Aljanoob Heritage

Because it was the most renowned scientific center, scholars from various Shiite regions, including the southern parts of Iraq, were drawn to the Imami school (Najaf School), which excelled in many religious disciplines, particularly in the field of jurisprudence and religious principles, where many scholars studied and assumed the position of religious authority. His Eminence Sheikh Mashkoor bin Muhammad Al-Hawalawi (may God have mercy on him) is one of them. He emigrated to Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf after leaving his birthplace of Al-Chibaish, Thi-Qar Governorate, to acquire knowledge, and he lived there until his passing away in 1272 AH. Regarding him, Sheikh Agha Buzurg Al-Tahrani stated, “He was the highest religious Shiite authority, a jurist, devout, and pious.” The most well-known of his jurisprudential writings is his practical thesis titled “Kifayat Al-Talbeen li’ahkam Al-deen”. He has different studies on major issues, including this central study of the absolute and the restricted, which is notable for its accuracy, breadth of reasoning, and scientific discussions of the most prominent sayings, which we place in the hands of the reader. In order to become familiar with the scientific heritage in the regions of southern Iraq and to learn about the most prominent scholars and their scientific works, the Southern Heritage Center has undertaken to highlight this scientific effort, disseminate this heritage, and bring it out in its new form after its investigation and scrutiny.

This study focuses on one of the well-known scholars in the south of Iraq; Sheikh Mohammed bin Tahir Alsamawy (died 1370h). It also focuses on his personal library which was founded in Alnajaf Alashraf at the beginning of the fourteenth century AH, and the book categories (print, script) it has on various sciences and numerous authors. The study also sheds light on the various scientific legacy Sheikh Al-Samawy left, including authorship, collections, and duplications, which all reported in Grand Sheikh Agha Bozorg Al-Tehrani’s (died 1389 AH) famous 29 volumes encyclopedia (Al-Dhari\'ah ila Tasanif Al-Shia).
The author investigates topics on Sheikh Al-Samawy in the encyclopedia, and extracts and categorizes huge topics that are classified into two manifolds. The first is the categories that are reported in his library. The second is on the scientific legacy of Sheikh Al-Samawy, including authorship, collections, duplications, etc. Due to the amount of information presented in this study, we classified it into two sections. Section one is on Shieh Al-Samawy’s life, authorship, historical background of his library and its categories (print, script). Second two is on his scientific legacy reported in Al-Tehrani’s (Al-Dhari\'ah).

The governor, Midhat Pasha, established a construction department (Nafi’a) that supervised roads and bridges in the province of Baghdad. However, it was cancelled in 1872, and replaced by municipality department to prepare bridge maps and construction (1906-1872). In 1906, the Ottoman government commissioned an engineer for leading the construction department in the state, and created a special committee (which was affiliated with the local administration) which took the responsibility to construct bridges.
There were many bridges in Diwaniyah district that provided services to people, such as the Diwaniyah Bridge which was built in the center of the Diwaniyah district in 1818, and was renovated several times during the last Ottoman era. There was also the Hillah Bridge that was mentioned in many journeys. This bridge got worn out and required renovation, as this negatively affected the economy of the district, especially the transportation of crops to to Baghdad. Therefore, the governor, Namiq Basha Al-Sagheer, ordered the construction of the Battah Bridge in 1900. He also asked to construct the Shamiyah Bridge when he visited the district in 1899 to facilitate the crossing clans, agricultural crops, and animals from one bank to the other. The bridge income would benefit the construction of schools and the reconstruction of the district. It was opened in 1900. There was also Alsamawah bridge. For bridges in the sub-district, the significant one was Aldagharah bridge built in 1899 as a result of Namiq Basha Al-Sagheer’s leading of the agricultural and constructional development. He ordered the construction of Alshannafiyah bridge in 190 to secure people transportation, and to benefit from its income for the construction of primary schools in the district.

The semantic lesson is one of the most important linguistic studies in human languages. You do not find a human language devoid of the semantic lesson، which took upon itself to know the meaning and clarify it in every language.
The Arabic language is one of the most important languages of the world in the past، present and future. It is the language of the Holy Qur’an، the language of supplication، the language of eloquent Arabic poetry، and the Sahifa al-Sajjadiyyah of the Imam (Ali ibn al-Hussein al-Sajjad) (alayhalsalam)
from the great cultural heritage that received the attention of language scholars and commentators. The research was chosen on one From the explanations of the newspaper، which is the book (Nour al-Anwar fi Sharh al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyyah) by its author، Sayyid Nimat Allah al-Jaza’iri (d. 1112 AH). A brief presentation of the meaning linguistically and idiomatically، and these headings are:
Phonetic significance and shed light on the phenomenon of stress، morphological structures and their implications، and studied the indications of verbs and adverbs in morphological formulas، and the grammatical significance.

