Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

Although the rapid development of reverse engineering techniques such as a modern 3D laser scanners, but can’t use this techniques immediately to generate a perfect surface model for the scanned parts, due to the huge data, the noisy data which associated to the scanning process, and the accuracy limitation of some scanning devices, so, the present paper present a points cloud pre-processing and sampling algorithms have been proposed based on distance calculations and statistical considerations to simplify the row points cloud which obtained using MATTER and FORM 3D laser scanner as a manner to obtain the required geometrical features and mathematical representation from the row points cloud of the scanned object through detection, isolating, and deleting the noised points. A MATLAB program has been constructed for executing the proposed algorithms implemented using a suggested case study with non-uniform shape. The results were proved the validity of the introduced distance algorithms for pre-processing and sampling process where the proficiency percent for pre-processing was (18.65%) with a single attempt, and the counted deviation value rang with the sampling process was (0.0002-0.3497mm).

The rapid development of smart home and deep learning attract many types of research to meet the needs of the homeowner that make the right decisions based on preset settings or based on user behavior in the smart home. And because some gases cause air pollution, affect human health, cause lung cancer, breathing problems. and cause a fire as well. Many gases in our home can pose many dangers. One of the risks of using LPG is leakage in cylinders, gas installations, stoves, or LPG heaters. This paper focused on using technological development to alert about a gas leak inside the home to preserve the general health of people. The proposed system, a gas sensor is used to measure the value of gas in the atmosphere. This part is an important part of the smart home, which is taking precautionary measures by using the gas sensor and controller, in addition to using a mobile network system to send an alert message to the user about gas leakage from the mentioned sources. The proposed system is characterized by its low cost and allows the homeowner to monitor the gas leak inside the home from outside.

The presented study examines the effect of SBR polymer latex on the performance of concrete composite containing (1%MgO powder + 0.75%polyolefin fibers). In this study, the amount of added latex to concrete composite was varied. Density, compressive strength, and flexural strength were measured. The results showed that SBR addition caused a reduction in compressive strength with increase the dosage of adding. Flexural strength at 28 days improved with increase of SBR dosage (2%, 4% and 6%) and the results recorded.

Lightweight concrete reduces the total dead load of structural elements and seismic loads significantly. This paper presents the production Attapulgite Lightweight aggregate concrete (ALWAC) and its effect on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams. Attapulgite was treated with sodium hypochlorite of 6% concentration for 24 hours. The variable considered was the aluminum waste (AW), used as a fiber, of fraction (0, 0.5 and 1%) by concrete volume. Behavior was investigated in terms of cracking and ultimate load, load-deflection relationship, failure mode, crack patterns and flexural ductility. The mechanical properties of the ALWAC were studied. It was observed that, Attapulgite improves the mechanical properties of concrete when comparing the experimental value with theoretical ones for the reference mixture. AW has a disparate effect on the mechanical properties of ALWAC. The increase in the proportions of AW showed an increase in the cracking load and decrease in the ultimate load by 37.14% and 22.45 %, respectively, at AW of 1%. Experimental value of ultimate load in all beams was higher than the theoretical value (ACI simplified method). AW increases the deflection at the same magnitude of applied load, and reduces the number and propagation of the flexural cracks in beams. All beams exhibited a typical tension failure mode and failed in ductile manner.

This Lightweight concrete is one of the important types familiar of concrete, as the local stone Attapulgite was used as aggregate after treating it with a solution of minors, then it was used in pouring five -reinforced concrete beams by adding steel fiber and iron filing separately with two percentages of 0.5 and 1, these beams were examined to determine the shear capacity. The results showed that iron filing by 1% improve the mechanical properties of concrete and similar to that of using steel fibers, but with a minimum effect. The results also showed that adding 1% of steel filing improves the maximum shear resistance and the first cracking resistance of the concrete by 38%.

Experimental and Numerical investigation has been performed to improve the thermosyphon thermal performance. Optimization process concentrated on both the water and the operating liquid temperature inside the tank and the thermosyphon. For this purpose, three different models of improvement methods have been studied that depend on increasing the surface area with no changing in the volume of operating liquid. The first one (case-A-) is by add ten ring fins about the absorber pipe. The second method (case-B-) is by add twenty ring fins about the absorber pipe. While, the third way (case-C-) is by add ten ring fins with ten grooves about the absorber pipe. The thermosyphon thermal performance was compared between the traditional model and experimental model. Moreover, numerical simulate for all cases were done with computational fluid dynamic (CFD), ANSYS 19.R3. It was observed through the results that a good convergence between the numerical and, experimental results. Furthermore, the thermal performance for case-A- is found greater than all other cases under study.

