Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

Welding is one of important industrial processes, therefore many techniques are development to get an efficient and low cost welding for different kinds of materials. In this research, the corrosion behaviors studied of many welded joints which were implemented using (TIG Welding) method on Low carbon steel 1020 AISI at constant voltage, welding speed and variable DC current for each pass. Microstructure of weld zones, according to standard ASTM (G71-31) a number of corrosion examination samples are equipped with the measurements of (15 x 15 x3) mm which distributed into the many groups. Corrosion test was done by electrochemical methods for all specimens in environments of 3.5% NaCl solution. Corrosion rate is calculated using the Tafel equation. The results which obtained shows increase in corrosion rate of the weld joint which made at four passé with decreasing DC current for each pass compared with other weld joints and base metal but the increasing in DC current of the weld joint which carried out at three passes improved the corrosion rate compared with weld joint also carried out at three pass but include decrease in DC current.

In the past two decades, the Internet has become as open, publicly and widely used as a source of data transmission and exchanging the messages between criminals, terrorists and those who have illegal motivations. Moreover, exchanging important data between various military and financial institutions, even ordinary citizens. From this view, there is one of the important means of exchanging information widely used on the Internet medium is e-mail. Email messages are digital evidence that has been become one of the important means to adopt by courts in many countries and societies as evidence relied upon in condemnation. This paper presents a distinct technique for classifying emails based on data processing and mining, trimming, refinement, and then adapts several algorithms to classify these emails and then using SWARM algorithm to obtain practical and accurate results also using hybrid English lexical dictionary SentiWordNet3.0 for email forensic analysis then deal with a machine learning algorithm. The proposed system is capable of learning in an environment with large and variable data. To test the proposed system, have to select available data which Enron Data set. A high accuracy rate (95%) was obtained, which is higher than the classification rates mentioned in previous research papers presented in section 2 in this paper.

The aims of this work are study the effects of adding nano zirconia ZrO2 particles (NZ) on the physical and some mechanical properties of cement paste like: porosity, dry density, water absorption and compressive strength, where different cement replacement weight percentages of NZ particles, 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25%, and 3 % by weight of cement, had used in cement paste. Physical properties of the prepared specimens had been tested and evaluated after various curing times, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, while compressive tests had been performed after 28 days. The results showed direct decreasing in porosity, water adsorption and increasing in density and compressive strength with increasing weight fractions of NZ. The maximum increasing in density and compressive strength were 13% and 21% respectively of that of plain cement paste, while porosity and water adsorption decreasing were about 43.5 % and 43.7 % respectively of that of plain cement paste, when using 2.25 wt. % NZ cement replacement, after curing for 28 days.

In this work numerical and experimental investigation have been adopted to collect and store solar energy in exterior-wall cladding, Various improvements have been investigated inside and outside the duct to increase the efficiency of thermal heating. ANSYS software has been used to simulate current case. Results show that there is a good agreement between experimental and numerical results and this agreement increases as air velocity increases. The average percentage error for air inside duct at velocity of air 1 m/s, 3 m/s and 5 m/s is 8%, 16.5% and 5% respectively. Several vertical cooper cylinders with 12 mm diameter were added inside basin to increase the surface area. It has been found that the enhancement in temperature of air between this case and Smooth Duct, Smooth Cover base model for air velocity of 1,3and 5 m/s is 3, 4 and 11 % respectively. The effect of increasing surface area by using granular (corrugated) duct on the air temperature distribution along the duct. Have been also investigated the percentage enhancement in temperature of air between this case and previous base smooth duct case for velocities of 1, 3 and 5 m/s is 19.4, 28.6 and 16.5 % respectively. The enhancement in heat transfer when using both granular hollow sphere duct with vertical metal cylinders for air velocity of 1, 3 and 5 m/s is 27.5, 33 and 35.2 % respectively.

