Journal of University of Babylon

The current research studies (the stylistic identity of the shapes of contemporary ceramic jugs), considering that the stylistic identity plays an important role in our contemporary world by including a group of concepts, ideas and visions that try to encompass the concept and cling to it, and this is reflected in the field of ceramics through the uniqueness and distinctiveness of each potter’s personality.
Based on the nature of dealing with the topic, the research was divided into four chapters. The first chapter included the problem of the research, its importance, the need for it, and the goal of the research (identifying the stylistic identity of the shapes of contemporary ceramic jugs). The chapter also included a definition of the research terms. The second chapter studied the theoretical framework and previous studies, and it consisted of three sections, the first section included (stylistic identity in plastic art), the second section included (the organizational foundations of the form of artistic jugs), and the third included (the origins of ceramic jugs), and the chapter ended with indicators of the theoretical framework and previous studies. The third chapter included the research procedures, as the research community included (15) models from which a sample was extracted intentionally, amounting to (3) sample models that covered the limits of the research by adopting the descriptive method to analyze the research sample. The fourth chapter included the results, their discussion, the conclusions of the research, its recommendations and proposals, which expressed ideas and contents based on the applications of the stylistic identity of the shapes of the jugs in the ceramic work. The most important results are the following:
1- The contemporary international potter derived the shapes of ceramic teapots from the natural, social, and cultural environment surrounding him, which contributed to giving those teapots characteristics, characteristics, and distinctive stylistic identity. Which worked to reverse the extent of its impact on the place physically and on the mental image of the sensory-perceived thing.
2- Contemporary potter resorted to unity in repeating some of the formal structural units in contemporary ceramic jugs, to contribute to focusing on the intellectual, artistic and aesthetic concept that was intended to be conveyed to the recipient, and to confirm the effectiveness of its content, which formulated a stylistic identity closer to Suprematism, and conceptual art and its representations in (art is a language).
The most important conclusions were:
1- The stylistic identity of the forms of contemporary ceramic jugs came in line with the intellectual and conceptual references of the arts of modernity and beyond as an objective, material alternative to everything that is sensual and unrealistic (imaginative) in light of the tremendous development and great spread of ideas and conceptual proposals that have affected all fields and levels, including art.
2-As a result of the potter’s investment in a different and varied vocabulary for the shapes of contemporary ceramic jugs, this led to radical transformations in the field of ceramics at the level of formal, technical, aesthetic and artistic structure that can be monitored and documented.

The research aims to estimate the volume of surface runoff and its spatial distribution, as the research problem focuses on the climatic fluctuation of rainfall, as the world is witnessing climatic changes represented by rising temperatures and lack of rain, which has led to the expansion of large areas of barren areas. The Ain al-Marrat basin is administratively located within the Najaf Governorate between two longitude lines (20° 50° 43° - 30° 6° 44°) to the east and two latitudes (20° 51° 31° - 3° 1° 32°) to the north. It is considered one of the seasonal basins with an area of (160.5 km2), where the (SCS-CN) method was relied upon, as it is one of the important methods for arriving at accurate estimates. To determine the volume of surface runoff, to determine the hydrological type of soil, and to determine the type of vegetation cover. This method was applied to Wadi Ain al-Marrat using geographic information system software (ArcGis10.4). And remote sensing techniques, which require several stages of equations, procedures, and the approved mathematical formula to measure surface runoff in the study area.

Grammatical interpretation is one of the means that grammarians have resorted to in order to get rid of the conflict of eloquent texts - especially the Holy Qur’an - with the rules that they have established. It has become an important basis on which they have relied in restricting the rules and grammatical guidance of many Arabic texts, and thus it is an industry and a trick used as a pretext. Grammarians use it to avoid some formulas and structures deviating from the established many language rules and methods that they have established.
Interpretation has a close connection to a group of linguistic issues that force scholars to resort to it, such as: introduction and delay in texts, deletion and addition, inclusion and representation.

