Al-Turath Journal for Biology

The present investigation is concerned with study the community structure of aquatic oligochaetes collected fromTigris River sediment in three sites within Baghdad province Including site (S1),is located north of Baghdad, at A- Rashydia district, site (S2) is located in middle at Al- Sarafiya District, , while the third site (S3) is located south Baghdad at Al-Za\'afaraniya district. for the period from December 2018 to November 2019. A total of 1999 individual represented 13 species were sorted, seven species of them belonging to the subfamily Tubificinae , two species to the subfamily Rhyacodrillinae, two species to the subfamily Naidinae , in addition to one species of each of subfamily pristininae, and family Enchytraeidae). The result revealed presence of Embolocephalus velutinus (Grube,1879) and Limnodrilus maumeensis (Brinkhurst and Cook,1901), which are considered as new records for Tigris River fauna.. According to the Relative abundance Limnodrilus spp specially L. hoffmesisteri in all study sites. Temporally , the most species richness was recorded during Limnodrilus species were record.

Within this study, the effectuality of green algae cells represented by the Chlorococcum humicola and Chlorella vulgaris species have been tested for the remediation of Glyphosate pesticide and the removal of elemental Cd and Cr from a polluted aquatic medium by using different components of pesticides and elements (25, 50, 75, 100) mg/ L (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 20, 25) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) mg/L. The exposure time that is applied in the study is 3, 6, 9 and 12 days under laboratory conditions of 25 °C with lighting intensity of 3000 Lux and 16 hours lighting: 8 darkness in the middle of the static and dynamic (shaker) medium at a speed of rotation 150 rpm.
The end results showed that the higher capacity of cells C. humicola algae was able to destroy the pesticide at a rate of 78.5% dynamic medium and 61.1% for the static medium compared to the C. vulgaris algae. This recorded the highest rate of the destroyed comprising of 17.7% for the dynamic medium and 15.3% for static medium. As for the results of removing heavy elements, we found that the efficiency of the first algae of Cd element recording 99.5% in the dynamic medium and 98.80% for the static medium at a concentration of 12.5 mg/L. While the Cr element was recorded with 78.7% of the dynamic medium and 76.6% for the static medium at a concentration of 1 mg/L. In retrospect, the removal results for the second algae were lower. The highest removal rate for the Cd element appeared at a concentration of 2.5 mg/L which was 86.7% for the dynamic medium and 75.7% for the static medium , whereby the Cr element was 72.7% and 71.07% for the concentration of 1 mg/L in the dynamic and static medium respectively.
The conclusion of this study is that C. humicola algae can be mostly characterized by a higher capacity in order to destroy the Glyphosate pesticide as well as the removal of high concentrations of Cd compared to Cr , and with high efficiency in the dynamic medium more than the static medium in the most treated.

Thalassemia is an inherited blood illness where there is a decrease or lack of one or more globin chains in haemoglobin, resulting in anaemia and associated problems. The disease's pathogenesis includes inadequate erythropoiesis, hemolysis, and significant oxidative stress caused by iron excess, particularly in patients receiving frequent blood transfusions. The ELISA technique was utilised to quantify the amounts of superoxide dismutase1( SOD1) in the samples under investigation. Each group comprised 10 participants. The average SOD level in the patient group was 17,856 units, with a median of 16,492 units and a standard deviation of 6,391 units. The control group had a mean SOD level of 19,915 units and a median of 13,548 units, showing a higher variability with a standard deviation of 16,874 units.

The study samples were collected from Samarra General Hospital and external dermatology clinics. The number of studied samples was 60 samples infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis after clinical confirmation by a specialist physician and 30 samples from healthy individuals. The study period was from October 2022 to March 2023 and the results were as follows: For tumor necrosis factor alpha, the results in patients were (1.1923 + 0.0713) pg/ml, which is high when compared to healthy people (0.4831 + 0.0528) pg/ml. As for the level of interleukin-2, the results in patients were (0.908 + 0.258) pg/ml compared to healthy people (0.4259 + 0.0554) pg/ml. As for the levels of interleukin-4, the results in patients were (0.769 + 0.236) pg/ml compared to healthy people (0.5187 + 0.0950) pg/ml. As for the levels of interleukin-13, the results in patients were (1.132 + 0.173) pg/ml, while in people The healthy people had (0.4748 + 0.0776) pg/ml, while the results of Toll-2 receptors in the infected people were (0.700 + 0.184) pg/ml, which is a high percentage compared to healthy people (0.3660 + 0.0874) pg/ml. As for Toll-4 receptors, the results of the infected people were (0.960 + 0.226) pg/ml compared to healthy people (0.574 + 0.108) pg/ml.