Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is widely recognized presumed genetic, electroclinical idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) syndrome. The prevalence of JME is about 18% of IGEs. However, there is a considerable variation in different settings.
Aims: to determine the incidence and associated factors of JME among patients with IGEs.
Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 52 patients with electro-clinical feature of IGE. All enrolled patients were undergone a three-hour video electroencephalography (EEG). JME was diagnosed on the basis of JME consensus definition clinical criteria class II. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were abstracted from their records.
Results: The most common epilepsy syndrome of IGE was generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) only affecting (32.7%) followed by juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE) (25%), JME and JME only (each 17.3%) and Generalized myoclonic epilepsy and generalized tonic-clonic (GMEGTC) (13.46%). All JME patients were females (100%) compared with 69.77% of the patients in other IGE syndromes with a highly significant difference. According to EEG results, 8 patients (88.89%) of JME patients had generalized polyspikes, and two patient (22.22%) showed generalized spikes and waves (3/second spike and wave complex). One patient (11.11%) two EEG findings (polyspike and generalized spike and waves)
Conclusions: JME can affect adolescents and young adults and it can effect child age group. It is distinguished by the occurrence of myoclonic seizures, characteristic spike-and-wave EEG pattern at 4-6 Hz, and more common in females than males

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is define as a clinical entity, affecting the skin, nails, mucous membranes, and joints. The psoriasis pathogenesis primarily shares the combined influence of several gene susceptibilities and incorrect of the immune system together with pervasive risk factors of environment. Tadalafil is a strong phosphodiesterase- 5 blocker that relaxes smooth muscle and prevents the breakdown of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate. The aim is to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of oral tadalafil plus tadalafil gel in comparison with clobetasol in induced psoriasis in mice. Accordingly, forty male BALB/c Albino mice animal experiments in the stage of age 8-11 weeks and body mass ranged 25-40 g; were divided equally into four groups (ten mice/group) after their skin of the dorsal back and right ear being shaved for topical application: Group I (normal control) healthy mice without treatment. Group II (Induction group) in which mice experiment administered topical dose of a limited dose of imiquimod cream (5%) for seven days. The following groups (III and IV), after being received imiquimod cream (5%) as mentioned in the induction group, mice were treated for a further two weeks with either clobetasol ointment (0.05%) topically once daily (clobetasol group), tadalafil gel (0.05%) topically once daily plus oral tadalafil in a dose of 5 mg/kg once daily (tadalafil gel + oral group). This study demonstrated a highly significant reduction in pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α and interlukin-23 profile, with no significant decrease in the level of interlukin-17 and vascular endothelial growth factor, and significantly elevation in transforming growth factor-β level in tadalafil gel plus oral group in comparison to the induction group.
Conclusion
This study conclude the possible effect of anti-inflammatory activity of oral and gel of tadalafil on skin homogenate parameters in comparison with clobetasol in induced psoriasis in mic

The aspirin use for secondary prevention ofcardiovascular disease (CVD) is strongly supported and is well established but its use for primary prevention of cardiovascular events is a source of major debate due to that persons without a previous history of CVD are less likely to have future cardiovascular events, so there is unclear balance between benefits of aspirin to decrease the risk as primary prevention and harms of increase risk of both gastrointestinal bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke. This was reflected in international trails and guidelines. In this study, to balance the risk and benefit of using aspirin for primary prevention of CVD , and depend on trials and guidelines , the using of aspirin is more beneficial and indicated in patients with high ASCVD risk (e.g., as calculated by ASCVD risk score ((which used to calculate the 10 years risk of major coronary events in adults)) as >10% , or depending on the presence of certain ASCVD risk factors) , in patients with age between 40-70 and low risk of bleeding. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of aspirin use in hypertensive patients for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. One hundred fifty hypertensive patients (75 male) and (75 female) attending the outpatient clinic in Saladin general hospital in Tikrit city were included in this study from January 2018 to December 2019. Considering these parameters (age, total cholesterol level, , systolic blood pressure (BP), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and smoking) in every patients.

