Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences)

Abstract
The present study focused on petrography of sandstone in Injana Formation in Sulymaniyah( Northern Iraq) namly ; Bazian (Bz) and the other in Wasit( eastern Iraq) namly Zurbatiya(Zu) . Twenty samples were selected, nine of which represent Bazian (Bz) samples and eleven samples representing Zurbatiya(Zu) samples in term of petrography study . The study revealed that monocrystalline quartz represents the major quartz type and its lowest percentage was observed in Bazian (Bz) while the highest percentage was observed in Zurbatiyah (Zu) that related with increasing distance from probably source from north east Iraq because high stability of quartz in the long distance of transportation. Polycrystalline quartz is a function of grain size and it increase with increasing grain size, therefor, the highest average record in Bazian compared to Samples of Zurbatyah . These grains (monocrystalline and polycrystalline quartz) showed dominant straight and wavy extinction which resulted from the stress on quartz grains that suggested they derived from plutonic igneous rock or metamorphic rock. These grains are angular, sub-angular and sub- rounded and these criteria are characteristic of immature sandstone. Orthoclase and microcline are sub- angular to sub -rounded with a slight difference in percentages were observed in sample of Bazian(Ba) and Zurbatiyah (Zu). Plagioclase is very angular to sub- angular. However, Orthoclase and plagioclase may be derived from plutonic igneous rock or metamorphic rocks .Microcline is commonly found in the plutonic igneous rocks . The highest average of carbonate rock fragments was record in Zurbatiyah (Zu) in compression with Bazian, , while the highest average of metamorphic and igneous rock fragments was in Bazian (Ba) compared to Zurbatiyah (Zu). Petrographic classification indicated that the samples of Bazian and Zurbatiyah (Zu) are Calclithite , moreover Litharenite, but the samples of Bazian are Lithic arenite to Calci Lithic arenite, wheareas Zurbatiyah (Zu) are Calci Lithic arenite , This reflects the effect of the increase of carbonate rock fragments in Zurbatiyah (Zu) . Provenance ,the studied samples indicated that the recycled orogen (Undissected Arc) and Lithic Recycled sediments.

Abstract
The 4,6-bis((E)-(3-nitrophenyl)diazenyl) benzene-1,3-diol (1), 4-((E)-(3-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)-6-((E)-(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)benzene -1,3-diol (2), 4-((E)-(2-nitrophenyl) diazenyl)-6-((E)-(3-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diol (3), 4,6-bis((E)-(2-nitrophenyl) diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diol (4), (N-(4-hydroxy-3-(((4-(5-(p-tolyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)diazenyl)phenyl)acetamide (5), 3-(isopropylamino)-1-(4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)-1-((3-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)propan-2-ol (6), 3-(isopropylamino)-1-(4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)-1-((2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)propan-2-ol (7) and 4-(((4-(5-(p-tolyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl) diazenyl)benzene-1,3-diol (8) were synthesised. The resulting diazo dyes and pharmaceutical azo dyes were characterized by IR, UV-visible, mass spectrum and 1H NMR spectrum respectively. All the synthetic azo dyes were provided non-toxic effects, and didn't show any hemolysis effect in the blood cells. The azo compounds were reduced human breast MDA-MB231 cancer cells growth, after 24h treatment with 100µM. Further, the results of human DNA binding of each azo dye were indicated its ability to damage DNA. Due to recommend the synthetic, non-toxic azo dyes as novel drugs for treatment of human breast MDA-MB231 cancer cells through its ability to destroy the DNA of the cancer cells.

Abstract
This study was interested with fluid flow through narrow tubes. Finite volume method has been used as a numerical technique by the aid of computer to achieve the study. Cylindrical narrow tubes, represented as case A and case B have been used. Case A was a tube of radius (2 cm) and length (20 cm) while case B which has been used to investigate the effect of narrow tube on fluid flow was a tube of radius (2 mm) and length (20 mm). The initial conditions and boundary conditions for both cases were similar. Due to its widespread applications, air has been used as fluid material for the both cases. No slip condition at the wall has been used and viscous fluid flow was considered for both cases. Different parameters have been investigated for the two cases and have been compared to each other such as velocity magnitude, dynamic pressure, static pressure and wall shear stress. Case A has Reynold's number (Re) higher than case B. The velocity profiles of fully developed flow were compared with the parabolic velocity profile. Clear difference between the two cases A and B has been shown because of the narrowness of case B. The maximum velocity was at the tube centerline and zero at the tubes wall because of no slip condition was applied. Due to the differences in the diameters of the two cases, the results showed apparent differences between the two cases for velocity magnitude, dynamic pressure, static pressure and wall shear stress as well. The results of this study could be important for applications which include air flow in narrow tubes.

