Kufa Journal of Arts

In 1596, Syria was ruled over by the Ottoman Empire, and it was subdivided into six administrative districts: Quds As-sharif, Nablus, Gazza, Lajjun, Ajlun and Sam As-sharif.
This study is conducted to know both the nature of the administrative divisions in Syria, in general, and the region of the study in particular, and to determine the amount of taxes paid, the number and names of the human settlements in Liwa Ajlun and the Southern Part of Hurran district, the number of which was 335 settlements inhabited by 10183 families.
The significance of this study is endorsed by the fact that this region with its settlements in question not only enhanced the Empire income with taxes paid then, but it also formed the Jordanian political identity in 1921, known as The Emirate of Trans-Jordan, and later, in 1946 as The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach to analyze the information, data, and statistics about the region sorted out in tables and maps that summarize the objectives clearly.
The study came up with findings and recommendations that may contribute, even partly, to the progress of academic research in the cultural aspect of Historical Geography.

This research is to expound a theory in (Survey Climatology) as an explanation for the phenomenon of drought affects the eastern region of the Mediterranean Sea in the last year. The text is based on (the recurrence of the tropical hurricanes beat the Caribbean Sea , the Gulf of Mexico and the south of North America during the period extends from June to October every year and result in the drought of the eastern region of the Mediterranean Sea through the rainy year and some years later).
The research depends upon three axes: the physical qualities of the atmosphere, the solid and the liquid cover of the earth . It is also based on three givings: the tropical hurricanes beat the Gulf of Mexico ,the Caribbean Sea and the south of northern America/ the birth of the depressions at Iceland in the Atlantic Ocean at latitude 570 to the north /and what happens to the depressions as the depressions as they pass the Mediterranean Sea.

Rural areas' studying is a function that the geographers adopt apart of it, whether they where with the geographers researchers team or with the horizons of the rural stability in any phenomena and studying the economical, social and educational levels of the residents in any residential place. The object of our research is to study the rural area in Hilla which is located in Baghdad. The studied area includes:
1- Hilla district center.
2- Abu Garaqh country.
3- Al-Kefel country.
The distance of these three divisions is (878 km2, its population 288133 according to the population estimation 2007.
The aim of studying the future horizons of the rural stability in Hilla is to know the state of affairs and define the suggested residential areas to develop these residential areas. The researcher considered the types of the rural residential areas in order to form a special place for each type according to the economical and social level to fulfill the region's needs.
Throughout the research, the following conclusions are reached:
1- A group of the rural residential places have distributed on the administrative units of the studied region, that varied in its number and size to reach (154) units subjects to developing.
2- Modern designs are made to develop the state of the studied place affairs and invest the available resources to achieve the economic, social and educational welfare for the citizens.

In the year 1557, Portugal sent its ambassador (Matlo Sousa i Meneses) to Beijing, and he was given permission to enter the city, taking precautions against the ambitions of the Portuguese who claimed, in every land where they settled

Theater is the art in which all arts meet and in which human life is illuminated with spiritual light. It is a joint work between creators despite their different experiences and interests, whether it is (the text), the author of that work (the author), the place in which the work takes place (theatre), or the people who undertake it. Its presentation and presentation (director and actors), sound and light effects, or other elements that together constitute the theatrical presentation.

For these reasons, the most important thing that distinguishes spatial adaptation from other fields of knowledge lies in the functional interconnectedness of the group of components that make up the place, whether based on a single characteristic or a group of dynamic characteristics that together constitute a justification for a phenomenon that later became a stand-alone science that explains those functional relationships and the mechanisms of their occurrence. .

This is the seventh chapter of Tohfet Alghareab, it is entitled a warning of things that are known among the grammarians as true while they are wrong.
This part is considered as a continous of what had been studied previously in the Ph.D thesis in the assessment of Tohfet Alghareab. The researcher followed the same previous method.

