Kufa Journal of Arts

It is clear from the discussion of this research that the temperature of the water of Ibn Najm Marsh is suitable for drinking according to the specifications of the World Health Organization, while this water is characterized by a low degree of transparency due to the density of organic and suspended materials in this water and the density of aquatic plants, which reduces its suitability for drinking. As for the turbidity, this water is not suitable for drinking during the summer and is suitable for drinking during the winter according to the specifications of the (W.H.O) organization. It was found that the water of Ibn Najm Marsh is suitable for drinking according to the specifications of (W.H.O) in terms of (acidity, dissolved oxygen values, total alkalinity values, nitrate values ​​and suspended matter values), while it is not suitable for drinking in terms of (electrical conductivity, magnesium, total hardness, sulfates and total dissolved matter), while this water was suitable for drinking during the month of January and not suitable for drinking during the month of July in terms of (sodium, calcium, potassium, phosphate and chlorides) values. As for the suitability of this water for agricultural use, it was found that it is suitable for irrigation in terms of (acidity and calcium) values ​​according to the standard of the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISEcl), while it is not suitable for irrigation in terms of (magnesium, sodium, chlorides, sulfates, potassium and total hardness) values. While this water was suitable for irrigation during January and not suitable for irrigation during July in terms of (electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids) values ​​according to the previous standard, while this water was suitable for irrigation during July and not suitable for irrigation during January in terms of (nitrates) values ​​according to the previous standard.

As for the suitability of this water for drinking by animals, it is very acceptable for all animals during January, while in July it is acceptable for livestock only at all times.

As for the suitability of this water for various industries, it is suitable for some industries and not suitable for other industries, and its suitability may vary seasonally as well due to the variation in the quality of these industries and according to industrial determinants.

Many researchers have addressed various issues and topics from the modern and contemporary history of Iraq, and despite the breadth of these studies in terms of quantity and quality, few of them have shed light on the first generation of Iraqi journalists in general and Najaf journalists in particular, including Youssef Rajib, who created a neutral biography for himself, which contributed to revealing many events that were absent from people's knowledge and information. Most researchers focused their efforts on studying Youssef Rajib's articles and the most important newspapers in which he wrote, and not delving into the details of his lineage, birth and upbringing in some detail, which prevented us from delving into this aspect of the life of this unique personality. The study focused on the lineage of Youssef Rajib and the history of his family that lived in the city of Najaf Al-Ashraf and the most important jobs they carried out and its most prominent men, in addition to clarifying the difference in his date of birth that the sources indicated, and his family had a great influence on his personality in addition to his education in the city's Kuttabs until he entered Al-Ghari National School and issued the Najaf newspaper in 1925, and his work in Baghdad newspapers and magazines, amidst his movements between Iraqi cities and towns according to the job he held and even his travel outside the country to work in the Iraqi Commission and his death there as a result of tuberculosis that he contracted. Youssef Rajib emerged as a creative and bold journalist, possessing the ability to attract the reader to the subject through his presentation in which he addresses all segments of society from intellectuals and the general public alike in a style that is, to say the least, easy and difficult.

Abu al-Barakat rejects the theory of psychological powers of Aristotelian origin, especially the role they play in the process of perception, whether it is memorization, imagination or recollection. The soul is the one that memorizes, and it is the one that remembers by itself. His starting point is to preserve the unity of the soul and preserve its direct role in perception and knowledge. He does not deny the existence of these powers because, in his opinion, this is something that doctors and scientists have agreed upon. However, he denies the role of these cognitive powers because it loses the independence and unity of the soul that Abu al-Barakat has always defended. This position reflects the originality of Abu al-Barakat’s thought and that he was ahead of his time, especially since this theory has dominated psychological research among Islamic philosophers, starting with al-Kindi and reaching Sadr al-Din al-Shirazi. He also rejects the theory of inflation stated by Islamic philosophers, through which they interpreted the impression of the perceived image in the soul, especially in the power of common sense, based on his realistic sensory approach, and his interpretation of perception as an encounter and arrival from the perceived to the perceiver, so perception is an additional state that arises from this encounter.

The military establishment in Iraq represented the true effective role it played, whether in the formation of the Iraqi state or in political and social life, as it represented one of the most important pillars on which the Iraqi state and the political elite relied in its continuity and survival. This effective role of the army made it a vital and sensitive center in the official state apparatus, specifically after Iraq gained its independence in 1932, which constituted a vital starting point for the Iraqi military elites to confirm their position on the scene. This elite was mainly composed of officers from the Turkish military establishment, and in particular from the Sharifian officers who led the course of government throughout the royal era. After the military and security establishment expanded in the mid-thirties, it began to intervene strongly in the political event through coups or through military operations that increased in the years 1936-1941 AD, as it began to practice politics directly at times or indirectly at other times. Partisanship began to grow in the womb of this establishment in an unpublic manner at first to the point that it clashed with the authorities and Britain, which resulted in the occupation of Iraq for a second time for the period (1941-1947), which in turn contributed to the decline of the military establishment and the loss of confidence in the royal family after eliminating the leaders of the movement and dismissing large numbers of the army.

