Tikrit Journal for Political Science

The field of international relations has been assessed through diverse theoretical framework including realism. Classical realism has been reformed by neorealists for analyzing current actors and interactions in international relations. For neorealists, the most essential characteristic of the international arena is anarchy, which they argue exists because the international system lacks a world government with the capability of making and imposing international law, which in turn makes cooperating among states difficult. Then, competition and conflict can never be avoided in such situation. Thus, states must eventually guarantee their own survival and security. Neorealists describe states as the main actors in international relations and they have a negative view about non-state actors, in particular international and regional organizations; they state that organizations have no capacity to control a states' attitude or to prevent war or at least minimize anarchy in the international politics. Moreover, neorealists emphasize that organizations are ineffective because the agendas they set tend to be controlled by the superpower states, and they are in fact tools for increasing superpower influence. Neorealists support their argument by highlighting many case studies such as the United Nations, the European Union, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and World Trade Organization.

The American occupation of Iraq in 2003 represented a detailed event whose repercussions and repercussions affected not only the level of changing the Iraqi political system, but this event had geo-political and strategic long-term dimensions, as the United States of America was able to redraw the paths of the Middle East region again, in line with The strategic dimensions that I planned to achieve.

During the period between the two world wars, and among the socialists who are not Marxists in particular, the topic of re-reading and reviewing Marx's writings intellectually and building intellectual and political lines against fascism and extremism in general and Nazi in particular emerged, so that the star of a group of thinkers in this regard, and perhaps most prominent among them George Lukacs and Georg Luck Cyrus, Karl Mannheim, Walter Benjamin, and others. In such an intellectual milieu, the angle of view of the fascist phenomenon varied in terms of it being a general phenomenon or a group of special cases. There are those who believe that the term fascism should be restricted to Mussolini's case only. That is, we should call the Nazi regime Hitler, and fascism a Mussolini system, and all similar movements have their own names, given that each of them is a phenomenon that is independent and separate from the other cases.

The research focuses on the importance of the concepts of law, power and security in the international strategy, and the definition of the role and the role of the balance of international relations or not, and show the ability to paint the strategy of the dye, and the research highlights the problem of "How far can be a relationship between law and power and security, In the ladder of international strategy? We try to answer the following main question: Which is the most used law, force or security in the international strategy?A solution to the problem and answer to the question was based on the following hypothesis: the more the international strategy is based on force;” the more violations of international legal norms and norms; the greater the international security, the greater the threat to international security threat”.The objective of the researcher is to define the strategic position occupied by the tripartite (Law - Power - Security) in the global strategic perception, which made bridges for it, is a theoretical choice and a necessity, and to use the analytical approach, which focuses on analysis of international politics, and to address the Most important three – International and how to interpret the movement of the international system.

The darkness that Europe lived in the shadow of the Church obscured the light that was radiating in other parts, and even put forward the idea of democracy by birth, especially that it emerged from the tent of Greek civilization did not mature in later centuries, especially after the clergy and ideological orientation for Protestants and Catholics at the crossroads Political life, but when the Renaissance emerged and the intellectual movement began to interact both at the level of science and politics, the Europeans in democracy found refuge to get rid of the tyranny of the church, and the fruits of the application of democracy began to appear on the surface of most Western societies, which were at the forefront to be doubtful forms of governece. Democracy, both in theory and in practice, did not always reflect Western political realities, and even since the Greek proposition, it has not lived up to the idealism that was expected to ensure continuity. Even if there is a perception of the success of the democratic process in Western societies, but it was repulsed unable to apply in Islamic societies, because of the social contradiction added to the nature of the ruling regimes, and it is neither scientific nor realistic to convey perceptions or applications that do not conflict only with our civilized reality The political realization created by certain historical circumstances, and then disguises the different reality that produced them for the purpose of resonance in the ideal application.

It is possible to say that Lebanon is one of the most complex Arab countries in the formation of the government, as is the case in Iraq, because they apply consensual democracy. After the parliamentary elections in Lebanon in 2018, there were many challenges to the formation of the government, whether internal challenges such as sectarianism, Which resulted in problems and complications, or the new electoral law, in addition to the victory of Hezbollah with a large number of parliamentary seats, and the impact on Lebanon's internal and external, and other internal challenges, or external challenges: represented by the regional and international situation, of interference in the internal affairs of Lebanon, as a result of internal parties have external extensions, or what the region is going through problems, wars and instability, particularly what is happening in Syria and the impact on the internal situation, And the impact on the internal situation in Lebanon, and finally the government was formed despite these challenges, but the question is: Will the government be able to overcome the impact of those challenges on the functioning of the government after its formation? There is no doubt that the impact of these challenges will continue to exist even after the formation of the government due to the internal situation of Lebanon is confused and linked to the external situation

In this study we seek to examine the subject of the transitional justice experience in South Africa and its specificity, by focusing on the main problem centered on the effectiveness and impact of the transitional justice experience in South Africa in order to bring about reform and arrangements in the constitutional, cultural and economic institutions to achieve political reform and the establishment of transitional justice? To answer this, the democratic transition has been illustrated by the model of the country's transformation, the extent to which the Truth and Reconciliation Committees influence political processes, the extent to which national reconciliation, conflict resolution between the white minority and the rest of South Africa's indigenous population, the adoption of political reform, The field of political reforms, institutional and constitutional arrangements for the achievement of democratic transition in South Africa, as well as what the requirements of establishing the transitional justice system are necessary in South Africa, and despite some setbacks and impurities that accompanied this experience, For us, we propose the idea of drawing lessons learned from this unique Arab experience.

The study deals with a political phenomenon that has an impact on international relations and the political dealing based on the interrelated interests that would affect the issue of an international bloc. The influence of this phenomenon is so important in gaining the support of international blocs to the question of Palestine, in addition to the possibility of investing this phenomenon for the interests of the Arab League, namely the phenomenon of political domino effect in the diplomacy and dealing political of Latin American countries to support the Palestinian issue. The Latin American countries have played an important role in the emergence of the Zionist entity and voted for it in the General Assembly of the United Nations and in international forums for the period 1947-1973. After that they began to vote for Palestine in international forums and the General Assembly, so we will explore the causes of this political and diplomatic transformation of the Latin continent after 1973 for Palestinian issue and abandonment the vote for the Zionist entity. and we will discuss the impact of political domino as a tool in changing positions of most countries of the continent in favor of the Arabs and the abandonment of the Zionist entity. The countries of the continent lined up behind Brazil, under the influence of political domino, where sided with the Arab states when the Arabs used the oil strategy as a weapon in the battle in 1973, Where Iraq and Saudi Arabia alternated between 1976 and 1984 in the second and third ranks of the total Brazilian imports.