Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science

The aim of this study is to identify the variations of Sea Surface Temperature(SST) of the Mediterranean Sea and the variations of air surface temperature and to total precipitation over the Middle East. In order to find the possible correlation between SST and air surface temperature at 2 m (T2m)/total precipitation (TP) by using weather prediction tool, such as the spatial analysis by employing Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). The results show that the percentage of spatial variation of EOF1 for SST and T2m was 97% and 95% of total variance respectively, that indicate to have possible relationship between them while the spatial variance of TP record the lowest value in the period of study (1980-2009).

Continuouswavelet transformation(C.W.T) by MATLAB technique has been used to study the relations between the sunspot cycles (solar activity) with annual precipitation over Iraq (for about 10 cycles). Results indicated that the sunspot numbers have three main periods, around 11, 21 and 33 years, while the precipitation has the same periods in addition to a small period (3-7 years). By applying moving average according to the periodicities that found by continuous wavelet transformation, relations between solar cycles were closely related to the annual precipitation over Iraq

The study of sea surface temperature (SST) is fairly essential for solving many meteorological and oceanographic problem and climate system of the earth. The aim of this study is to explore the variation of SST of Mediterranean Sea during the period (1980-2009) by using statistical analysis technique such as time series and trend. The data obtained from the Europe center (ECMWF) and the resolution of the grid of the variable is 0.5°x0.5° and selects three locations (points) in the Mediterranean Sea. The seasonal variation of SST has the highest value of trend in summer season (0.06) for the points I, II, III, while the lowest value in the transition season, i.e. in spring (0.01) for point I and III and in Autumn (0.04) for point III.

The gene P53 can activate DNA repair proteins when DNA has sustained damage. So, it is an important factor in aging. Also, P53 gene can also be modified by mutagens (chemicals, radiation, or viruses), increasing the likelihood for uncontrolled cell division. For this importance, we collected thirty samples from Yarmouk hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. Twenty-nine from women patients carrying breast cancer and the last one was from healthy woman, and the samples that we have taken were embedded in paraffin wax. The extracted RNA from each sample was used to check the expression of a suppressor gene (P53) via Real time PCR. We designed primers of P53 gene on encoded sequence (Exon), to make sure generation a specific PCR product of P53 gene by converting mRNA to cDNA then PCR Product. The expression of each sample was fluctuated between 0.1 fold to 0.2 fold compared with the control (the healthy sample). The highest expression showed was samples 7 (0.2 fold), and the lowest expression showed was samples 27 (0.1 fold) that compared with control expression (sample 19). While the control expression was the highest (0.25 fold) among all samples. The results indicate that tumor may affects on a suppressor gene (P53) and can decrease the gene expression, and eventually can decrease the P53 suppressor protein that can be used it in the cell protection against cancer

In the last few decades there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. One such medicinal plant is Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae), which is commonly known as castor.All parts of the plant are important phloem, bark, leaves, flowers, seed and oil. The study was conducted on 15 mature rabbitsof either sex of 1-2 kg body weight and 1-2 years old. The animals were divided into three groups of 5 animals each. Animals of group I were exposed orally to ricin extract at a dose rate of 0.5 mg /kg b.wt. daily for 14 days, while those of group II were exposed orally to aqueous leaves extract 0.5mg /kg b.wt daily for 14 day, mean while those of group IIIwere left as a control group not exposed. The dependent parameters in the study were hemoglobin(Hb) concentration, total erythrocytes count, packed cells volume (PCV%), erythrocytes indices mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Total and differential leucocytes count (TLC and DLC), in addition to some biochemical tests of blood serum which obtained at day 14th post exposure. The results of the study were revealed that the ricin extract and leaf extract exhibited an effects on hematological pictures as the erythrocytes counts, erythrocytes indices, Hb concentration and PCV% decreased and the obvious effects were in the 14th day. Ricin extract was less effects on many dependent parameters in comparison with aqueous leaf extract. Total leucocytes count,neutrophils % was increased in both ricin and leaf extract, and the increasing were higher in the 7th day in Ricin extract group. The lymphocytes% was decreased. While monocytes, eosinophils,and basophils % did not show any significant changes in all groups. Neutrophil /lymphocyte(N/l), and monocyte /lymphocyte (M/l) increased in both exposed groups. Cholesterol (Chol),Triglyceride (TG)were increased, while total protein (TP)was decreased, Albumin (Alb), Cortisol(Cort), Total serum bilirubin (TSB) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)did not changed. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) value was increased, while Adenosine phosphatase (AP) value was deceased. In conclusion castor oil due to its content of ricin exhibit an effects on hematological and biochemical parameters that depended in the study, and the leaves extract was higher than seed extract in its effects.

