Tikrit Journal for Political Science

U.A.E. is regarded as the first Arab country which gave a great attention to sustainable development. , In order to achieve this has made many efforts, where she worked on creating the proper environment, and through the establishment of several institutions (administrative intervention) and launched many initiatives and strategies and legislation of many laws and regulations (legislative intervention) and acceded to several international conventions (international cooperation) on sustainable development, which enabled the UAE to achieve progress on indicators of sustainable development (economic, social, environmental and institutional), Reflecting the success of the State in achieving development is sustainable through State standards and compare them with other countries.

The indicators of political stability in Israel have produced a kind of instability in all locations from inside and outside, but they were in themselves. Social cohesion of the Jews as well as the challenge of discrimination within the Arabs (Israel). Either I explain the spring movements and the investigation into the security and existence of Israel, as well as Iran's nuclear program and Hezbollah, which indicate the most important challenges to the stability and security of Israel.

Since the establishment of the modern state, this role has been in a state of expansion and expansion, which was evident in the attempted coup of July 15 2016 , which came in reaction to the actions of the ruling party in order to distance it from political life, This study focused on the attempted coup d'état of July 15, 2016 and the reasons for its failure and subsequent government measures to limit its role. It concluded that the hegemony exercised by the ruling party in addition to popular will is one of the main reasons for the failure of this attempt. Any interference in political affairs.

The promotion of a culture of citizenship - which reveals one of its meanings as embracing the members of society irrespective of religion, sect, ideology or nationalism - and embraces them in one common crucible - is one of the basic tasks of societies and political systems. Because their availability in any country indicates the extent and high level of social integration among its components, in the sense that the value of citizenship is the standard and the prominent feature that distinguishes this country from that. Societies that are divided and socially divided do not have the spirit of recognition of the other and hence lack of citizenship. The political system, which does not seek to assimilate the various groups and organize them in political and legal frameworks based on the rule of law and full political participation under the state of institutions and the recognition of civil, political and economic rights, Is also working to weaken the culture of citizenship.When talking about citizenship in the Iraqi situation, we find that it has been cracked by several reasons, some of them due to the policies of marginalization and marginalization adopted by the former political system towards society and thus created a culture of subjugation is unable to accommodate the colors of the community spectrum within the framework of the common homeland, The events of 9/4/2003 and the accompanying challenges have been obstacles to enhancing the culture of citizenship in post-political Iraq.

Legal culture is an urgent need for the societies that the countries and governments seek to activate in light of the major transformations witnessed by life throughout all its fields, and the concept of peaceful coexistence in its various aspects embodies the concept of harmony between the members of the same society with their different national, religious and sectarian affiliations as well as their tendencies and reflections. The process of moving societies from the state of backwardness to a new improved situation is done through the creation of new intellectual, practical and living patterns, the knowledge revolution has a large role in them, and universities as a whole in terms and roles are not immune to this transformation. Therefore, academic institutions must play a bigger role in the educational process through the development of society, the formation of generations and the expansion of cultural and scientific knowledge, for it is a key factor in achieving a sustainable development in society and moving them from a state of conflict and contradiction to a state of coexistence and harmony, and work on transferring the correct legal culture to the new generations that is capable of understanding the correct teachings for the service and development of society in all its social, economic and political aspects to reach a peaceful coexisting community.

Research tackles the bases that pluralism based on . in the western liberal thought for example many of lebral opinions that of called for pluralism were discussed so research divided to for mian aspects : first aspect the theoritical political .liberal and political pluralism concepts of the research . the second aspects : tackles the descussion relativity of the truth and right and the pluralism of the contemprory western liberal thought . third aspect : tackles the equality and emphasizing of the pluralism in the contemprory western liberal . thought fanally the fourth aspect tackles the political respresentation and pluralism in the western liberal thought . the research also has ended with many of conclusions .

It is well known that each community has a cultural affiliation and a specificity that distinguishes it from other societies, Globalization in its various forms, including cultural globalization, has institutions, means and objectives, which bear positive and negative connotations, threaten the cultural constants and Civilization specificities of each nation, whether on the level of religion or language or history or customs and traditions or noble traditions, It is therefore necessary to improve the employment and utilization of cultural globalization in a way that ensures that positive aspects are taken without negatives.

The political ignorance is an integral concept in political Islamic thought, the research shows that concept is theoretical determination among legitimate assumptions and illustrate its conceptual roots and determinate its indication features, represented by Holy Quran and Honorable Prophet Traditions (Sunnah) described by the principle sources for the political and Islamic sources, from these two divine sources , the political thinkers has derived the concept of political and an endoscopy and analysis of , the study require to divide the thesis into two demand , the first is : the concept of political ignorance in Holy Quran and Honorable Prophet Traditions (Sunnah), the second demand : the conceptualization of the concept of political ignorance

The phenomenon of terrorism is one of the most important issues on the Arab and international arena because of its importance related to security and stability. Terrorism is a means to confuse civil regimes and individuals by using all the mechanisms of intimidation, killing, kidnapping and plundering of wealth. Iraq after the entry of elements of the organization calling the terrorist to Mosul in 2014, and carried out many acts of sabotage and violations of the killing and looting and control of oil refineries and agricultural land, and so after the Iraqi armed forces in cooperation with the popular crowd In order to protect the liberated lands and to cleanse them of the remnants of the unflagging war, to uncover dormant cells and to secure the borders between them and the neighboring countries. The study then posed several questions, the most important of which were the implications and political implications And the security of the phenomenon of terrorism in Iraq, as the study aimed to identify the causes of terrorism and its motives, and what solutions to eliminate the terrorist thought, and the study assumed that terrorism is not limited to a particular religion or gender or people, and the study relied on descriptive and analytical methods to reach the concept of Qabli is working to describe and analyze the problems and challenges before and after the defeat of Iraq in light of the recommendations of the proposed study

The recent developments in the region, especially Iraq and Syria, represented a historic opportunity for the Kurds, which made them an important player with international support and paved the way for partition and federalism. There is no dispute that the referendum is consistent with general principles such as the right of peoples to self-determination, Others with the Iraqi constitution and mechanisms of independence recognized, but it strengthens the position of the region in negotiations with Baghdad, has raised the date of a referendum on the independence of the Kurdistan region on 25 September 2017 And the political situation in Iraq and Turkey after the referendum of the Kurdistan region, As a result of the failure of each of them to agree to reject the results of the referendum secession of the Kurdistan region and the intensification of sanctions on the region, but also strengthened military and security cooperation between their countries after months of tension between them.

Given its geostrategic importance and geopolitical status, the Arab region has become, throughout its formative stages, an arena for competition and conflict between regional and international non - Arab forces and actors as each of these powers carried a perspective and a grand strategic vision towards the Arab region aiming through which to achieve their hegemony project in the region. This coincided with the absence of or lack of a unified Arab strategy or vision to prevent this from happening.