Urbanization, growth of urban population, has awful1y accelerated during this century and has been faster in developing countries than in the advanced ones. The problems associated with the rapid change in human environment have intensified in the cities. It is here that physical environment is becoming increasingly polluted, the manmade environment of slums, restricted living space and noise are at their worst and the changes in the social environments have aggravated any problems Not very for back, in the past, this very environment was pure, virgin and uncontaminated, and basically quite hospitable for mankind. It is all due to thoughtless over-exploitation of our various natural resources, by our own activities, perhaps due to our unending greed, in the garb of ‘development’, and the egoistic attitude towards "Nature".
This paper deals with sequence of various acoustical disturbances caused in the wake of noise pollution in the segments of industrial, commercial and traffic activities; how it would be harmful to the Iraqi environmental at large explaining its insidious effects and the measures to be adopted to contain its adverse and ill-effects against deterioration of environment.
The Iraq physical environment is becoming increasingly polluted because of the traffic activities, the new information technology, rebuilding ,...etc

The research seeks to evaluate the curriculum of the measurement and evaluation subject for the fourth grade in male and female teacher preparation institutes in Maysan Governorate from the point of view of the students of the Arabic Language and Social Studies Department and to show the extent to which this subject and its teaching are related to the student’s scientific specialization.
The research dealt with the main curriculum elements and the six scientific areas of research, which are (goals, content, teaching methods, educational techniques, accompanying activities, and evaluation). The research was limited to the two institutes for preparing male and female teachers in Maysan Governorate.

Al-Najaf governorate has been considered as one of the most important of the agricultural areas. For its various agricultural crops. Particularly in the plane area that is characterized by the flat surface and the readily of making different agricultural processes .this area depends on the flow irrigation. Moreover using of other techniques for irrigation which characterized by the random structure.
These random techniques leads to deteriorate the soil and its quality. The flat surface considered as a significant pointer to reflect the bad picture for the drainage and how it gathers near the ground causing of salt rising existing. Salt gathering is considered as one of the most important problems that are faced the agricultural crops in the given area .
So we suggest to search with the most important tap in Al-Najaf governorate to find out the problems that in faces. These problems appear as the specialized persons with this domain neglect it. Besides the natural features for this area. This subject ordered us to search and study with the necessary techniques to get ride these obstacles in the agricultural processes firstly .and secondly for deter mining the enough water for each donam in the agricultural areas in the plane area.
We can do this by treat these problems that are reduced the quality of water to determine the crops need for irrigation especially the problem of clay precipitation and aquatic plants.
The studies also reached to interpret and analysis the data which were related with the necessity of putting the suitable treatments to maintain the drainage network to the giver area. Additionally the treatment of the dirty water that are coming from the agricultural soils and wake it as other source for agriculture after faltering it from the salt as the water shares for the agriculture areas could be not enough for it need during the tow seasons in the year.

Many factors worked together to create the appropriate conditions for the development of the global economy one of these factors is the international customhouse union and the growth of capitals whish made the capitalist countries to move their industrial investments to any developmental countries where the factors of industrial in vestment are available. In addition, environmental rules have not been applied in developmental countries which encourage the capitalist countries to adopt the global economy strategy and encourage it in order to move their pollution industrial away from their countries.
The widespread of economic globalization in the international economy caused big changes in the economic structure of the developmental countries represented by the decrease of local production because of the rescuing of most of their industrial sectors depending of the raw material imported from developmental countries with comparatively low prices.
In addition to , the multi-nationalities companies worked on increasing the debts of developmental countries by smuggle ring capitals out of developmental countries to obligate them to give tax relinquishments which reached Millars of dolor's and obligate their governments to give these companies the priority to construct different projects in these countries that coasted very large amount of money . At the same time these companies worked on the continuous decrease of the wages of their workers , the workers who pay taxes to the government which caused the decrease of the national input at the global level , at the same time the problem of unemployment has increased hand in hand with the deficits of the government balances . This has increased the debts of developmental countries , and led them to put economic reformation strategies in order to keep the hard currency inside their capacity in achieving food independence , thus a new strategy was introduced which the strategy of "agricultural intensiveness".
The application of "agricultural intensiveness" strategy caused a clear "Environmental degeneration" , including the damage of soil and water sources , both surface and under ground sources because of the intensive use of insecticide and agricultural fertilizers , In addition to , the horizontal expansion of agricultural investment caused the damage of many frosts which resulted in the decrease of organisms variation and the emergence of the problem of dissertations and the consequent appearance oscillation of rainfall in many countries that accrue with the region of humid climate , thus about (1.4)k2 of the area of forest is damaged per-minute which causes the death of about (50-150) organism each day in tropical forests where (80%) percent of Biodiversity is placed since these forces represent life sources of genetic various of organisms.
Another problem has emerged as a result of using "agricultural intensiveness" , the problem of "Eutrophication" , This problem is caused mainly by using too much in secticides and fertilizers , and the concentration of chemical compounds in the water of agricultural drain and in the rivers in which this water falls consequently the density of Algal has increased and this works on the decrease of the "Do" in the water of these rivers which makes these rivers unapproiate for the life of may organisms.
The study resulted in two main points ; First , that one of the most important results of "Environmental degeneration" of the political dimension which influenced and will influence the shape of political relations that caused international conflicts is the conflict on water sources . The second point is that the decrease of " Biodiversity" has on important role in bad conditions of international economic security . Since the genetic material of different types of natural organisms participates in Millions of dollars of the international economy each year taking the form of different types of proved corps.
The study ends with certain results and recommendations about the role of economic globalization in environmental degeneration , the economy of developmental countries and the political effects of this environmental degeneration in the present and feature states of international relations .