This research aims to evaluate six of Baghdad Industrial firms in different sectors in Baghdad due to ISO 14031 Standard in order to know the effects of factories on the environment, create a database for comparison with certain time periods, continuous improvement of environmental performance, and increasing environmental awareness. Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE) includes two types of indicators, Environmental Performance Indicators (EPIs) and Environmental Conditions Indicators (ECIs). The research focus on (EPIs) which includes two types of indicators, Management Performance Indicators (MPIs) and Operation Performance Indicators (OPIs). (MPIs) includes performance and infrastructure Indicators and Training Indicators, and (OPIs) include Industrial and occupational safety indicators and an environmental control indicator. In this research, a questioner list with a five Likert Scale level was suggested. The questionnaire lists were answered by employees specializing in environmental aspects in the Middle Refineries Company, South Baghdad thermal power station, General Company for Textile and Leather, Battery Factory, General Company for Food Products, and The Cotton Factory. The data of questionnaire lists were converted to information by statistical equations, SPSS program used to calculate ANOVA table to compare averages of differences between indicators that have been subjected to different treatments in order to arrive at the indicator that makes average is different from other averages.

This paper introduces chaotic motion control of autonomous differential drive wheeled mobile robot to cover a certain surrounded area completely and as fast as possible. The suggested method was based on utilization of chaotic logistic map to accomplish a complete coverage of entire area. The trajectory is created by a microcontroller and fed to the designed robot using the proposed chaotic trajectory generator. The designed robot was occupied with infrared sensors to avoid the unforeseen obstacles during the navigation. The mathematical model of the designed robot and the motion control strategy were described in details. Computer simulation tests as well as the practical tests by using the designed robot show satisfactory results and confirm the success of the proposed method.

Robustness of speaker identification systems over additive noise is crucial for real-world applications. In this paper, two robust features named Power Normalized Cepstral Coefficients (PNCC) and Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (GFCC) are combined together to improve the robustness of speaker identification system over different types of noise. Universal Background Model Gaussian Mixture Model (UBM-GMM) is used as a feature matching and a classifier to identify the claim speakers. Evaluation results show that the proposed hybrid feature improves the performance of identification system when compared to conventional features over most types of noise and different signal-to-noise ratios.

High performance concrete pavement appears to be the best choice for layer with high strength and low cost. In this paper, the mechanical properties were investigated which considered essential for design and requirements of rigid highway pavement. These properties were examined by compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. Previous test investigations were imposed for concrete mixes with different Nano SiO2 (size of 30 nm) percentage (0, 0.5, 1,1.5, & 2) % by wright of cement as mineral admixture. Also, X- Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) tests were conducted to indicate the chemical composition of the used admixture. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was conducted to visualize the micro structural behaviour of concrete during hydration process. Wet and dry mixing methods were utilised to prepare the modified concrete mixes and the results of the more effective method, were adopted. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to investigate the microstructure and morphology of nano concrete mixes. The results of SEM indicated that the microstructural distribution of C-S-H gel were comparable for all the nano mixes. The decrease in thickness of nano concrete layer was associated with the increment in the percentage of nano silica add to the mixes when the other factors remain the same. The best percentage of nano silica was 1.5% by weight of cementitious materials (by using dry mixing method). This percentage satisfied all requirements of fresh and hardened concrete mixes for highway pavement and achieved well microstructure with significant decrement in the thickness of concrete layer which positively reflected on construction cost.

A comparative study between two solutions which they usually work as a working pairs in pumpless absorption cooling system is achieved analytically with aid of ESS (Engineering Equation Solver) 9.43 software. The pump in this system is replaced by a vertical pipe (lift tube) to ensure the pressure difference between the condenser and the evaporator. These working pairs are Lithium Bromide-Water and Lithium Chloride-Water. The study intends Iraqi summer weather as an ambient circumstance. A thermodynamics model is designed to find the energy and Energy loss in each of system components. By solving the thermodynamic model, and assuming the same generator, absorber, condenser and evaporator temperatures in each case. It’s found that the system coefficient of performance is relatively the same while the probability of agglomeration in case of Lithium Bromide-Water system is higher because of the large salt concentration. It’s concluded that the Lithium Chloride-Water is most suitable in Iraqi circumstances in spite of high values of total energy loss which is obtained in case of Lithium Chloride-Water system if it is compared with the energy loss value in case of Lithium Bromide-Water system.

