Journal of Juridical and Political Science

Stemming from the new challenges that were imposed by the policy of economical and cultural global and the technological development that happened within the last few years specially within the fields of information and communication technology ways which the important one was the information technology which has proved great economical advantages in many countries specially in countries don’t have enough natural resources . Stemming from the role of education and higher education in moving nations to inter the new world and in improving human development levels and to strength the national security for countries . It's necessary to work in order to improve the quality of higher education in Arab Home lard on the whole and specially in lrag also in its accordance to society and the lab our market , working on putting policy national general and special view to the branches of higher education and determined following of labor's stages that help in carrying fixed aims emerged from it so as to participate in the overall human development for society and to achieve more of economical progress. Studying defector of educational in the Arab region remakes that there are many challenges like high rate of literacy , and the weak approach to the educational establishments , that became a trouble and necessity imposed itself as realism for any direction to face it and to find subjective solutions for it , considering that there are obvious differences between Arab countries in domain spread this phenomena , that it constraint between poor countries that it reach to per cent 60% and reduce in the rich countries to reach within to percent 10%. That because of that weaknesses of Arab government in this side. That pushes many of their citizens to leave the apporchenity of learning and go to look for job . To reduce the effect of this phenomena we have to look for many solutions for in order to achieve overall (Iso) .

The international court of justice had its important role and contribution in interpreting and developing the system of international responsibility through its judicial judgments in international cases and disputes (between states) and through advisory opinions issued by the court under demand of certain organs of the united nations and certain specialized international organizations and from the court decisions (opinions, judgments) our conclusions have been drawn.

Parliamentary opposition perform an important function in democratic systems which stabilize the political system and prevent the political forces to express themselves and their demands outside the rules of democracy and civil peace . The problem , which the research tries to deal with in the study and analysis is the absence of the parliamentary opposition and because of nature of the inputs associated with the political process , that have adopted the model of consensual democracy to accommodate social divisions and deep political differences and the resulting violent conflict since that everyone involved in the political process and benefit sharing authoritarianism result is the absence of parliamentary opposition . That is the problem of the research , which will be studied through the following points : concept and functions of the opposition in parliamentary systems and the reasons for the absence of parliamentary opposition , the future of the parliamentary opposition in Iraq , and the possible opportunities to move to pluralist party system where parties are able to form stable governments with a cohesive majority and a cohesive opposition .

The question of the transition from the authoritarian political system to democratic regimes is one of the topics that is considered by many writers and thinkers , past and present , and in today's world where there is no place for totalitarian regimes the question of democracy as a rule system and lifestyle remains a variable that attracts various and different visions .The call to democracy takes two sides, the first : the popular desire to remove the totalitarian regimes and build the institutions of a democratic society , which considered an internal variable, and the second : to impose democracy from the outside on totalitarian regimes and seek to change it in any way even the use of force based on the rationale and international justifications, including the defense of human rights, the fight against international terrorism , maintain international peace and security and political development , though these reasons , some real and some fabricated for the purposes and intentions of undeclared policies. However, the slogan of democracy has become one of the most glamorous slogans. This research provides theoretical and applied vision to one of the experiences of the transition from totalitarianism to democracy, which is Indonesian experience through two sections, the first section has discussed the emergence of the state and its development historically , as we explained some facts related to geography and political ideology and the nature of the Indonesian regime as defined by the amended Constitution of 1945, and the period of independence and the power struggle, the military and the Communist Party, as well as the presidential phase of Suharto and the continued interference of the military in political life. In the second section, and through the three demands of which the sections involved, we discuss the transition from totalitarianism to democracy, and the paths of transformation and the role of democracy in building the national economy, as well as challenges facing Indonesia and the prospects for its democratic future, and finally, point out to the most important conclusions that came out of the search.

It is essential to identify the concepts of public opinion and the legitimacy of power and the modern media for through define the concept of public opinion shows us how the contribution of individuals defining in the evaluation of the actions of the rulers and their acceptance by the people. One of the most important means of public opinion is the modern media, like satellite channels, Internet and mobile phone through with individuals can express their views about how to exercise power. The modern media have contributed in enabling individuals express their views and criticism of the work of the rulers easily and with lower costs and these contributed means in the formation of popular protests, and sits in, and revolutions that toppled the rulers of illegal , also used the political parties and civil society institutions such means in the formation of public opinion and the delivery of voice for individuals and through it showed its assessment of the work of the referees and the legality of their actions .And we have focused through this research on the effectiveness of the use of new media in the Arab countries in particular, given the nature of the stage taking place in these countries calls for freedom of expression and to change Systems despotic political , which has lost its legitimacy will show how to use the people in the Arab world these modern means and how it affected including the events of this change.

In the context of the world in which we live and which quickly movement and the frequency change the natural environment suffered tremendous human pressure Sort several adverse effects as a result of apathy and seek to make life more comfortable and easier through the recruitment of technical development in all spheres of life . Has become a threat to the chain 's natural cycle of life that we are living through the depletion of resources and excreted for gases and vapors and toxic waste and left without treatment to be reached accumulated so alarming, prompting the United Nations and international organizations to hold conferences did not achieve the desired results in terms reneged on most of the countries of their obligations and turn the other part like the United States to reject many of the decisions of this conference , which generated a new gap between the north and south.

The Turkish politics has been never stable towards the Arab revolutions, especially when it is happened in Libya. The Turkish politicians did not take clear stand from the Libyan revolution but even they stood against any external intervention towards the general regime of MuaMar Al-Qadafe. Later on, they were forced to change their stand under the pressures of United States of America and Arab countries. So their stand was becoming similar to Arab countries and USA. But the rush of Arabian rapid changes and transfers made the whole world astonished including the Turkish leaders who were preferring quite transformation into Arab countries in a form which did not affect on the Turkish regional role which is increased within few past years in the Arab area.The Turkish role is based on the theory of "strategic depth" which means that the location of Turkey and its history made it ready to move positively in all directions, especially in the direction, which is close to its boundaries. Therefore, it can keep its security and achieve its interests. To do this purpose, it must end the Turkish boycott with Middle East area and its issues, which are since long decades. Turkey lived during these decades in isolation and backwards inside "Anodal Plain", and it conducts as marginal state or as apart of NATO and western camp.

Reside on this earth a group of different civilizations and cultures from each other, and each of these cultures featured a community given for the other, as well as distinguish state from the other, and every community now has its specificity for itself and which seeks to preserve and trying dissemination and expansion area while maintaining centralized marque and authenticity of the source of emergence and the environment incubator . The Muslim community - as one of those communities - also characterized by its culture and its specificity distinctive and which tries to embodied on the ground Bmjoah of ideas and practices, and we are in the framework of this research will try to prove this fact that there really of the community and the Islamic State, which is based on a set of pillars emanating from Islamic message, which in turn is a message of God to the world, trying to follow these privacy (Islamic), called today (identity) through the study of tariff concept of identity and the concept of the state, and the types of countries on the basis of identity, as an input to understand to be the identity of the Islamic state and its elements that it.