing based on Sugeno method inside PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). The connection of PLC with sensors is used by the Modbus protocol. Arduino UNO and Ethernet shield are used to connect the sensor to the router and then to PLC by Modbus.

Currently, the industry of construction requires finding efficient materials to increase the durability and strength as well as decreasing the concrete structure’s total weight. Therefore, an effort was made in this study for examining the impact of adding waste materials such as the iron lathing waste fibers. Iron lathe wastes have been deformed into twisted strips with a width of (4mm) and sieving size of (4.75-10) mm. The experimental investigation has been achieved with the use of four mixes related to light-weight concretes, involving different volumetric ratios of the iron lathing waste fibers as (0%, 1 %, 1.5 %, and 2 %). With the increase in the volume fraction of the lathing waste fibers from 0% to 2%, the results showed that there were a significant increase and improvement in compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural tensile strength, static modulus of elasticity, and dynamic modulus of elasticity by 12%, 67.5%, 134%, 27%, and 26% respectively. This indicates that the iron waste fibers have an important impact in enhancing the mechanical properties of the hardened concrete through the structural change in the concrete matrix.

Heat Pipe (THP) has a continues evaporation/ condensation cycles of the working fluid. The flow patterns of the two phases is founds by previous published articles, as a non-steady complex spatial flow pattern. This type of the flow blocks the easy moving of the two-phases and limits the thermal performance of the THP. In this study, a copper tubes packing (TP) is simulated numerically to control/manage the flow streams of the two phases inside the THP. The simulated THP is 600mm length made of copper partially filled with water. The TP is consist of a two copper tubes attached contrary to each other with a neighboring openings. The upper tube (Riser tube) facilitate the moving of steam streams from evaporator section to the top of the condenser section. The lower tube (Down-comer tube) facilitate the moving of the condensate streams from the condenser section to the bottom of the evaporator section. The tested filling ratios are (40,50,55,60 and 70) % of evaporator section volume. The supplied heats are (50,75,100,150 and 200) W. The Computational Fluid Dynamics solution are done for a three dimensional model (3DCFD) using ANSYS/ Fluent R19.0 software. The simulation result of the steam volume fractions contours shows that the insertion of TP control the flow streams of both phases. Also prevent the formation of complex flow patterns then enhance the axial velocity vectors and reduce cross velocity vectors. The inserted TP provide a regular circulation paths for the working fluid phases and enhance evaporation /condensation processes. Hence it’s reduce the thermal resistance of the THP about 55% and enhance the thermal performance with the same percentage. In addition, the thermal performance of the enhanced TPTHP is not/a little influence due to the variation of the filling ratio.

The present study aims to Fabricate a promising Microbial Solar Cell (MSC) for electricity generation using (sludge, wastewater and mixed algae), two single chamber MSCs were applied, firstly the sludge and algae cell (SMSC) was used and factors such as pH, types of light source, temperature, configuration of electrode and mixing ratio have being studied. The best pH, light source, temperature, configuration of electrode, and mixing ratio of the sludge and algae experiment are found to be 7, sun light, 30 oC, square electrode, and 1:1 respectively would be used in the wastewater and algae cell (WWMSC) for finding the most effective substrates for electrical energy generation. By comparing the Voltage resulted from sludge Microbial Solar cell (SMSC) and wastewater Microbial Solar cell (WWMSC). It was found that (SMSC) produce higher electrical energy than (WWMSC) with a voltage equal to 180 mV.

Steady conjugate natural convection heat transfer in a two-dimensional enclosure filled with fluid saturated porous medium is studied numerically. The two vertical boundaries of the enclosure are kept isothermally at same temperature, the horizontal upper wall is adiabatic, and the horizontal lower wall is partially heated. The Darcy extended Brinkman Forcheimer model is used as the momentum equation and Ansys Fluent software is utilized to solve the governing equations. Rayleigh number (1.38 ≤ Ra ≤ 2.32), Darcy number (3.9 * 10-8), the ratio of conjugate wall thickness to its height (0.025 ≤ W ≤ 0.1) , heater length to the bottom wall ratio (1/4 ≤  ≤ 3/4) and inclination angle (0°, 30° and 60°) are the main considered parameters. The presented results show the effect of these parameters on the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics. These results include streamlines, isotherm patterns, and local and average Nusselt number for different values of the governing parameters. It is found that either increasing the Rayleigh number and the ratio of conjugate wall thickness to its height (d/H) or decreasing the ratio of heat source width to bottom wall (l/L ), the average Nusselt number is increased. Also, it was observed that the average Nusselt number does not change substantially with inclination angle.