The study was conducted for estimating antifungal activity against Candidaalbicansof ten essential oil, garlic and onion juice, eight disinfectants and detergents by using agar diffusion well method. The results showed high activity of clove oil, onion juice 50%, thyme oil, hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), lugol's iodine and detol for all the five concentration, sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) at 5%, while the effect of apple cider vinegar were at 60% and 80%. Sodium hypochlorite showed moderate activity at all concentration. The result of combination between clove oil and coconut oil led to synergistic effect while the combination between each of (1, 2, 3 % H2O2 with each of apple cider vinegar and NaCl), (sodium chloride with apple cider vinegar) and (pumpkin oil with clove oil) lead to antagonism as well as the same results were reportedwhen apple cider vinegar mixed with each of (thyme oil) and (clove oil with coconut oil). On the other hand, there is no synergistic or antagonistic effect of combination between 4-5% of H2O2with apple cider vinegar and NaCl solution to the growth of C. albicans. It was concluded that solitary use of compounds (clove oil, onion juice, thyme oil, H2O2, NaCl,lugol's iodine, detol, and apple cider vinegar) was associated with high antifungal response regarding C. albicans; efficacy was reduced when used in combination. In exception to above finding synergistic effect was identified when a combination between clove oil and coconut oil

A total of 50 environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosaisolates were collected from sewageand tap water in Baghdad, Iraq. The MICs of Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime were determined by using agar dilution method, The MIC ranged from 2 to 256 μg/ml.The results of antibiotic sensitivity test showed that among sewage P. aeruginosa isolates, resistance was observed most often to Ticarcillin (92%), Penicillin G (84%), Ceftazidime (12%), (8%) for each of Cefotaxime and Ticarcillin. On the other hand, all tap water isolates were sensitive to Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin,Except (5%) of isolates were resistant to Cefotaxime (25%) to Ceftazidime and (95%) to Ticarcillin. All isolates were tested for Extended--Lactamase (ESBL) production. Tenisolates (20%) were found to be ESBL producers. All environmental P. aeruginosa isolates were screened for the presence of the blaCTX-M genes by application PCR, Only (30%) of them were positive for this test.

Association between Procalcitonin(PCT) and C-reactive protein(CRP) and burn injury was evaluated in 80 burned patients from Al-Kindy and Imam Ali hospitals in Baghdad-Iraq. Patients were divided into two groups, survivor group 56 (70%) and non-survivor group 24 (30%). PCTwas estimated using (Human Procalcitonin ELISA kit) provided by RayBio/USA while CRPwas performed using a latex agglutination kit from Chromatest (Spain). Our results declared that the mean of Total Body Surface Area (TBSA %) affected were 63.5% range (36%95%) in non-survivor patients, while 26.5% range (10%70%) in survivor patients. There is a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.00), the higher mean percentage of TBSA has a significant association with mortality. Serum PCT and CRP were measured at the three times of sampling (within the first 48hr following admission, after 5thdays and after 10thdays). The mean of PCT serum concentrations in non-survivor group (2638 ± 3013pg/ml) were higher than that of survivor group (588 ± 364pg/ml). Significantly high levels of CRP were found between the survivor and non-survivor groups especially in the 10th day of admission P=0.000, present study show that significant differences is found within the non-survivor group through the three times P= 0.01, while results were near to significant differences within survivor group through the three times (P= 0.05).