There is no hope that man seeks in our world and time and longs for more passionately than he longs for eternal and universal peace, a peace that would liberate the future of humanity from its greatest suffering resulting from the rapid development achieved by the manufacture of lethal weapons, which has become a threat to human existence at all. According to this forward-looking view that combines the moral, civilizational, and communicative human dimension - and which is characterized by optimistic teleology - we find the German philosopher "Immanuel Kant" (1724-1804), through his book "Towards Perpetual Peace", keen on a human-universal idea, through the legislation for a universal and eternal peace, emphasizing that the salvation of the human race lies in achieving the highest moral perfection for humanity, which is eternal peace.

The research aims to reveal the effect of the characteristics of the dry climate elements (desert) that prevailed over a long period of time within the Quaternary period (Pleistocene and Holocene), and these elements are represented by (solar radiation and temperature) within the modern climate, in increasing the effectiveness of mechanical weathering. And to study the effect of the effectiveness of mechanical weathering in shaping geomorphological features. The study relied on data on climate elements from solar radiation and temperature for seven climate stations (Ana, H1, Haditha, Rutba, Nukhayb, Salman, and Busayyah). See Map (1). The study revealed the factors affecting the expansion of the thermal range in the study area. These factors were represented by (cloudless skies, lack of vegetation cover for most of the area occupied by the western plateau, and low relative humidity). The study reached conclusions that rock encapsulation, which is the most important mechanism of mechanical weathering, occurs when the degree of mineral homogeneity of the rocks increases, while mass disintegration prevails when the degree of mineral homogeneity of the rock decreases. As a result of the mechanical weathering process in the study area, many geomorphological phenomena appeared, including residual boulders, talus cones, and mesa, which are spread in Wadi Al-Maleh, buttes, and homogeneous ridges spread in the south of Al-Ka’ra Depression.

Many industrialized and developing countries are interested in textile industries, due to population growth in different regions of the world, and Qadisiyah Governorate, like other regions, has witnessed a clear population growth since the seventies of the last century, so the government established the Diwaniyah Textile Factory in 1979, to employ a large number of technical and non-technical cadres, not less than three thousand employees, to reduce the unemployment rate and improve the industrial reality and raise the standard of living of the governorate, in addition to investing the raw material (cotton) in a small proportion in the industrial process, but in recent years the factory has witnessed a decrease in production due to the difficulty of obtaining the raw material, power outages, the breakdown of many machines, and the invasion of the local market by foreign products, in addition to a decrease in the area of ​​the cotton crop from 60,000 dunums to 3,000 dunums due to the limited receipt of the quantities produced and their low price compared to agricultural costs and water scarcity in some seasons, with neglect of combating agricultural pests that affect the crop and not following controls in the process of fertilizing the crop, as some farmers fertilize with nitrogen after the process The plant blooms with poor harvesting, neglect of the first harvest and lack of sorting between genes. Therefore, the Directorate of Agriculture of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate established the Cotton Industries Development Project in Al-Badeer District in 2006 to identify the reasons for the deterioration of cotton cultivation and find solutions and spread agricultural awareness using modern scientific methods to improve the reality of crop cultivation, which included planting two varieties, Ashur and Lashata, and using a modern method of biological control instead of chemical control, in addition to using a drip irrigation system to treat water scarcity and get rid of salts in the soil and using organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers to protect the environment from pollution.

There are many verses of poetry attributed to al-Zahra (peace be upon her) in several ways, some of which are heard directly from her (peace be upon her), some by way of transmission, some by way of vision, or by way of intuition and conjecture.
The researcher has excluded a number of poems attributed to al-Zahra (peace be upon her), which do not include the scientific standards and the approved documentation controls in attributing poetry to its author, as will be clear in the research plan.
The research plan consists of two stages:
The first: the collection stage, and this stage - in the sequence of field work - is considered the first stage in the research, as the researcher collected the verses of poetry attributed to her (peace be upon her) without scrutiny and documentation, but rather everything that she may have said or that was attributed to her of poetry was part of this stage.
Through careful reading, careful observation, and careful contemplation, the poetry of this stage can be divided into:
1- Poetry of vision.
2- Poetry attributed by way of intuition.

After reading the political thought of Imam Hassan (PBUH), it became clear to us that history had the upper hand in changing the images of positions through the situation and manipulation of texts, which created great confusion among historians who followed what the first masters of biographies did, and what was written became as if it were the absolute truth.

After studying and investigating what the science of history created with the concept of its philosophy, it became clear that many of the facts and positions do not withstand external and internal criticism, so many of the concepts created by the political historian who followed the Sultan in all his aims and buildings collapsed.
We read in haste some of these texts that changed the history of the personality of Imam al-Mujtaba to make him not the son of his father, equating him with the sons of the caliphs, none of whom had a share in this world or the hereafter, forgetting that Hassan (PBUH) was an imam who stood or sat with the testimony of his grandfather, the Messenger of God (PBUH).
The research contents revealed the following results:

1. Imam Hassan (PBUH) was never an Ottoman inclination as some claimed, based on texts they deluded themselves into believing could not withstand criticism and analysis.

2. Imam Hassan (PBUH) was the dutiful son of his father, defending him in all his peaceful and warlike positions from his childhood until his death.

3. Imam Hassan (PBUH) was primarily concerned with fighting the apostates through what we have shown of the correspondences that took place between him and Muawiyah, explaining to him that the truth is the share of the family of the Messenger (PBUH), not those who were conspired against by the desires of men.

4. Imam Hassan (PBUH) was afflicted with an army with different desires and religions that could not withstand Muawiyah’s temptations, and the greatest betrayal, unfortunately, was from the closest people to him, represented by Ubayd Allah ibn Abbas.
5. It became clear to us that Imam Hassan (PBUH) fully realized that if he fought his enemy Muawiyah with his army that was shaken in faith and belief, he would be killed along with all his companions and no new position would be established for Islam, so the ignorance that Islam fought would return again.
6. Imam Hassan (PBUH) paved the way completely for the revolution of Imam Abu Abdullah Al-Hussein (PBUH) when he kept the loyal elite of his army ready with the equipment and numbers to start the revolution at the appropriate time.
7. It became clear to us that peace was not a demand of Imam Hassan (PBUH), but rather it was an obligation imposed on him and he accepted it to preserve the egg of Islam. If our minds do not realize this, let us ask ourselves, why did Imam Ali (PBUH) not do the matter after the death of the Messenger (PBUH) and fight for his usurped right? If we say that for the sake of the survival of the words “There is no god but God, Muhammad is the Messenger of God,” then we have every right to say that Al-Hassan bin Ali (may God be pleased with him) had the same position with which he preserved Islam. If God had willed to see him killed along with Al-Hussein (may God be pleased with him) and the righteous elite, nothing worth mentioning of the religion of Muhammad (may God be pleased with him) would have remained.

There is no doubt that there are several reasons behind the weak expressive performance of students, some of which are due to the student himself and his linguistic abilities and potential, some of which are due to the teacher and his competencies and the methods and styles he possesses, and some of which are due to the nature of the subject of expression and what it requires in terms of abilities at the creative level and organization at the administrative level. As for the first axis, which is the student, he suffers from a weakness in the linguistic potential, as we find that most students graduate from the preparatory stage without having a sufficient vocabulary to help them express themselves in a satisfactory manner, which prompts them to include some colloquial words in their competencies. (Ahmed, 1986, p. 12). The problem does not stop at the student or the teacher alone, but rather extends beyond them to the time allocated for the expression lesson, as one lesson is not enough to develop the expression skill among students (Ahmed, 1985, p. 12). This allows the teacher to reduce the importance given to this period, and sometimes we find that the expression period is dropped from the weekly schedule and replaced with literature and grammar lessons (Madkour, 2000, p. 66).

We find that expression is still suffering from obstacles at the academic level that make it a problem within the vocabulary of the Arabic language, as it has not received careful attention in schools in a manner that is commensurate with its importance in terms of preparation and teaching method, until it has become a burden on the teacher and the student alike. (Ahmed, 1985, p. 13).

The researcher believes that the most important reasons that contributed to the weakness of students in expression are related to the prevailing methods and styles. In light of this, the current study came as an attempt to overcome the obstacles and problems in expressive performance.

The Great Man-Made River Project in Libya is one of the giant and major projects in the world and is the largest canal for transporting about (6 million cubic meters) of water from the southern desert regions of Libya to the northern regions overlooking the Mediterranean coasts where most of Libya's cities are concentrated and which suffer from water scarcity. The project was completed in five stages or systems and was officially opened in (1984). It had many objectives, the most important of which are increasing the area of ​​agricultural land and providing usable water. The project had environmental impacts upon its implementation, including the development of the Libyan desert through which the project's pipes pass. In general, it can be said that the Great Man-Made River Project has a clear impact on the lives of the people of Libya in a country where most of its lands are located in dry desert orbits with almost no rain, so that a drop of water in Libya has become a rare commodity that citizens do not know how to obtain except through expensive means such as drilling wells and storing rainwater. Accordingly, this project is truly a last attempt to save life in North Africa.

Since I looked at the complete collection of poetry by the contemporary visual poet (Ahmed Matar), I have been overwhelmed with admiration, including the pearls and precious things in this collection, and because of my great admiration for it, I wrote on its first page this phrase ((To Ahmed Matar, I found myself in you, and my admiration increased every time I returned to it. Reading it, and as a result, I had more than a modest tour with Ahmed Matar’s poetry. The subject of this research is (Qur’anic use in Ahmed Matar’s poetry). Rain) was the result of this admiration.