Abstract:
The current research consists of four chapters, the first of which is concerned with stating the research problem, which is represented in the following question: What are the representations of the Greek-Egyptian cultural cross-pollination in the products of Hellenistic Egyptian pottery? The research aims to identify the cultural cross-pollination and its representations in Hellenistic Egyptian pottery. The second chapter includes three topics: The first topic: Cultural life in Egypt in the Hellenistic era. The second topic: The emergence and development of Hellenistic pottery art in Egypt, then the indicators that the theoretical framework number ended with. The third chapter included the research procedures related to the research community, the research sample, the research tool, the research methodology, and then the analysis of the research sample of 5 models of Hellenistic pottery productions in Egypt. The fourth chapter included results and inquiries. The most important results of the research are:
1- The cultural and artistic mixing between the Greeks and the Eastern cultures led to an increase in demand for art, which led to the development of Greek art to reflect the variables of the Hellenistic period. The aesthetics of Hellenistic pottery were characterized by simplicity, emotion, and decorative effects.
2- 2- In the Hellenistic era, the production of monochromatic pottery spread, due to the expansion of trade with the East, which contributed to the abundance of production and the lack of interest in decorative aspects.
Hence, the research results tend towards Hellenistic pottery thanks to its magic arising from its idea and its artistic breadth of the ideal three-dimensional image of classical Greek and Roman arts.

This article deals with the study of seventeen unpublished seals dated to different periods in Mesopotamia. These seals represented part of the confiscated seals held by the Iraq Museum. Its artistic scenes represent the visual culture of the people of Mesopotamia and their impression of basic elements closely related to the nature of life, religious and social beliefs and practices. This study relied on documenting this group of seals, while trying to link the content or meaning of the symbolic images that were engraved on them, such as the beliefs in which they believed, using the descriptive analytical approach in this study.

The current research contained four chapters. The first chapter included the research problem and the goal of the research, which is to identify the formal references in the works of the potter Charles Cato, in addition to the importance of research, the need for it, and defining terminology. The second chapter included the theoretical framework and previous studies, which contained two sections. The first section is the concept of form. The second section included the environment as an intellectual and cultural reference, while the third section included the aesthetics of modern French ceramics. The third section included the research procedures, including the research community, the research sample, the research tool, and the research methodology, while the fourth section included results, conclusions, recommendations, and proposals. The researcher reached the most important results:
1. Potter Charles Cato used artistic scenes from the natural environment represented by the use of animal forms that were embodied by a family of monkeys in a natural scene, and this is evident in model (1)
2. Potter Charles Cato depicted a scene of African farmers working in a family structure consisting of a man, a woman, and a child in Model No. (3).
As for the conclusions:
1. The arts of ancient civilizations were considered an intellectual element pressing on the potter’s imagination because of their aesthetic and expressive values.
2. Technology has been an effective tool in representing scenes in the works of potter Charles Cato by imitating techniques in ancient civilizations.
3. The potter’s reliance on representing realistic shapes is merely a means of creating a communicative vision between the sender and the recipient.
The research also included a summary of the research in Arabic and English and a list of sources.

This research focuses on the study of (The Pragmatics of Discourse of the Images of the Husseini Revolution in the Arts of Middle-East). The Husseini revolution and the story of martyrdom of Imam Hussein (PBUH), and all his family and his companions have significant impact on the graphic art of the Middle-East.
Artists expressed it in different aesthetic perspective ways. Each artist has their own unique style of visually representing the incident that carried the values of rights, reformation, correcting the corrupt situations and the course of the Islamic nation. The Middle-East artists have expressed it by incarnating the images, signs and bodies.
This leads to have effective aesthetic and expressive perspectives works that are consistent with the valuable images of sacrifice and redemption, and documenting painful incidents that befell the Prophet's household, especially the sufferings of women and children from blatant attacks, as well as the grand sacrifices of the Holy Household (PBUT) and their chosen companions in the battle between truth and falsity.
The research is formed from four chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to state the problem and importance of the research and the need of it. The aim of the study is to state The Pragmatics of Discourse of the Images of the Husseini Revolution in the Arts of Middle-East in the period from 2016 to 2023 in Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and Bahrain, and determining the most important terms that are come out in the study. The current problem of the research has emerged from the following question: what is the pragmatics of discourse of the images of the Husseini Revolution in the arts of Middle-East? How does the artist tackle it?
The second chapter is tackling the theoretical framework. It is formed from three subjects; the first subject is tackling the concept of the pragmatics of discourse, the second one is tackling al-Taf incident as an analytic study, and the third subject is tackling the experiences of the modern graphic art in the Middle-East. The third chapter is tackling the procedures of the research. The final chapter contains results recommendations, conclusions and suggestions.