Across sectional study was conducted for a sample of 45 anemic children and 15 healthy children (control group) in five primary health care centers in Hawija district in Kirkuk governorate. All children were between 6-60 months old. The study started from April 1 to August 31, 2021. Anemia was diagnosed by ferritin, Hb, RBCs, PCV, and WBCs tests. The role of gender and age in anemia was studied, and the results were as follows: The group of patient's children showed a deterioration in the levels of the studied hematological variables, whose values reached 10.977 ng/ml, 10.287 g/dl for ferritin and hemoglobin, and for the effect of patients’ gender, it was found that males were more affected by anemia, as they recorded poor averages in both study groups, reaching Their averages in the patient group were 9.104 ng/ml, 10.09 g/dl for Ferritin, Hb Respectively, as for the age of patients, it was found that children under three of age were more affected by anemia, as they recorded the lowest averages of the studied variables, which amounted to 10.09 ng/ml and 9.67 g/dl for the category of those under three years of age for Ferritin and Hb on respectively within the patient group, and 116.9 ng/ml, 13.95 g/dl for Ferritin and Hb for the least healthy group of children of three years.

This study was designed in order to estimate some immunological (IL-6), physiological (Resistin) and biochemical (Malondialdehyde and Glutathione) parameters of some patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Kirkuk city. The study involved (60) blood samples were divided into 2 groups: group one: normal healthy individuals as control group, group two: patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The results of this study found significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 concentrations at levels (P≤ 0.05) of second group in comparison with control group ; and there are significant increases in resistin concentrations at levels (P≤ 0.05) of second group in comparison with control group; and there are significant decreases in glutathione (GSH) concentrations at levels (P≤ 0.05) of second group in comparison with control group, and there are significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations at levels (P≤ 0.05) of second group in comparison with control group.

Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic affected the people lives worldwide. The infection with COVID-19, social distancing, curfew and limitations leading to changes in lifestyles resulted in multiple systemic and psychological problems in individual’s health. Although there are numerous data in term of effects of (COVID-19) infection on the respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous systems, few studies are available regarding its influence on men’s sexual function. The aim of this study is to detect the impact of COVID-19 on the sexual performance of COVID-19 recovered men. A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2021 and March 2022 in Erbil and Duhok cities (Kurdistan region of Iraq). One hundred male patients recovered from COVID-19 infection enrolled in the study. International Index of Erectile Function-15 scoring was assessed twice; one before and the second one at least two months after recovery from COVID -19 infection. The mean IIEF-15 score was lower for participants after COVID-19 infection (66.9 ±8.39) when compared to pre COVID-19 period (70.95±1.14) (p< .001). By comparing their scores of pre with post Covid-19, significant decrement were found in the scores of (erectile function, orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction) (p< .001, p < .001, p < .001, p < .001, respectively), only the reduction in desire domain was statistically insignificant (p = .01). The results indicate that COVID-19 infection has a significant effect on men sexual performance on short term.

Many changes in swallowing function occur in the elderly, age-related swallowing alterations are well-researched and frequently identify people above sixty as older people. The effect of age on swallowing should be clarified to improve. Understanding the impact of age on swallowing has implications for differentiating between swallowing difficulties associated with ageing and those associated with specific medical conditions. Older folks are living longer and in better health than ever before, with many living past 85 years of age. To effectively address swallowing issues in elderly patients, doctors must comprehend healthy swallowing modifications in the "oldest old". This systematic review compiled and evaluated papers that used instrumental evaluation to look at alterations in swallowing in persons over 85. Participants over 85 who were in good health were required for participation. Studies that focused on oral functioning and anatomy were prohibited .Two thousand two hundred thirty-six (2236) papers from investigations up to 2018 were gathered from Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, Medline, and BIOSIS. Because the oldest old were not enrolled, 86% of investigations examining age-related swallowing alterations were disregarded after data screening. Thirteen articles passed the PRISMA assessment and were considered. These were then examined for quality, bias, and data extractions. The primary quantitative abnormalities in swallowing associated with ageing were an increase in the swallow onset delays, bolus transit times. Identify of the ‘normal’ for swallowing in elderly is important to clinical and instrumental swallow examinations and to inform interventions that might effect on the person’s life. Fewer papers found elevated residue or aspiration-related airway impairment. Due to differences in age groups, criteria for classifying individuals as "healthy," measurements employed to define swallowing physiology, and swallowing activities, findings could not be easily compared. There are identified swallowing alterations that are caused by ageing but do not endanger safety. Normative deglutition study underrepresents the oldest old. It is crucial that future research consider recruiting people above 85 years old.