This paper was written following the publication Sheikh Jaafar Alnaqdy’s anthology (1ed) in 1442h – 2021AD. I recorded some notes and clarifications of some poems in two main sections. The first section is the study section, and the clarification of the anthology. In the second section, while intending knowledge, I clarifieied some poems that were not mentioned in the anthology, based on Alnaqdy’s books and translated sources about him.

The religious authority (Marja’iya) has been beaming in leading the nation and spreading knowledge. From this standpoint, we took it upon ourselves to introduce the most prominent scientific figures who emerged in the city of Nasiriyah. He is Sheikh Abbas Al-Khwibarawi Al-Nasiri who left a huge scientific and ideological legacy. While some authors have written about him, there is more to be researched and investigated. The researcher decides to shed light on this valuable legacy, aiming to inform readers of the biography of Al-khwebrawi’s scientific, intellectual, social and political aspects in Nasiriyah city.

This research focuses on the history of Alshannafiyah city, administerially part of AlDiwaniyah Division. This city was granted administrative sub-district by Ottoman in 1869, then became a district. However, it went back to be sub-district again, and section before it finally got back to be a district. This research surveys the administration of Alshannafiyah in the time of British occupation, focusing on the system of the municipalities of the city and its income, and the foundation of Alshibana (police) in Alshannafiyah. The research also sheds light on important historical events carried out by the political ruler of the city, till the 1920 revolution and the role of people in this revolution, especially Mr. Hadi Almugawtir.

Poetry is an entrance to the world of expression on human feelings and historical memoir localised in the course of accumulative history، events and figures. There was one kind of poetry that explained fundamentals of history، especially those of religion. In this regard، the poetic epic came to use in Ahlulbayt (PBUT) by Abdulmun’im Alfartosi. His epic was concerned with writing a historical، scientific، and dogmatic biography on Islamic ideology in general، and Ahlulbayt in particular. It was intended to uncover the details of their biography and what they offered and presented on beliefs and values of their moral، social، political and ideological project، in addition to other hypothesis on genuine Islam related to Ahlulbayt (PBUT). It also focused on their lives، biographies and struggle. We found that Alfartosi focused on all these issues in great precision and patience that motivate the fair reader to value this great literary work. This epic was the focus of this study that tried to investigate the fundamentals of this immortal epic.

The naming of objects and persons is affected by various traditions and values in different cultures, which all develop in accordance with time and place. Nominalization is subjected to creation when the creator constructs the name to be used as a linguistic sign explaining social reality of whatever object in the real world. This sign is new and has a priority, due to the intuitive construct it requires to formulate names that determine the impact of language in social vision, and what follows of synonyms related to the reality of agriculture, trade, architecture, worship, industry and beliefs.
This research is concerned with the creation of names – semantics and eccentricity – the investigation of the syntactic structures is the way to determine the characteristics of societies in Thi Qar province. The research employs interviews and conversation with old people to investigate the names and their references. The research, also, used old records and documents of the city, so as the research would finally resort to conversation (spoken) and document (written) language. There are three procedures followed in this research. First is concerned with cultural system or structure of names (semantics and openness). Second is the variation of motivation behind nominalizations and their meanings. Third is the investigation of linguistic examples of names and their meanings. The conclusion and bibliography are the final parts of the research.

The research deals with the history of the foundation of Diwaniyah City and its governmental classification، as it is considered the continuation of the old town of Al-Hasakah. It is an attempt to clear up the vagueness and ambiguity surrounding the history of this city، which some historians have called (the heart of the Middle Euphrates) or (the tribal capital).
The research also sheds light on the historical events in Diwaniyah and identifies the first signs of its founding، emergence، and development. The study aims to rewrite the city's history more accurately and correctly since its founding. We believe that the history of the governmental classification of the city falls into several possibilities، the oldest of which is that it was dependent on the city of Rummahiyah before the Ottoman period and perhaps at the beginning of the first Safavid period، and we will talk about that in some detail.