The current research (The impact of advertising promotion on the products of potter Stephanie H. Shih) included an attempt to study and understand the recipient of the impact of advertising promotion and how it is represented, as it represents an accurate and comprehensive translation of the ideas that are intended to be conveyed to the target audience in a tangible, tangible form. Meaning conveying ideas, contents and perceptions to the recipients through an audible or read word, an image or a visual scene, or integrating all of these things and placing them in a purposeful structural framework through which the idea arrives and the goal of advertising promotion is achieved as a means of cognitive and aesthetic expression and communication, by stimulating the recipient’s aesthetic feeling by perceiving the image. Realistic visual. With an explanation of how the concept appears in the field of contemporary global ceramics as an attempt to define it at the level of application as much as possible.
Based on the nature of studying the subject, the research was divided into four chapters, the first chapter included the research problem, its importance, the need for it, and the goal of the research (to know the impact of advertising promotion on the products of potter Stephanie H. Shih), and the chapter also included the temporal limits of ( 2010-2023) for contemporary ceramic works, and the chapter was concerned with defining the most important search terms. As for the second chapter, it consisted of two sections. The first section included (advertising promotion in plastic art), while the second section included (the manifestations of the advertising image in contemporary ceramics), and the chapter ended with indicators of the theoretical framework and previous studies. The third chapter included the research procedures, as the research community included (15) models from which a sample was extracted intentionally, amounting to (3) sample models that covered the limits of the research by adopting the descriptive analytical approach to analyze the research sample and achieve its goal. The fourth chapter included the results, their discussion, and the research’s conclusions, recommendations, and proposals, which expressed ideas and contents based on applications of the impact of advertising promotion on the products of potter Stephanie H. Shih.

The research seeks to use the GIS Technique for the purpose of adopting them in the cartographic representation of the secondary and technical schools in terms of their number, the number of their students, and the number of teaching staff members. The map is one of the most prominent methods of visual analysis in our current era، as it is possible to analyze the phenomena with high accuracy with conciseness. For effort and time limits, schools, classrooms and buildings is concentrated in the center of Hilla District at the present time and the future expectation of a rise in population density there, while the best way to represent the educational service It depends on the nature of the data and the amount of variation in it.

Since man became aware of cash as a means of dealing and exchange, cash crimes have arisen, including the crime of smuggling cash and dealing in foreign currency, the subject of the study, so that the latter has become the backbone of economic life, whether at the regional or international level, as it has not been spared from attempts to harm it since its appearance until today. Given the extreme importance that foreign exchange enjoys in the practical life of every person, in addition to its position in the economic, political and social sphere, cash smuggling crimes also represent serious crimes that affect the financial reputation of the state and deprive it of the benefits it accrues from foreign exchange, whether this comes through import and export or From what individuals obtain from their dealings with countries that deal in dollars, protecting foreign exchange requires criminalizing actions that lead to harming it. The more these banknotes become stable, the more it reflects positively on society.

The research shed light on the economic activity of the Central African countries after their liberation from the control of Western colonialism, given the agriculture, forests, minerals, swamps, lakes and highlands that these countries enjoy. Their wealth was a reason for continuous foreign intervention in their affairs. As for the state of extreme poverty that their people were experiencing, It is due to the state of internal political instability that these countries experienced, and the corruption that prevailed in the administration that has ruled since independence, in addition to Western control over their wealth, and in addition to that, the lack of studied and programmed economic plans, as well as the lack of technical expertise and urban renaissance. As a result, these countries continued to suffer. Since its independence from the state of instability and comprehensive chaos that pervaded most of its lands, foreign interference in its affairs had a clear role in its escalation, spread, and continuation, which created a state of violence and counter-violence among national forces. However, the countries of Central Africa have striven to attract development capital from Other countries such as China and Japan since their independence, as well as the trend of some of these countries towards socialism in order to support their nascent economy.