Climate changes and global warming are an international issue around the world and caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases, and one of these reasons Portland cement industry which releases high amounts of CO2, which causes 65% of the global warming effect. So the essential component for sustainable development in the construction industry is the improvement of alternatives for cement. One of the promising materials in the field of concrete industry is the geopolymer concrete, which attracted spotlight over the past decade with its comparable performance with Portland cement. This paper presents a systematic review of different research works done in the region of geopolymer concrete based metakoalin reinforced with polypropylene fiber and under ambient temperature. The mechanical behavior was enhanced significantly through experimental results. The compressive strength was improved 14.75% with 1% of polypropylene fiber while the increment of splitting tensile strength was 12.3 %, 15.76 % respectively. The flexural strength of specimens was also improved when compared with the non-fiber geopolymer concrete. The highest increment obtained with 1.5% of fiber volume content was 27.3%. Modulus of elasticity was also improved with increment to 13.1%, when compared with the non-fiber geopolymer concrete, also from experiment adding of fibers lead to a decrease in the density of GPC. The compressive performance and flexural performance of fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete were also better than specimens without fiber.

Reactive powder concrete and high strength concrete have superior mechanical and structural properties, however, the major drawback of this new construction material is its high cost compared to traditional concrete. This study presents an experimental investigation on the structural behavior of hybrid rectangular cross section (coupled) reinforced concrete beams poured with normal and high strength concrete (HSC) at compression chord, normal strength concrete (NSC) at ribs, and reactive powder concrete (RPC) at tension chord. The experimental work consists of pouring and testing four specimens with dimensions (1100mm length, 100 mm width, and 400 mm height). First specimen, rectangular solid normal concrete beam for comparison with specimens, second specimen, coupled beam poured with normal strength concrete at top chord, and two other specimens of coupled beams cast with high strength concrete with two compressive strength (50 MPa and 70 MPa) at top chord. The effect of top chord concrete type at each specimen on ultimate load capacity, energy absorption, deflection and cracking load are studied in this investigation. Experimental results showed that the ultimate load carrying capacity and energy absorption increased to 76.9 % and 108.33 % respectively, compared with the solid specimen and recorded a reduction in deflection values through loading life and cracking load when using higher compressive strength of high strength concrete in compression chord in addition to reactive powder concrete in tension zone.

In electrical power systems, unexpected outage of transmission systems, sudden increase of loads, the exit of generators from service, and equipment failure, leads to a contingency occurring on one or several transmission lines. The loads must be within the specified state and the transmission lines should not exceed the thermal limits. One of the important methods used to alleviate the contingency and reduce the congestion lines by injected a Distributed Generation (DG) within an optimal siting and optimal sizing in the distribution network that achieves improvement of the voltage profile as well as leads to reduce the losses. First, to achieve the best goals in this paper that is determined contingency lines, an index has been used called (Active Power Flow Performance Index) (PIRPF) and an equation called (Line Flow Sensitivity Index) (LFSI) is used for finding the optimum site for Distributed Generation. Second, to determine the optimum size for distributed generators, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used. Also, this research was distinguished by choosing new sites and sizes according to the GA to obtain the best desired results. Finally, these methodologies were applied to the IEEE-30 bus ring network using the MATPOWER Version 6.0, 16-Dec-2016 program within MATLAP R2018a environment.

Abstract the waste natural such as groundnut shell, rice husk, eggshell, pistachio shells, etc., are regionally available. All these waste natural has good mechanical characteristics and can be employed more efficiently in the improvement of composite materials for different uses. This paper shows the study of the impact test, tensile test and flexural test properties of the pistachio shell powder strengthened epoxy resin. Pistachio shell powder with different weight fraction (5%, 7%, and 9%) strengthened epoxy resin has been developed by hand lay-up method. The tensile test, flexural test and impact strength displays the sample (epoxy+7% wt. pistachio shells) has the highest comparison with other samples. The principal results extracted from this work that the Samples with (9%) weight fraction of the pistachio shell content in epoxy resin decreases the modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, tensile strength, impact strength and flexural modulus, while at (5% and 7%) weight fraction of the pistachio shell content in epoxy resin raise the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, flexural modulus, flexural strength and impact strength increased