A total of 801 samples included 179 clinical samples and 622 animal samples were collected from Baghdad province. All samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates to isolate Proteus mirabilis bacteria. Results showed that rate isolates of P. mirabilis from clinical and animal samples were 25.89% (51/179) and 5.95% (37/622) respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that lowest resistance rates for clinical P. mirabilis isolates were 3.9% for ciprofloxacin, 7.8% for norfloxacin, 9.8% for imipenem, 13.7% for levofloxacin and 15.7% for cefotaxime, and highest resistance rates were 82.4% for cefepime, 78.4% for piperacillin, 56.9% for ceftazidime and 54.9% for cefoxitin. In regards to animal isolates, they were 100% sensitive to cefoxitin and 100% resistance to piperacillin. Their resistance rates were 2.7% to amikacin,5.4% to ciprofloxacin and 8.1% to cefepime, imipenem and levofloxacin. The results revealed that all P. mirabilis isolates were 100% multidrug resistance for 2-8 antibiotics. Extended -lactamases produced were detected in 52.94% of clinical P. mirabilis isolates and in 48.65% of animal isolates.

The present study used 20malerabbitsthat dividedrandomly to fourgroups(each group consist 5 rabbits), control group received only normal diet, the group received carbon tetrachloride(CCL4) for forty days, the group treated (orally) with carbon tetrachloride and (100mg/per day) root extract for forty days, the fourth treated with carbon tetrachloride and (200mg/per day) root extract for forty days. the rabbits that treated with carbon tetrachloride showed decreased in the counts, motility, number of living sperms and increased the deformity of sperms with decreased the levels of LH, FSH and testosterone show high significant changes (P <0.05)compare with control. In contrast, these parameters still normal when the groups that administrated with Panax ginseng root extract. It was concluded that the root extract play important role against heavy metals that causes fertility of male rabbits

Cyclical angiogenesis in the ovary is a unique process supporting normal folliculogenesis as well as lute genesis. In this report we investigated the reactivity of rabbit anti Pseudomonas aeruginosa antisera with ovarian blood vessels. Tissues stained with anti-sera were immunohistochemically visualized using biotinylated anti rabbit immunoglobulin and peroxidase conjugated streptavidin. Positive staining sites depend on anti-stain type, however, staining was observed in endothelial cell and tunica adventitia in most cases.On the other hand, corpus luteum blood vessels showed a positive staining pattern as well.We conclude from this study that a peculiar staining pattern was seen in ovarian blood vessels stained with rabbit anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa hyper immune sera, the importance of this reactivity need further investigation.

Cartenoids are group of pigments,with enormous types different structurally and functionally,have colors range from red to yellow found in a wide variety of plants, fungi, algae and bacteria.The animals took from food because they cannot make it, on contrary, the plants and microbes produce them due to subjection to environment. The aim of the study is to isolate and characterize the cartenoid pigment from Micrococcus luteus. The pigment extraction was done by acetone, and then was characterized with UltraViolet-Visible spectroscopy (UVVis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Then, it was tested for antibacterial activity against five different bacterial isolates and antifungal activity tests against six different fungal isolates by well diffusion method. The results found that, the extracted pigment having antibacterial activity and antifungal activity and having the ability to absorb UVA rays within the range of 300-500 nm. There was no significant difference in antimicrobial effect of pigment, even when the extraction and isolation were done by two culture mediums (Nutrient Broth and Luria Bertani Broth). There were considerable inhibition percentages of adhesion after subjection to Cartenoid pigment ranged between (5.71, 23.84) % for Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively and all the 11 isolate changed from Biofilm producer to non-producer. The isolated compound can be used against different bacterial and fungal infections. So they had a great future in medicine, cosmetics and as a sun protecting agent.