A goal of this research is to build standards for the management class effective from the viewpoint of teachers of education colleges and then show whether there are statistically significant differences on the importance of the standards among education colleges teachers according to a changing work site.

For the purpose of achieving the goals of the search tool designed built standards adoption method combination of literature in the area of research and between the sample responses within a reconnaissance study.
The sample of research included on (140) teaching them (60) teachers at the Education college in Maysan University, and (55) teachers in the basic education college at the University Maysan, and (25) teachers in the college of Physical Education at the University of Maysan, the search tool was questionnaire has offered to the scientific procedures known to find validity to the test, and for the purpose of the reliability of the stability of the instrument adopted researcher way analysis of variance using the equation of kuder Richardson hitting consistency coefficient (0.86), having been dealt a statistical and data analysis results has been built (40) a standard of management Effective classroom, with an emphasis on the importance of standards by the study sample and, the search was left a set of recommendations, foremost of which emphasize the theme of the management of the classroom management of class with some suggestions that integrate with the question of which was the need for a joint study between the colleges of education in Iraqi universities for the purpose of building standards effective.

The present study purports to investigate the interrelationship between the phonological and morphological levels. Moreover, it tackles the functional impact of the tripartite morphological structure on forming the literary structure since language is a social activity, the activity that produces the communal verbal performance.
Based on that concept, the study starts to show that the tripartite origin is the genuine verbal root by which all Arabic vocabulary are founded. The study proceeds to manifest the conformity of the morphological structures with the sounds of words, more specifically with the short vowels, as in the inconformity of the unstressed articulation of sound in the mid of the form (عين) in nouns, since the sound characteristics are not identical between the emphatic pronunciation and the sound gliding in case there is no interval between them, even one sound.
The study also investigate the replacement of the diacritical mark of (عين) for the sake of euphony. And this what the language intends to the vocabulary. Moreover, it deals with the replacement of the mark of the past tense by a juxtaposition mark of the present and the variation of the marks that Arabic intends to so as to create a kind of incompatibility and harmony. This phenomenon can be realized as much in Arabic morphology

This research includes estimating the amount of solid slums generated in the cities of the Musayyib district in 2026, based on the population size factor (the main generator of segregation), within the requirements of planning and sand management in the district. 2005, 2006 and therefore look for the sign that indicates the differences between the two variables (the size of the limited space population), which is a logarithmic relationship to be used in determining the quantity of solid desires for the purpose of the 2026 goal.

In 1939, the French philosopher and writer Jean-Paul Sartre published his essay "Monsieur François Mauriac and Liberty." Criticism began with the narrative technique of his compatriot, the well-known novelist François Mauriac, the characteristic of freedom of the novelist character, and the writer’s influence on the fate of his characters. Sartre wants to show himself in this article as a champion of emerging modernity, while he wants Mauriac to be a classic novelist who clings to the psychological decomposition that has begun to decline.