Abstract
Abstract
Civil liability is one of the most important pillars of a sense of legal security that guarantees citizens' rights, and through which they feel legally protected. The Iraqi legislator has organized the provisions of contractual and tortious civil liability in the Civil Code based on three pillars: fault, damage, and causation. Proof of the fault causing the damage is required for the injured party to file a civil lawsuit against the person who caused the damage to obtain compensation. The advent of modern technology has encompassed all areas of life, including the use of artificial intelligence. Global companies have begun to utilize it to develop their products in all fields, such as the use of drones that rely on artificial intelligence for flight, the manufacture of cars without human control, and the military uses of smart robots. Furthermore, the use of artificial intelligence in medical operations without physician intervention and other fields using artificial intelligence has become outdated and incompatiblewith modern developments. Compensating the injured party according to the provisions of these rules has become difficult to implement, and the injured party has become difficult to obtain compensation due to the impossibility of proving the fault causing the damage. How can a lawsuit be filed against a machine possessing artificial intelligence that caused the damage, even though it lacks legal personality? This requires the advancement of civil law provisions related to civil liabilityIn this research, we attempted to shed light on the concept of artificial intelligence by outlining its types, characteristics, and drawbacks. We then addressed the nature of civil liability and the implications of its use.
Civil liability is one of the most important pillars of a sense of legal security that guarantees citizens' rights, and through which they feel legally protected. The Iraqi legislator has organized the provisions of contractual and tortious civil liability in the Civil Code based on three pillars: fault, damage, and causation. Proof of the fault causing the damage is required for the injured party to file a civil lawsuit against the person who caused the damage to obtain compensation. The advent of modern technology has encompassed all areas of life, including the use of artificial intelligence. Global companies have begun to utilize it to develop their products in all fields, such as the use of drones that rely on artificial intelligence for flight, the manufacture of cars without human control, and the military uses of smart robots. Furthermore, the use of artificial intelligence in medical operations without physician intervention and other fields using artificial intelligence has become outdated and incompatiblewith modern developments. Compensating the injured party according to the provisions of these rules has become difficult to implement, and the injured party has become difficult to obtain compensation due to the impossibility of proving the fault causing the damage. How can a lawsuit be filed against a machine possessing artificial intelligence that caused the damage, even though it lacks legal personality? This requires the advancement of civil law provisions related to civil liabilityIn this research, we attempted to shed light on the concept of artificial intelligence by outlining its types, characteristics, and drawbacks. We then addressed the nature of civil liability and the implications of its use.
Abstract
تعد المسؤولية المدنية احد اهم ركائز الشعور بالأمن القانوني الضامن لحقوق المواطن والذي من خلاله يشعر بوجود حماية قانونية لحقوقه وقد نظم المشرع العراقي في القانون المدني احكام المسؤولية المدنية العقدية والتقصيرية على اساس اركان ثلاثة وهي الخطأ والضرر والعلاقة السببية ويتطلب الامر اثبات الخطأ الذي يسبب الضرر ليتسنى للمتضرر اقامة الدعوى المدنية على المسبب للضرر للحصول على التعويض ويعد ظهور عصر التكنولوجيا الحديثة الذي شمل كل مجالات الحياة ومنها استخدامات الذكاء الاصطناعي وقد بدأت الشركات العالمية تستعين به في تطوير منتجاتها في المجالات كافة مثل استخدام الطائرات بدون طيار التي تعتمد على الذكاء الاصطناعي في طيرانها وصناعة السيارات بدون تحكم البشر وفي الاستخدامات العسكرية للروبوت الذكي فضلاً عن استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي في العمليات الطبية بدون تدخل الطبيب وغيرها من المجالات المستخدمة للذكاء الاصطناعي وعلى هذا الاساس نجد ان القواعد القانونية باتت قديمة ولا تتلاءم مع التطورات الحديثة واصبح تعويض المتضرر طبقاً لاحكام هذه القواعد يصعب تطبيقها وحصول المتضرر على التعويض نتيجة استحالة اثبات الخطأ المحدث للضرر وكيف تقام الدعوى على آلة تمتلك ذكاءً اصطناعياً احدث الضرر وهي لا تمتلك شخصية قانونية مما يتطلب النهوض في نصوص القانون المدني المتعلق بالمسؤولية المدنية وقد حاولنا في هذا البحث تسليط الضوء على مفهوم الذكاء الاصطناعي من خلال بيان انواعه وخصائصه وعيوبه ومن ثم تطرقنا الى طبيعة المسؤولية المدنية والاثار المترتبة عن استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي