Al-Zahraa Journal for Health and Medical Sciences

Background and Purpose: Decades of sanctions and violence have drastically eroded the formerly proud and well-functioning health system. Physiotherapy may play a significant role in resolving these issues, given the ongoing population expansion and the high rates of disease and disability. This study aimed to examine the present state of physiotherapy in Iraq and offer suggestions for furthering its growth and development. Method: This study employed a qualitative study design in the form of an online questionnaire (with the participation of 17 key informants among physiotherapists in Iraq). The profession's strategic direction was based on a framework of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to categorize emergent themes. Results: Informants stated that professional motivation and an increase in colleges were strengths. Among the weaknesses were education, practice organization, societal awareness, and equipment limitations. The association and legal organization, continuous education, and multidisciplinary collaboration were opportunities that were explored. Intruders, quacks, and the continuation of the current situation were all threats that were handled. Conclusions: Our research indicates that the status of the physiotherapy profession in Iraq is not at the required level. Policymakers should enhance the profession's strengths, capitalize on advancement opportunities, and work diligently to reduce weaknesses and threats.

We offer certain clinical applications for B12, particularly in the detection of obese. The purpose of this study was to accurately anticipate or diagnose vitamin B12 pathology in obese adults. A total of 25 cases—25 overweight or obese patients, and 25 controls—were evaluated in this study. The patients were between the ages of 20 and 40. The BMI and B12 levels of the study subjects' obese patients were calculated. This research also identified a link between BMI and B12. The results of the research revealed that there was a high percentage distribution in BMI among those who participated, including 35% of them being normal weight, 15% being overweight, 15% being obese, and 25% of them being severely obese. Additionally, there are statistically significant increases [p 0.05] in serum B12 levels in those in the study who are obese compared with other groups, and this marker has a positive relationship with BMI. These results imply the elevated plasma levels of vitamin B12 may serve as an independent indicator of dysfunction in obese people. B12 can be utilized to identify signs of stress and obesity, as well as predict the likelihood of inflammatory.

Recurrent miscarriages: This disorder affects 1% of couples trying to conceive, which is defined as the loss of two or more successive pregnancies. Patients miscarry before the 24-week mark in 1-2% of first- and second-trimester pregnancies. Women of reproductive age are frequently affected by the endocrine disorder polycystic ovary syndrome. The study important to know the relationship between recurrent miscarriage in women and polycystic ovary syndrome. The study comprised 90 women, ages 15 to 45, who were split into two groups: 40 women were a healthy control group and 50 patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome and recurrent miscarriages. Variations in the levels of a number of hormones, including prolactin, estrogen, and Inhibin B, are suggestive of a higher risk of repeat miscarriages. Patients with PCOS are experiencing more miscarriages; the greatest predictor of a subsequent loss in the future is an earlier miscarriage.

This Randomized control trail research designs a proposed rehabilitation program using conservative treatment: McKenzie exercises and electrical stimulation TENS and diclofenac to relieve chronic sciatica pain.
Sciatica is a common cause of pain and disability, has a less favorable outcome. However, conservative treatment including McKenzie exercises, TENS and diclofenac have very effectible outcomes for lumber back pain including sciatica conducted on 300 patients to show its effect in reducing pain and other associated symptoms.
The research sample was chosen by the intentional method from Imam Zain AlAbedeen hospital and AL-saidaKhadija al-kubra hospital. Study research duration was from August 2022 to August 2023. We used oxford scale for muscle strength, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and goniometer for joint range of motion (ROM).
Results showed that there was a significant improvement in diclofenac group more than TENS and McKenzie exercises in reducing pain (p=0.006) (p=0.001) and improve knee flexion ROM(P=0.548 ). , increasing muscle power
There was significant decrease in patient pain by TENS modality and increase in muscle power by all treatment methods and there for, the knee flexion ROM improvement in diclofenac, but no significant difference between the two other treatment group