Abstract
The existence of Torque teno virus (TTV) DNA in different organs indicates the presence of wide affinity to the host cell. The present study aimed to detect TTV molecularly in the samples of haemoglobinopathies and haematological malignancies patients. The results of semi-nested PCR showed a positive amplification in 2 % of serum samples of haemoglobinopathies patients, while no positive amplification was observed in 50 EDTA bloods samples of haematological malignancies patients. One sample of positive cases was sequenced successively. The sequence was compared with deposited copies of TTV in the NCBI using BLAST software and the results showed a sequence 96.64% with KY750543.1. The result of the nucleotide sequence analysis has shown mutations at TTV genome corresponding to ORF1. The phylogenetic analysis results of our case ORF1 sequence with several selected ORF1 copies from NCBI displayed five main clades included grouping of our case ORF1 with the Italian (AJ402211.1) one in the same clade. The result of the amino acids sequence analysis was produced one peptide (58 amino acids) that showed a similarity of 68.97% with unnamed peptide (partial [Torque teno virus] Sequence ID: BAA74998.1 Length: 67) and a 51.72% with ORF1 (partial [Torque teno virus] Sequence ID: AAL08949.1 Length: 84). The present study concluded that the prevalence of TTV infections was remarkably low and it exhibits extensive genetic variation.

Abstract
The prevalence of Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBLs) enzymes are considered a large problem all over the world. The misuse of broad-spectrum-antibiotics especially in immunocoprmized and hospitalized patients has lead to emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae and several Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), for that reason, there\'s an urgent need to investigate these enzymes by a continuously examination and blood culture of these patients. Blood samples n=147 were collected from Hemodialysis patients that treatment in Basrah General Teaching Hospital and Al-Sader Hospital in Basrah governorate south of Iraq, conventional microbiological methods (Biochemical tests) and also molecular methods by implified 16s rDNA and genetic sequence analysis, were used to dignosis the common types of Gram-negative bacteria and two methods were used, double disc synergy test (DDST) and double disc approximation method (DAM) to detect the present of ESBLs-enzymes in these samples. Twenty seven of Gram-negative bacteria were obtained out of 147 blood samples, and out of 27 GNB, 16(59.3 %) was positive produced ESBLs-enzymes. Cefotaxime (CTX), was found to be the more sensitive to detect the ESBLs-enzymes.

Abstract
The standard Penetration Test (SPT) results are used to describe and evaluate the consistency of cohesive soils and the compactness of the non-cohesive soils of Teeb dam site. This hydraulic structure located on Teeb river at the north east of Missan governorate is proposed to collect and regulate flood water of winter season and groundwater recharge. The SPT results are also used to calculate the relative density and the angle of internal friction after correcting the N- values. Relative density values range between 38- 96 % and internal angle of friction range between 27.65- 45º. The bearing capacity of beds in the proposed Teeb dam site is classified according to SPT value to four main beds, very stiff silty clay, medium dense poorly graded sand , dense poorly graded gravel and very dense poorly graded gravel mixed with sand.

Abstract
This paper introduces a study of bifurcation of extremals of functions of codimensions eight and twenty four at the origin. We have used the boundary singularities of smooth maps to study the bifurcation analysis of these functions. We have found the parametric equation of the caustic with the geometric description of this caustic. In addition, we have found bifurcation spreading of the critical points by introducing an application on one of our results.

Abstract
In this paper, we studied and analyzed of the discontinuous Galerkin nite element (DGFE)
method of linear convection-di usion problem. We have proved that the properties of the bilin
ear form a(uv), (V elliptic and continuity). Considered the error estimate in the semi-discrete
DGFE method where chopping with respect to space variables only is applied, whereas time
remains continuous and proved the approximate solution is converges with error of o(h). The
theoretical results are illustrated by numerical experiments of steady-state DGFE method for
(SIPG, NIPG, IIPG), when the penalty parameter is su ciently large and showed the e ect
of penally parameter and the parameter to the numerical solutions.

Abstract
In this paper, we constructed an example for a warped product of the Hermitian manifold and real line for a class of Kenmotsu type. On the associated G-structure space, the conditions required for the mentioned class to be of constant pointwise Φ-holomorphic sectional curvature tensor are obtained. New classes of almost contact metric manifolds introduced and their relationships with our class are found. We studied the generalized Sasakian-space-forms and the conditions that satisfied our class, new classes and Einstein manifold are investigated.

