Journal of Juridical and Political Science

Stemming from the new challenges that were imposed by the policy of economical and cultural global and the technological development that happened within the last few years specially within the fields of information and communication technology ways which the important one was the information technology which has proved great economical advantages in many countries specially in countries don’t have enough natural resources . Stemming from the role of education and higher education in moving nations to inter the new world and in improving human development levels and to strength the national security for countries . It's necessary to work in order to improve the quality of higher education in Arab Home lard on the whole and specially in lrag also in its accordance to society and the lab our market , working on putting policy national general and special view to the branches of higher education and determined following of labor's stages that help in carrying fixed aims emerged from it so as to participate in the overall human development for society and to achieve more of economical progress. Studying defector of educational in the Arab region remakes that there are many challenges like high rate of literacy , and the weak approach to the educational establishments , that became a trouble and necessity imposed itself as realism for any direction to face it and to find subjective solutions for it , considering that there are obvious differences between Arab countries in domain spread this phenomena , that it constraint between poor countries that it reach to per cent 60% and reduce in the rich countries to reach within to percent 10%. That because of that weaknesses of Arab government in this side. That pushes many of their citizens to leave the apporchenity of learning and go to look for job . To reduce the effect of this phenomena we have to look for many solutions for in order to achieve overall (Iso) .

The international court of justice had its important role and contribution in interpreting and developing the system of international responsibility through its judicial judgments in international cases and disputes (between states) and through advisory opinions issued by the court under demand of certain organs of the united nations and certain specialized international organizations and from the court decisions (opinions, judgments) our conclusions have been drawn.

Parliamentary opposition perform an important function in democratic systems which stabilize the political system and prevent the political forces to express themselves and their demands outside the rules of democracy and civil peace . The problem , which the research tries to deal with in the study and analysis is the absence of the parliamentary opposition and because of nature of the inputs associated with the political process , that have adopted the model of consensual democracy to accommodate social divisions and deep political differences and the resulting violent conflict since that everyone involved in the political process and benefit sharing authoritarianism result is the absence of parliamentary opposition . That is the problem of the research , which will be studied through the following points : concept and functions of the opposition in parliamentary systems and the reasons for the absence of parliamentary opposition , the future of the parliamentary opposition in Iraq , and the possible opportunities to move to pluralist party system where parties are able to form stable governments with a cohesive majority and a cohesive opposition .

The determination of the criminal intention and the civil un-named intention, their relationship, explaining the concept of both notations, and the importance of intention in criminal law, which in turn determines the legal characterization of the crime, differs from the penalty of the unintended crime. Also determining the unnamed intention in civil law, and explaining that such a concept is not clear since the civil code did not stipulate such a theory despite the magnitude of the consequences that will occur. It is found that the unnamed intention has major importance in civil relations, however, the civil law did not give it importance, nor developed it as a theory, contrary to the criminal law which gave it great importance and the jurisprudence had dealt with it as one of the main theories in criminal law.