Researches concerning internal torsional strengthening of box beams are very little, since few researchers may study such method of strengthening. This research adopts employing of internal Framed Steel Stiffening Ribs (FSSRs) to strengthen reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) box beams subjected to pure torsion. These FSSRs were fabricated to be fully bonded with SCC through using of bolts as shear connectors. Four specimens (the first was a reference one with no strengthening and the other three were strengthened with one, three and five FSSRs, respectively) of reinforced SCC were tested under effect of pure torsion up to failure. All specimens have the same dimensions and reinforcement. The effect of FSSRs presence and their number on torsional capacity was studied. Also, applied torque-angle of twist relation at end, quarter and mid span were studied. Test results show that the ultimate torsional capacity is increased by 45.7 %, 75.5 %, and 122.4 % for specimens strengthened with one, three and five FSSRs, respectively, as compared with reference specimen. Presence of FSSRs tends to reduce deformations where deformations decrease with increasing of FSSRs number. It is concluded that the torsional capacity of a reinforced SCC box beams can be enhanced using internal Transverse FSSRs. The number of used internal FSSRs have main effect on the amount of enhancement.

Nowadays, Polymer Modified Binder (PMB) is necessary due to its valuable characteristics on asphalt pavement layers with increase in traffic volume and loads. However, current trend in asphalt modification is prefer the waste and by product materials for ensuring the sustainability and cost effectiveness. Therefore, to analyze the effect of waste Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM) and waste Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) on the asphalt binders’ physical properties, CRM/LDPE modified asphalts with different contents were prepared and investigated in this study. Measured physical characteristics were softening point, penetration, ductility and viscosity tests. Conversions of CRM and waste LDPE to functional materials have been introduced in this research study as a practical approach to improve the asphalt binder’s physical properties. CRM and LDPE in the form of fine having a particle size under 250 µm were used as additives to liquid asphalt, individually and collectively by weight of virgin asphalt, i.e., (5.0%, 15.0% and 25.0% of CRM) and (2.5. %, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% of LDPE), after mixed with CRM and LDPE, the asphalts showed decrease in penetration, increase in softening point and rotational viscosity. This referring that both intermediate and high temperature rheological characteristics of the asphalts have been improved by the modification of waste CRM and LDPE, because that mean the stiffness of asphalt binder increases when changing these characteristics and Thus, the asphalt mixture will become more stiff and resistant to possible failures, the Physical properties of the CRM or LDPE modified asphalts are largely dependent on the waste CRM or LDPE content, and many other enhanced characteristics of the mechanical aspect can be targeted using the composite of both CRM and LDPE. However, such result confirms the validity of waste polymer in modifying the asphalt binder.

This paper studies the role of subjectivity as an effective tool that showed the strong correlation between architecture and fashion. The subjectivity always considers as one of the most important equipment used for defining the Individual Identity. Due to this Importance, the problems of the research have been grown. The research problem can be outlined into: what are the levels of subjectivity as a human need in architecture and fashion historically? How is it in contemporary trends? The historical material of architecture and fashion in Europe has been selected as a case study to evaluate the subjectivity. The analysis has been adopted as a historical-descriptive technique to answer the research problem. The results have shown that the subjectivity in architecture and fashion has been very limited before the European Renaissance period, but it has increased in many levels after the European Renaissance until the contemporary periods. The subjectivity of users and designers is an effective agent responsible for the variation in the architecture and fashion production.