Abstract
The aims of this paper: to employ the fractional shifted Legendre polynomials (FSLPs) to approximate the fractional temporal derivatives by using definition Caputo formula for fractional differential operator. The space derivatives of the order integers are approximated depending on the shifted Legendre polynomials. The numerical tests suggest for two examples that the proposed approach are efficient and robust in its solutions for the time-fractional bioheat equation. Furthermore, some the preliminaries and definitions of the fractional derivatives, theorems and lemmas related to the fractional shifted Legendre polynomials are inserted to verify the convergence results of the algorithm under consideration. Finally, we discussed the error analysis.

Abstract
The characteristics of reservoir require reliable knowledge of certain fundamental reservoir properties. Log measurements can define or at least infer these properties: resistivity, porosity, shale volume, lithology, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation and permeability. The current study represents evaluation of petrophysical properties in wells Fa-1, Fa-2 and Fa-3 in Faiha oilfield and in well Snd-2 in Sindibad oilfield of Mishrif and Yamama formations, southern Iraq. The petrophysical evaluation was based on well logs data to delineate the reservoir characteristics of Mishrif and Yamama formations. The available well logs such as (Gamma ray, SP, Resistivity (MSF, ILL), Sonic, Density and Neutron logs) are digitized using Didger software (v.4). The environmental corrections and petrophysical parameters such as porosity, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation and shale volume were computed and interpreted using Interactive Petrophysics software (IP). Petrophysical properties were determined and plotted as computer processing interpretation (CPI) using Interactive Petrophysics software. Lithological study of Mishrif Formation appears that it consists mainly of interbedded limestone, dolomite and shale, whereas lithological study of Yamama Formation appears that it consists mainly of interbedded limestone, dolomite and shale in some depths. Interpretations of well logs of Mishrif Formation in well Snd-2 it have good hydrocarbon saturation. Results also referred that hydrocarbon saturation and permeability in some ranges of the formation especially in MB unit is very high, in addition to the low movable oil and this may indication of the heavy oil in the formation. While interpretations of well logs of Yamama Formation in well Fa-1 indicated high hydrocarbon saturation. In general, the reservoir characteristics of Yamama Formation in Fa-1 are better than wells Fa-2 and Snd-2, and reservoir characteristics of Mishrif Formation in well Snd-2 better than Fa-1 and Fa-3 according to petrophysical properties and hydrocarbon saturation. Mishrif Formation in Faiha oilfield is divided into nine zones and nine zones in Sindibad oilfield, while Yamama Formation is divided into six zones in Faiha oilfield and seven zones in Sindibad oilfield according to Behavior of well logs and Shale volume.

Abstract
In this research Polymer Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization method. Optical properties for pure PANI synthesized and PANI/GR nanocomposite films with different weight percentage of Graphene (1%, 3%, and 5%) were investigated using UV-visible double beam spectrophotometer within spectral region (300-900) nm for two cases before and after doping. The experimental results show that the optical properties such as absorbance, reflection, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive coefficient, dielectric Constants and optical conductivity increased with an increasing of the concentration of Graphene (GR), as well as the results indicate that the values of transmittance and optical energy gap for direct allowed transition decreasing from 3.52 eV to 3.23 eV with increasing ratio of doping.

Abstract
For the experimental and theoretical importance of the time – dependent spin transport through quantum dots structures, the electromagnetic field–assisted spin transport through T–shaped double quantum dots embedded between two not normal leads are studied and analyzed. The time – dependent Hamiltonian, that describes the device, follows the tight binding scheme by taking all the spin dependent coupling interactions between the subsystems into consideration. The theoretical treatment is accomplished using the time – evolution operator approach, since the equations of motion in the interaction representation for the time – evolution operator matrix elements are derived. The thirty two intgro-differential equations of motion for both spin are solved numerically by using sixth order Runge Kutta method, since the error is checked in each step of time. The energy dependent calculations are achieved by considering the density of states of the not normal leads. While the adiabatic approximation is used to treat the effects of the external electromagnetic field characteristic (frequency and amplitude) theoretically. In concern to the not normal leads, the study concentrated the first-principles full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method (FPLAPW), this method depends on the use of the density functional theory to examine the structural, magnetic, and electronic characteristics of the bulk of Zinc-blende ScC. This study has proven that both of the bulk ZB ScC is half- metallic ferromagnet at an equilibrium lattice constant of (0.5121 nm). The main goal of our study is to investigate the effects of the electromagnetic field on the T–shaped double quantum dots device, so all the electronic properties of the device as well as the electromagnetic field parameters are taken into consideration in our treatment. The role of the field frequency and the spin dependent coupling interaction are well analyzed and explained for the ScC bulk leads.

Abstract
A two dimensional depth-average hydrodynamic model that combined with a transport model was applied to study the hydrodynamic characteristics and residence time distribution in Khor Abdulla and Khor Al-Zubair which locate in the northwest of Arabian Gulf. The model was run for two months with a time step of 5 sec. The model results of water level and flow velocities were in a good agreement with measurements. The result of simulations and measurements indicate that there are asymmetries in the tidal wave that propagates farther in inland direction with a gradual increase in their amplitude and hence in its tidal range. The results indicate that residence time in the study area is a site-specific, and show a heterogeneous distribution. However, the longest residence time is observed in two sites, UMR1 with 12 days and KZL with residence time that exceeds 25 days. The data provide useful information and will be significant in the future assessments of coastal developments in this region.

Abstract
The present work is concerned with the measurements of uranium concentrations in fourty nine surface soils samples from selected locations (some of them were measured for the first time as far as authors know) in Al-Diwaniyah governorate by using ICP-Mass (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) was found to be ranging from 3.73 ppm in (Am alkhayl (2)) to 7.22 ppm in(ghmas1) in soils. The results are presented and compared with other studies . The measurements of uranium concentration of soils samples measured had a uranium content of less than 100 ppm, a concentration that characterizes overburden and tailings quality, rather than minable reserves. This paper presents and evaluates the concentration of uranium in Al-Diwaniya Governorates .The study further reveals that 49 surface soil samples have uranium below detection limit. The present results have show that the uranium concentrations in the studied surface soils samples were less than the allowed value (11.7 ppm) recommended by UNSCEAR, 1993.

Abstract
static magnetic field (SMF) may effect on biological systems such effect on activity of phagocytic leukocytes and their respiratory bursts . To know these effects have not studied in details. Current investigation studied the effects of SMF (0.1 T) during two periods (one hour and three hour ) in vitro on sheep whole blood by detecting chemiluminescence (CL) . The control group samples were compared with exposed group samples to SMF. The results showed a significant increase of lucigenin-initiated CL in exposed sample with increasing exposed time However, CL of lucigenin amplified when increased free radical of oxygen in sample. So, these results suggests that SMF could increase activity of phagocytic leukocytes , respiratory bursts and the ability to produce free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) .

Abstract
This research aims to calculate the concentration of radionuclide's in the soil samples, collected from in and around madenat Al-Elem university area using Gamma- rays spectroscopy with high purity germanium detector (HpGe) with resolution of (2.3keV) for the energy of the 60Co (1.332 MeV). The 25 soil samples were collected from this area, the average activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in the samples were found to be (38.089±6.172 , 35.147±5.93 , 700.109±26.46 and 3.854±1.963) Bqkg respectively. The calculated radium equivalent (Raeq) was (142.536±11.939) Bq/kg, the absorbed dose rate(68.137±8.254nGy / h), the external annual effective dose of exposure rate 〖AEDE〗_outwas(0.332mSv/y),〖 AEDE〗_inwa (0.083mSv /y), the gamma index (I) for soil samples was(1.073),the value of the external risk index (Hex) was (0.487) and the internal risk index (Hin) was (0.384).Thus , the present results revealed that the area is safe as far as the health effect are concerned ,but this area continuo's monitoring in future.

Abstract
The aromatic Schiff base with. azo linkage 4-(((3-((4-acetylphenyl) diazenyl )-2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)amino)benzoic acid (CHAB) has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic. techniques. The compound (CHAB) has been evaluated as corrosion. Inhibitor for carbon steel at different concentrations. (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 mM) and different temperatures (298-318K). The corrosion inhibition efficiency. was. studied by Potentiodynamic polarization . The effects of concentration and .temperature on the inhibition efficiency were studied by Potentiodynamic polarization measurements, the results. showed that increasing concentration of (CHAB) increases the inhibition efficiency while increasing the temperature decreases it, the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency, 94.77% was recorded with 5 mM of CHAB at 298 K in 1 M HCl . The adsorption process was found to obey Langmuir isotherm, and the adsorption thermodynamic parameters were studied such us ΔG°ads , ΔH°ads and ΔS°ads . .

Abstract
New azo dye (AZ) compound derived from (6R,7R)-3- [( acetyloxy) methyl] -7 - [ [(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2- (methoxyimino) acetyl]amino] -8 - oxo -5- thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]-oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate sodium (Cefotaxime) with resorcinol, has been prepared . The Synthesis of dye was characterized using FT-IR. Thin film of azo dye was prepared by spin coating method. The absorption spectra shows to major absorption band the first at the wavelength 323nm and the second at the wavelength 455nm. Absorption coefficients (α), refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k) and optical band gap have been all calculated. Both refractive index( n) and extinction coefficient (k) decrease with increase of the wavelength.