This study highlights the use of plant-derived natural surfactants in formulating pharmaceutical emulsions, addressing concerns with traditional synthetic surfactants. Emulsions are vital for enhancing drug bioavailability, but their formulation often involves environmentally concerning agents. Natural surfactants from plant extracts emerge as eco-friendly alternatives. The review explores diverse plant-derived surfactants, emphasizing their unique structures and surface-active properties. Extraction methods, purification techniques, and their compatibility with pharmaceutical ingredients are evaluated, showcasing their efficacy in stabilizing emulsions. Physicochemical aspects of emulsion stability, including interactions between natural surfactants, co-surfactants, and hydrophobic drugs, are discussed. Case studies demonstrate successful formulations across various pharmaceutical emulsion systems, highlighting their potential in controlled drug delivery. Safety is crucial, especially in pharmaceuticals. The abstract reviews toxicity, irritation, and allergies tied to plant-derived surfactants, confirming their suitability. In conclusion, integrating natural surfactants from plant extracts in pharmaceutical emulsions offers a biocompatible and sustainable approach to enhancing drug delivery. This research emphasizes the need for further studies to optimize formulations, assess long-term stability, and validate their clinical potential.

Objective:
This study intended to evaluate the role of ultrasound therapy versus short-wave diathermy in the treatment of women patients with frozen shoulders.
Design:
A pilot double-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out on 30 patients suffering from frozen shoulders. The intervention included continuous 3 MHz, 1.5 w/cm2 Ultrasound, applied for the first group, and short-wave with 27.12 MHz was applied for the second group. Pain (VAS), range of shoulder motion (ROM), and muscle power were assessed at the baseline, after 12 sessions of treatment, and at a 4-week follow-up.
Results:
A significant effect of both treatments was observed compared to the baseline, ROM, and muscle strength of both biceps was increased during the session and the follow-up.
There was a significant difference between the ultrasound and short-wave therapies, where short-wave was more effective in all measurement variables except the flexion index
Keywords:
Frozen shoulder, Ultrasound therapy , short wave diathermy, visual analogue scale (VAS), oxford scale

Uremic pericardial effusion is one of important complications of renal failure but its causes and pathogenesis remain obscure To find the association of variable electrolytes, albumin level and blood osmolality to degree of pericardial effusion we did a cross sectional study conducted in Al Sadr Medical city in Al Najaf From June2021 to April 2022. 35 Uremic patients 22 males and 13 females and age 18-65 mean (40.2±12.5) on maintenance hemodialysis who had pericardial effusion diagnosed by Echocardiography were put into 3 groups (mild, moderate and large pericardial effusion). We calculate serum osmolality, BUN, blood glucose, serum calcium, serum sodium, serum potassium, and also serum albumin. The study showed inverse correlation between serum calcium and size of pericardial effusion p-value< 0.001, correlation coefficient R 0.557 and there is directly proportional relation between serum osmolality and pericardial effusion p value = 0.003, correlation coefficient R 0.493 while the serum albumin showed no significance relation with degree of pericardial effusion p-value=0.716 correlation coefficient R 0.493.

A prospective cohort study in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis patients hospitalized in Neurology department, Tishreen University Hospital -Syria from January 2021 to January 2023, aims to evaluate the ophthalmic symptoms in CVST patient .
72 patients were identified,49 females (68.1%) mean age 39.9±11.2 , 23 males (31.9%) mean age 53.2±17.4 years ( p:0.002). The most common complaint led to diagnosis was headache in 34 cases (47.2%) ,hemiparesis and blurred vision in 11 cases (15.3%) for each of them, the ophthalmic complaints were the reason for medical consultation in 19 cases (26.4%). Infection represented the most frequent risk factor (23.6%), followed by hypertension (22.2%), oral contraceptives (16.7%). Ocular symptoms were the initial presentation in 72.2%(52/72), blurred vision represented the most frequent symptom (54.2%). Papilledema was the most frequent manifestation in 57 cases (79.2%). Superior sagittal the most affected sinus (69.4%). Complete recovery was observed in 37 cases (51.4%), ophthalmic complications were present in (34.7%), neurologic complications in (6.9%), mortality rate was (6.9%). Presence of papilledema, orbital pain, increasing the number of affected sinuses, and elevated ICP were associated with poor outcome(p<0.05).
Early ophthalmic symptoms were more frequent than neurologic, so that early recognition and initiation of treatment will improve the outcome.