The antibacterial effect of citrus peel lemon againstthe bacterial strainsobtained from the filters of air conditioners have been selected based on the presence most in these filters such as Streptococcus, Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas, E coli. agar well diffusion method used to evaluate antibacterial activity of citrus peels water extract. through the results became clear to us that the cold aqueous extract of lemon peel showed a significant effect on the growth of bacterial species through the diameters of inhibition zone that appeared in all concentrations of the extract (125, 250, 500, 1000) mg/ml. Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus spp were the most affected Where the diameters of inhibition zone (18, 15, 12, 0, 0) mm respectively, while The Gram-negative bacteria E coli least affected. The results obtained in this study indicate that citrus lemon peel can be used in the treatment of diseases caused by organisms for the purposes of the pharmaceutical.

Solgeltechnique conducted to synthesize nano titanium dioxide with anthraquenone(AQ) relatively in acidic pH. Nanoparticles were characterized using techniques like, Scanning Electrion Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), UV-Visible Spectrioscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), SEM picture display that the TiO2/AQ is spherical in style, the band gap of TiO2/AQ nanoparticle is (3.05eV), BET and BJH analysis provides Pore volume and specific Surface area and the kinetic studie Suggest that the reaction is pseudo first order and the rate of reaction was reduce with rising initial concentration for p-Nitrotolune.

n present work, hypothetical and experimental investigations of the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution utilizing Schiff base namely 2-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (DH), was done. The inhibition characteristics of DH for the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution was explored utilizing weight loss strategy. The outcome has demonstrated that the DH is an excellent inhibitor of corrosion of mild steel in HCl. Inhibition efficiencies were 81%, 69% and 36% at 303K, 313K and 323K respectively, that mean the inhibition efficiency of the DH as corrosion inhibitor diminished as temperature expanded and expanded with expansion in concentration. The corrosion inhibition DH was synthesized and it structure was elucidate based on spectroscopic techniques.

The present study investigated the key parameters and mechanism affecting the removal of Gentian Violet (GV) dye from aqueous medium, using Activated Carbon (AC) produced from hull of Aldhnan. The AC characterized by FTIR spectra to indicate the surface Characteristic groups of adsorbent affect the adsorption. The pH at point of zero charge showed the anionic nature of adsorbent surface and by using batch mode, the study considering the typical condition for adsorption of GV dye by the AC such as; effect of initial dye concentration, pH and contact time. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium constants was achieved at 305K and the Langmuir isotherm model fit for the equilibrium data better than Freundlich model. Kinetics of adsorption was studied by testing the data in the pseudo first order (Lagergren Equation) and pseudo second order model and the adsorption of GV dye onto AC obeyed pseudo second order model. Thermodynamic studies exhibit that the adsorption reaction is endothermic in nature and spontaneous.

Blood cells are composed of erythrocytes (Red BloodCells (RBCs)), the shape of RBC changes when the body suffers from different diseases such as Anemia. Classification of such diseases helps the medical technician to decide the type of Anemia in Laboratory analyzes in the hospitals. This paper proposed an automatic classification algorithm, which discriminates the different types of Anemia using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm and Decision tree. The proposed algorithm consists of four steps, at the first step preprocessing steps are applied on the RBC image, these RBC images then segmented in the second step, features are extracted using moment invariant in third step, this features are considered input to PCA so as to produced features vectors, at a final step features vector are inputted to Decision Tree to classify RBC image. Best classifications rates are (92%) obtained when using PCA algorithm compared with (74.1 %) which are obtained without applying PCA algorithm.

In the current study,we have been derivedsome Bayesian estimationsof the scale parameter of Maxwell distribution using the New loss function (NLF) which it called Generalized weighted loss function, assuming non-informative prior, namely, Jefferys prior and information prior, represented by Inverted Levy prior. Based on Monte Carlo simulation method, those estimations are compared depending on the mean squared errors (MSE's). The results show that, the behaviorof Bayesian estimation under New loss function using Inverted Levy prior when (k=0, c=3) is the better behavior than other estimates for all cases.