Abstract
Reaction of Benzil with an aldehyde, 4-trityl aniline and NH4OAc under reflux gave highly substituted imidazoles in good yields using accessible and nontoxic KMnO4 as catalyst under mild reaction conditions. This method is simple, efficient and eco-friendly. All imidazoles were characterized using FT-IR, Mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance spectral techniques.

Abstract
In this paper, we are studying imperfect bifurcation of the Camassa-Holm equation using the local method of Lyapunov-Schmidt.We showed that the bifurcation equation corresponding to the Camassa- Holm equation is given by the nonlinear system of two equations. The bifurcation diagram of the bifurcation equation showed that there are zero, two or four real solutions. We considered these solutions as solutions of a dynamical system, then we draw the phase portrait corresponding to the system.

Abstract
Groundwater is an essential source of fresh water in the semiarid areas and it contributes to the water supply for several purposes. Bazian basin has become an attractive area for the large companies to invest especially the cement and Iron factories. Hence there is an intensive withdrawal of groundwater. The objectives of this work are to categorize and delineation the productivity areas with the aid of remote sensing and geographic information system methodologies. The Analytica hierarchy process AHP method is used for mapping of groundwater potential zones which the most broadly used Multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) models. Six thematic layers are introduced to the GIS platform which area soil, drainage density, land useland cover, geology, geomorphology, slope. Based on the relative effect of controlling groundwater productivity the input layers were ranked. Each factor is classified into classes based on hydrogeological properties. The importance of each thematic layer and its weight is discussed for the location groundwater potential zones using groundwater conditions. The results revealed three productivity areas, low, moderate, and high and they cover 20.14%, 38.5%, and 41.4% of the total area respectively. Besides, the northeast and southwest parts of the basin characterized by low groundwater potential while the moderate zone of the potential area covers the central and some part of the west of the area of interest. The model is validated by testing the available discharge of 78 wells, and it showed that most of the high yield wells are located inside the high groundwater potential zone. The validation results are verified that the groundwater productivity areas recognized by the GIS (AHP) method are reliable and practical.

Abstract
Water quality of Al-Sweib River may be changed by several variations in the last years as a result of anthropogenic and agriculture activities include the lower levels of water in the river. Water samples were collected from three stations in January to December 2017; then, analyzed using 12 parameters such as water temperature, pH, TDS, EC, turbidity, TH, Ca+2, Mg+2, DO, BOD, Cl- and alkalinity. The lowest rates of water temperature (ͦ C) in study area were recorded (11.4 ͦ C) during January and highest (32°C) in August. Average of minimum value of Hydrogen ion (pH) concentration (7.07) in August and highest (7.95) in February. The total dissolved solid (TDS) values ranged from 1169.6 mg/l in December to 1655 mg/l in August. In the present study, electrical conductivity (EC) of samples varied from 1.38 mS/cm in November to 2.30 mS/cm in September. Turbidity rates of water in study area ranged from 11.70 NTU in April to 28.59 NTU in July. The observed total hardness (TH) value ranged from 594 mg/l in December to 908.33 mg/l in April. The calcium content of the water in Al-Sweib River was found in lowest value 136 mg/l in January and highest 196.33 mg/l in August .Concentration of magnesium ranged from 57.77 mg/l in October to 131.82 mg/l in April. Dissolved oxygen, BOD and alkaline of water at the stations within limited WHO. Concentration of chloride ranged from 274.97 mg/l in January to 538.5 mg/l in August.

Abstract
The interactions of biomolecules with nanomaterials are important topics to design new materials for nanobiosensors applications. In this study, we investigate graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) as a new nanobiosensor for histidine (His) amino acid with the gas, ethanol, DMSO and water environment by using results of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The polarizable continuum method was used to investigate solvent effects on the structural properties, energetic parameters, global reactivity indices. To investigate the applications of biosensor of the real physical cases, gas with low polarity, ethanol with modest polarity, and DMSO and water with high polar solvent were studied. by increasing the electric permittivity of solvents, the stabilization energies of different complexes of biosensor moves to a lower value as of the additional attractive interactions between nanobiosensor and solvent. The His/GNFs shows high stability with considerable values of stabilization energies, charge transfer and sensible energy gap in a polar medium which confirms both in the living and in glass biosensing application. The field of nanobiosensor was developed because to the same length order of the magnitude scale of many of the fundamental building blocks of life with nanoscale material. Nanomaterials that depend on the biosensors with high sensitivities, low detection limit and short response time are good candidates for biosensing applications.