The propose of this paper is to present some results concerningthe symmetric generalizedBiderivations when their traces satisfies some certain conditions on an ideal of prime and semiprime rings. We show that a semiprime ring R must have a nontrivial central ideal if it admits appropriate traces of symmetric generalized Biderivations, under similar hypothesis we prove commutativity in prime rings.

In this paper, we shall study the existence of a new class called fractionalCaputo type of order 01 sobolev type fractional order differential Equations motion in separable Banach spaces. The class of impulsive nonlinear fractional order bilinear control differential Equationswith Riemann Leovel differential initial value studied and discussed also given the important results for the almost periodic mild solution to be sTable by using Menards function and granwal fractional inequality.

In this work we introduce some functions by using cocompact open sets and semi cocompact open sets in m-structure space namely, m-coc-continuous, m-coc*-continuous, m-coc**-continuous, m-coc-compact, m-s-coc-continuous, m-s-coc*-continuous, m-s-coc**-continuous functions the relationships between these concepts have been studied also we give some facts,examples and propositions to illustrate our results.

t was calculated the average concentrations of elements manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and lead in the sixteen samples of drinking water (tap water), were collected from different areas in the Baghdad city. The Results indicated that the average of concentrations of the elements Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni and Cd (0.44ppm, 0.49ppm, 0.04ppm, 0.17ppm and 1.2ppm respectively) higher than permissible limit while the concentrations of elements Cu and Zn (0.11ppm and 0.14ppm respectively) were lower than the permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) standards (1ppm and 3ppm) respectively for drinking water and the concentration of Arsenic in the nuclear lab sample in college of sciences - Mustansiriyah University was higher than permissible limit. All the drinking water samples were analyzed and determined the physical and chemical properties such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The -Tuwaitha sample and the lowest value -Sadr City (Sector 7) sample for the Electrical Conductivity. The pH values ranged from (7.0-8.2). The average levels of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), the highest value was 550 mg/L in the Diyala Bridge sample while the lowest value 276mg/L in Al-Sadr City (Sector 7) sample. The results were compared with national and international standards, and itvalues of the parameters within the permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) standards, except the Electrical Conductivity values for some samples were higher than permissible limit. According to these results, all the water projects must be monitored as well as using the proper and modern techniques for treatment the drinking water.

The objective of this study is to assess the influence of nano-particle Fe2O3thin film thickness on some physical properties which were prepared by magnetron DC- sputtering on glass substrate at room temperature. The structure was tested with X-Ray diffraction and it was to be amorphous and to become single crystal with recognized peak in (003) after annealing at temperature 500oC. The physical properties as a function of deposition parameters and then film thickness werestudied. The optical properties such as absorbance, energy gap and some optical constants are measured and found that of about (3eV) energy gap.

In this search the investigation of electric field behavior with current for BiPbSrCaCuZnxO film at (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1). Where observed two regions, first (linear region) field be constant nearly, and another region increase quickly

Effects of methyl green (MG) dye on the optical properties of polystyrene (PS) have been studied. Pure polystyrene and MG doped PS films were prepared by using casting method. These films were characterized using UV/VIS spectrophotometer technique in order to estimate the type of electric transition which was found to be indirect transition. The value of the optical energy gap was decreased with increasing doping ratios of methyl green dye. Absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index and energy gap have been also investigated; it was found that all the above parameters affects by doping dye

The applications of epoxy nanocomposites have been increased in fast, in technological applications and engineering materials for seal and sliding components in many machines, devices, tools and variance vehicles. In this research friction and wear coefficients of epoxy reinforced by nanoparticles silicon carbide in terms of variance volume fractions have been tested. Mechanical layup method with ultrasonic technique for the dispersion of the nanoparticles within the epoxy are used. Wear and friction coefficients tests are created out using pin -on-disc technique. The results showed significant improvement in wear resistance and low coefficient of friction for 10 Vol. % nanocomposites compared with the epoxy alone. It can be concluded from scanning electron microscopy results before and after the tests that the wear was transformed from the severe to the moderate